RESUMO
The leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) is an important pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and other palms (Arecaceae) of economic importance, attacking the base of leaves, inflorescences, and infructescences, increasing fruit abortion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial correlation of the infestation rate of E. cyparissias in coconut plantation blocks in the Brazilian Amazon, from January to December 2019, in the city of Santa Izabel, Pará, Brazil. The study area is a farm subdivided into 157 blocks of a commercial plantation of the green dwarf coconut. The Local Moran's Index was used to evaluate the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the E. cyparissias infestation rate in the 157 blocks with neighboring blocks. The infestation rate was calculated by the ratio between the number of plants attacked by the borer and the total number of plants in a block. There is a significant correlation of the symptomatology of the attack by E. cyparissias in the blocks of the experimental area, which indicates an aggregated pattern of distribution. There is no significant correlation between the attack by the borer and the age of the coconut tree; however there is a significant correlation between the attack by the borer and proximity to forest areas. These results indicate that forest regions are foci of infestation by the borer in coconut plantations.
Assuntos
Arecaceae , Lepidópteros , Animais , Cocos , Folhas de Planta , BrasilRESUMO
The leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) is an important pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and other palms (Arecaceae) of economic importance, attacking the base of leaves, inflorescences, and infructescences, increasing fruit abortion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial correlation of the infestation rate of E. cyparissias in coconut plantation blocks in the Brazilian Amazon, from January to December 2019, in the city of Santa Izabel, Pará, Brazil. The study area is a farm subdivided into 157 blocks of a commercial plantation of the green dwarf coconut. The Local Moran's Index was used to evaluate the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the E. cyparissias infestation rate in the 157 blocks with neighboring blocks. The infestation rate was calculated by the ratio between the number of plants attacked by the borer and the total number of plants in a block. There is a significant correlation of the symptomatology of the attack by E. cyparissias in the blocks of the experimental area, which indicates an aggregated pattern of distribution. There is no significant correlation between the attack by the borer and the age of the coconut tree; however there is a significant correlation between the attack by the borer and proximity to forest areas. These results indicate that forest regions are foci of infestation by the borer in coconut plantations.
A broca-da-coroa-foliar Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) é um importante praga para as culturas do coqueiro (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus) e outras palmeiras (Areacaceae) de importância econômica, atacando a base de folhas, inflorescências e infrutescências acarretando o aumento do abortamento de frutos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a distribuição espacial da taxa de plantas com sintomas de ataque por E. cyparissias das quadras de plantio de coqueiro na Amazônia brasileira, de janeiro a dezembro de 2019, no município de Santa Izabel, Pará, Brasil. A área de estudo é uma fazenda subdividida em 157 quadras de plantio comercial de coqueiro anão verde (C. nucifera). O Índice de Moran Local foi utilizado para avaliar a existência de autocorrelação espacial da variável sintomatologia do ataque de E. cyparissias das 157 quadras com as quadras vizinhas. Há correlação significativa da sintomatologia do ataque por E. cyparissias nas quadras da área experimental, o que indica um padrão de distribuição agregado. Não há correlação significativa entre o ataque pela broca e idade do coqueiro, no entanto há correlação significativa entre o ataque pela broca e proximidade a áreas de mata. Esses resultados indicam que regiões de floresta são focos de infestação pela broca em plantios de coqueiro.
Assuntos
Cocos/parasitologia , Ecossistema Tropical , Pragas da Agricultura , LepidópterosRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar cultivares de caupi resistentes a B. tabaci biótipo B e os respectivos tipos de resistência envolvidos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, no período de novembro de 2009 a abril de 2010. Realizaramse testes de não preferência para oviposição e antibiose. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados para o teste com chance de escolha e inteiramente casualizado para os testes sem chance de escolha e teste de antibiose. Conclui-se que os cultivares BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 e BR17 Gurgueia apresentaram resistência do tipo não preferência para oviposição da mosca-branca; a cultivar BRS Urubuquara apresenta resistência de tipo antibiose; a cultivar Sempre Verde é suscetível; e, mosca-branca prefere ovipositar na posição superior das plantas.
The objective of this study was to identify cowpea cultivars resistant to B. tabaci biotype B and the respective resistance types involved. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, from November 2009 to April 2010. Tests for non-preference for oviposition and antibiosis were performed. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks for the choice test and completely randomized for the no-choice tests and the antibiosis test. It was concluded that the BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 and BR17 Gurgueia cultivars present non-preference for whitefly oviposition resistance; the BRS Urubuquara cultivar presents nonpreference and antibiosis resistance; the Sempre Verde cultivate is susceptible to oviposition; and the whitefly prefers to deposit eggs on the leaves abaxial face in the upper position of the plant.
Assuntos
Animais , Antibiose/genética , Fabaceae , Oviposição , Comportamento Animal , Dípteros/classificaçãoRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar cultivares de caupi resistentes a B. tabaci biótipo B e os respectivos tipos de resistência envolvidos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, no período de novembro de 2009 a abril de 2010. Realizaramse testes de não preferência para oviposição e antibiose. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados para o teste com chance de escolha e inteiramente casualizado para os testes sem chance de escolha e teste de antibiose. Conclui-se que os cultivares BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 e BR17 Gurgueia apresentaram resistência do tipo não preferência para oviposição da mosca-branca; a cultivar BRS Urubuquara apresenta resistência de tipo antibiose; a cultivar Sempre Verde é suscetível; e, mosca-branca prefere ovipositar na posição superior das plantas. (AU)
The objective of this study was to identify cowpea cultivars resistant to B. tabaci biotype B and the respective resistance types involved. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at the Departamento de Fitossanidade da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP/Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, from November 2009 to April 2010. Tests for non-preference for oviposition and antibiosis were performed. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks for the choice test and completely randomized for the no-choice tests and the antibiosis test. It was concluded that the BRS Urubuquara, IPA-206 and BR17 Gurgueia cultivars present non-preference for whitefly oviposition resistance; the BRS Urubuquara cultivar presents nonpreference and antibiosis resistance; the Sempre Verde cultivate is susceptible to oviposition; and the whitefly prefers to deposit eggs on the leaves abaxial face in the upper position of the plant. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Antibiose/genética , Oviposição , Fabaceae , Dípteros/classificação , Comportamento AnimalRESUMO
In recent years, the productivity of cotton in Brazil has been progressively decreasing, often the result of the reniform nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis. This species can reduce crop productivity by up to 40%. Nematodes can be controlled by nematicides but, because of expense and toxicity, application of nematicides to large crop areas may be undesirable. In this work, a methodology using geostatistics for quantifying the risk of nematicide application to small crop areas is proposed. This risk, in economic terms, can be compared to nematicide cost to develop an optimal strategy for Precision Farming. Soil (300 cm(3)) was sampled in a regular network from a R. reniformis-infested area that was a cotton monoculture for 20 years. The number of nematodes in each sample was counted. The nematode number per volume of soil was characterized using geostatistics, and 100 conditional simulations were conducted. Based on the simulations, risk maps were plotted showing the areas where nematicide should be applied in a Precision Farming context. The methodology developed can be applied to farming in countries that are highly dependent on agriculture, with useful economic implications.