RESUMO
Recent studies have revealed that the inflammatory process plays a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The S100 family and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) participate in regulating inflammation, even in the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMP-1 degrades cartilage, which may result in OA development. Moreover, polymorphisms in RAGE, S100A8, and MMP-1 have a marked effect on ligand binding and transcription regulating. In this study, we investigated the potential genetic contribution of the RAGE, S100A8, and MMP-1 genes to OA. We performed a matched case-control association study and genotyped OA patients and healthy controls, who were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. A total of 207 patients were diagnosed with knee OA and underwent total knee replacement. The control group included 207 individuals who had standard X-rays of the knee joints to confirm K/L < 2 and were matched by age and gender. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in RAGE (-429T/C, -374T/A, and 557G/A), S100A8 (rs3795391A/G), and MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G, -755G/T, and -519A/G) were evaluated. RAGE -374T/A, S100A8 rs3795391A/G, MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G, -755G/T, and -519A/G showed no significant difference between OA patients and healthy controls. RAGE -429T/C and 557G/A showed a significant association between OA patients and healthy controls (P = 0.016 and 0.047, respectively). In haplotype analyses, no RAGE and MMP-1 haplotypes showed associations with OA. Our results suggest that the investigated polymorphism in the RAGE gene play a role in OA in the Han Chinese population.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Osteoartrite do Joelho/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Receptor para Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/genética , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Idoso , Calgranulina A/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Haplótipos/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/genéticaRESUMO
Spontaneous leaf color variation in bamboo provides the opportunity to study the mechanisms of leaf color formation and the breeding of ornamental bamboos. Despite the fact that many genes are known to be involved in leaf color variation in model plants, molecular mechanisms governing natural leaf color variation in bamboo have remained obscure. This study aimed to identify the genes responsible for the occurrence of such phenomena in bamboo using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method between green and albino leaves in Pseudosasa japonica f. A total of 1062 and 1004 differentially expressed transcripts were obtained from the forward and reverse SSH libraries, respectively. Subsequently, 59 differentially expressed unigenes with potential roles in leaf color formation, predicted via computational analysis of their functional relevance, were selected for further analysis using qPCR. Ten genes, involved in photosynthesis, plastid development, and cation signal transduction, showed 2-fold changes in expression levels between green and albino leaves. Further expression pattern analyses of these genes at three developmental stages revealed much lower expression abundance of Lhca1-encoded chlorophyll a/b binding protein in the albino leaves than in the green leaves. Our results suggest that, together with the concatenated negative pressure for subsequent photosynthetic processes, the albino phenotype is at least partly attributable to chloroplast inner membrane damage or to the impairment of photosynthetic pigment accumulation, which results from low Lhca1 expression.
Assuntos
Bambusa/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Pigmentação/genética , Folhas de Planta/genética , Bambusa/anatomia & histologia , Bambusa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Clorofila/genética , Clorofila/metabolismo , Clorofila A , Proteínas de Ligação à Clorofila/genética , Proteínas de Ligação à Clorofila/metabolismo , Cloroplastos/genética , Cor , Fotossíntese , Folhas de Planta/anatomia & histologia , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transdução de Sinais , Técnicas de Hibridização SubtrativaRESUMO
In this study, inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) were applied to assess the genetic diversity in 38 species of Chrysanthemum and related genera. A total of 204 and 567 bands were amplified by 24 ISSR and 25 SRAP primers, of which 196 (97%) and 557 (99%) were polymorphic, respectively. The ISSR-based genetic similarity ranged from 0.016 to 0.886 and averaged 0.201, while the SRAP-based genetic similarity varied from 0.010 to 0.811 and averaged 0.122. Both the ISSR and SRAP techniques revealed similar clustering patterns and grouped species of Chrysanthemum and Ajania together. The results of principal coordinate analysis corroborated the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average clustering. Additionally, results from ISSR and SRAP data were significantly correlated (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). Knowledge about genetic diversity among species can aid the transfer of traits of interest from the wild into cultivated chrysanthemum in future distant interspecific breeding.
Assuntos
Chrysanthemum/genética , Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Chrysanthemum/classificação , Análise por Conglomerados , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
Crossbreeding is an efficient means to increase production and quality in plants; however, hybridization is seldom reported in bamboo. We crossbred two bamboo species Phyllostachys kwangsiensis (female parent) and Phyllostachys bambusoides (male parent) for the first time, and obtained suspected bamboo hybrids. We identified two bamboo hybrids from the above parents using PCR/ISSR. We concluded that ISSR markers are useful to identify bamboo hybrids, and that breeding between bamboo species is possible and useful.
Assuntos
Hibridização Genética , Endogamia , Repetições Minissatélites/genética , Poaceae/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Marcadores Genéticos , FilogeniaRESUMO
Unlike other plants, bamboo (Bambusoideae) flowering is an elusive physiological phenomena, because it is unpredictable, long-periodic, gregarious, and uncontrollable; also, bamboo plants usually die after flowering. The flowering mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana, a eudicot model species, is well established, but it remains unknown in bamboo species. We found 4470 and 3878 expressed sequence tags in the flower bud and vegetative shoot cDNA libraries, respectively, of the bamboo species, Bambusa oldhamii. Different genes were found expressed in bamboo flower buds compared to vegetative shoots, based on the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences functional categorization; flowering-related genes were also identified in this species. We also identified Arabidopsis flowering-specific homologs that are involved in its photoperiod in this bamboo species, along with autonomous, vernalization and gibberellin-dependent pathways, indicating that bamboos may have a similar mechanism to control floral transition. Some bamboo expressed sequence tags shared high similarity with those of rice, but others did not match any known sequences. Our data lead us to conclude that bamboo may have its own unique flowering genes. This information can help us understand bamboo flowering and provides useful experimental methods to study the mechanisms involved.