RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patterns and determinants of longitudinal growth among children requiring complex biventricular repair for congenital heart disease, as well as to assess for associations of growth with early feeding modality, comorbidities, postoperative complications, and socioeconomic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: A single-institution retrospective cohort study was performed in children born February 1999 to March 2009 with complex congenital heart disease who underwent biventricular repair before age 4 years, defined by Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery-1 category 3-5. Clinical characteristics, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) from ages 2-12 years were collected by chart review. Neighborhood-level socioeconomic data were identified using a geographic information system approach. The adjusted association of covariates with growth outcomes was estimated using multivariable linear regression models using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Compared with population growth curves, the cohort (n = 150) trended toward early decrease in age-adjusted weight and height. Early tube feeding was significantly associated with decreased BMI before adolescence (-0.539; 95% CI -1.02, -0.054; P = .029). In addition, other clinical and perioperative characteristics had significant associations with growth, including low birth weight, preoperative tube feeds, need for multiple bypass runs, and diagnosis of feeding disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Early childhood growth in children with complex biventricular repair may be impaired. Early tube feeding was associated with decreased BMI over the course of early childhood, which may indicate a need for continued close nutrition follow-up and support even beyond the duration of tube feeds.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objective. We assessed the proportion of and factors associated with mothers initiating and continuing breastfeeding (BF) for ≥4 months in a rural town of the Dominican Republic. Methods. A survey was administered to 190 mothers of children cared for at a free clinic in Consuelo. Modified bivariate and multivariable Poisson regressions were utilized in data analysis. Results. BF was initiated in 89.5% of cases and continued ≥4 months in 81.7% of cases. Maternal education beyond secondary school [adjusted RR = 1.13, 95% CI: (1.04-1.24), 0.010], and visiting both public and private antenatal clinics [adjusted RR = 1.25; 95% CI: (1.10-1.37), 0.010] were associated with BF initiation. Public and private antenatal clinic attendance [adjusted RR = 1.01, 95% CI: (0.45-2.23), 0.020], Cesarean section [adjusted RR = 0.81, 95% CI: (0.68-0.98), 0.026], number of biological children [adjusted RR = 0.95, 95% CI: (0.90-1.00), 0.032] and maternal employment [adjusted RR = 0.89, 95% CI: (0.79-0.99), 0.048] were associated with BF continuation. Conclusions. These results provide valuable insights for targeting specific populations in future breastfeeding education interventions.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Existing studies of patients palliated with the Fontan operation are limited by heterogeneous patient populations and incomplete follow-up. This study aimed to describe long-term post-Fontan survival in a modern patient cohort. METHODS: All 773 patients who underwent a first Fontan operation at our institution between 1992 and 2009 were reviewed. The primary outcome was the composite endpoint of Fontan takedown, heart transplantation, or death before 2013. RESULTS: Follow-up rate was 99.2%. Survival with intact Fontan circulation was 94% at 1 year (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 92%-95%), 90% at 10 years (95% CI, 88%-92%), 85% at 15 years (95% CI, 82%-88%), and 74% at 20 years (95% CI, 67%-80%). Distinct risk factors were identified for early (≤1 year) and late composite outcomes. Independent risk factors for early outcome included prolonged pleural drainage (hazard ratio [HR], 4.4; P < .001), intensive care unit stay >1 week (HR, 2.4; P < .001), Fontan before 1997 (HR, 3.3; P < .001), preoperative atrioventricular valve regurgitation (HR, 2.0; P < .001), and longer crossclamp time (HR, 1.3 per 10 minutes; P < .001). Late outcome was predicted by atrioventricular valve regurgitation prior to Fontan (HR, 2.0; P ≤ .001), and post-Fontan ICU stay >1 week (HR, 2.4; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term mortality after Fontan operation remains substantial. Risk factors for death or loss of Fontan circulation differ between the early and late postoperative periods. Long-term survival has not improved appreciably over the last decade, suggesting that alternatives to the Fontan are warranted.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess sources of support and guidance on which parents rely when making difficult decisions in the pediatric intensive care unit and to evaluate associations of sources of support and guidance to anxiety, depression, and positive and negative affect. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study of 86 English-speaking parents of 75 children in the pediatric intensive care unit at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia who were hospitalized greater than 72 hours. Parents completed standardized instruments and a novel sources of support and guidance assessment. RESULTS: Most parents chose physicians, nurses, friends, and extended family as their main sources of support and guidance when making a difficult decision. Descriptive analysis revealed a broad distribution for the sources of support and guidance items related to spirituality. Parents tended to fall into 1 of 2 groups when we used latent class analysis: the more-spiritual group (n = 47; 55%) highly ranked "what my child wants" (P = .023), spouses (P = .002), support groups (P = .003), church community (P < .001), spiritual leader (P < .001), higher power (P < .001), and prayer (P < .001) compared with the less-spiritual group (n = 39; 45%). The more-spiritual parents had greater positive affect scores (P = .005). Less-spiritual parents had greater depression scores (P = .043). CONCLUSIONS: Parents rely most on physicians, nurses, and friends and extended family when making difficult decisions for their critically ill child. Respondents tended to fall into 1 of 2 groups where the more-spiritual respondents were associated with greater positive affect and may be more resistant to depression.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between posthospitalization prescription fills for recommended asthma discharge medication classes and subsequent hospital readmission. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of Medicaid Analytic Extract files from 12 geographically diverse states from 2005-2007. We linked inpatient hospitalization, outpatient, and prescription claims records for children ages 2-18 years with an index hospitalization for asthma to identify those who filled a short-acting beta agonist, oral corticosteroid, or inhaled corticosteroid within 3 days of discharge. We used a multivariable extended Cox model to investigate the association of recommended medication fills and hospital readmission within 90 days. RESULTS: Of 31,658 children hospitalized, 55% filled a beta agonist prescription, 57% an oral steroid, and 37% an inhaled steroid. Readmission occurred for 1.3% of patients by 14 days and 6.3% by 90 days. Adjusting for patient and billing provider factors, beta agonist (hazard ratio [HR] 0.67, 95% CI 0.51, 0.87) and inhaled steroid (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42, 0.85) fill were associated with a reduction in readmission at 14 days. Between 15 and 90 days, inhaled steroid fill was associated with decreased readmission (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77, 0.98). Patients who filled all 3 medications had the lowest readmission hazard within both intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Filling of beta agonists and inhaled steroids was associated with diminished hazard of early readmission. For inhaled steroids, this effect persisted up to 90 days. Efforts to improve discharge care for asthma should include enhancing recommended discharge medication fill rates.

Assuntos