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Corona treatment (CT), a surface treatment widely used in the plastic industry, can be used to alter the properties of cassava starch. In the present work, CT was performed on dry granular starch (DS), water-suspended humid granular starch (HS), and gelatinized starch (GS). Different properties and structural characteristics of treated starches were studied. A lowering in pH was generally observed after CT and the rheological properties depended on the starch presentation. A reinforcement of DS and HS samples after CT was deduced from higher viscosity values in flow assays and viscoelastic moduli, but weak gels were obtained when CT was applied to GS. Changes in the A-type polymorphic structure, as well as a drop in relative crystallinity, were produced by CT for DS and HS. Additionally, changes in O-H and C-O-C FTIR bands were observed. Therefore, CT can be applied for starch modification, producing predominantly cross-linking in the DS and de-polymerization in the HS. Casting films made from the modified DS showed higher tensile strength and lower hydrophilicity, solubility, water absorption capacity, and water vapor permeability. Thus, the DS cross-linking induced by CT improved mechanical characteristics and hydrophobicity in edible films, which can be better used as packaging materials.
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Las lesiones orales de tejido blando son infrecuentes en los recién nacidos, pueden conducir a una alimentación, crecimiento, y desarrollo cognitivo inapropiados. El fibroma osificante periférico es una lesión reactiva de la encía, con solo cinco casos reportados en recién nacidos. Objetivo: Reportar un caso de fibroma osificante periférico en un recién nacido, y discutir las complicaciones asociadas a dientes natales/neonatales. Caso clínico: Masculino de 4 meses de edad, mexicano, presentó dos dientes natales que fueron extraídos a los quince días de nacimiento. Posteriormente, se observó un crecimiento de tejido blando en esta área, con dos zonas radiopacas identificadas radiográficamente. Con el diagnóstico presuntivo de lesión reactiva, se procedió a la biopsia excisional, con evolución satisfactoria durante el seguimiento. Conclusiones: El fibroma osificante periférico debe considerarse como una potencial complicación por la presencia o extracción de dientes natales/neonatales, y debe tratarse oportunamente debido a sus repercusiones clínicas.
Lesões de tecidos moles orais são raras em recém-nascidos e podem levar a alimentação inadequada, crescimento e desenvolvimento cognitivo. O fibroma ossificante periférico é uma lesão reativa da gengiva, com apenas cinco casos relatados em recém-nascidos. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de fibroma ossificante periférico em recém-nascido e discutir as complicações associadas aos dentes natais/neonatais. Caso clínico: Um menino mexicano de 4 meses de idade apresentou dois dentes natais que foram extraídos quinze dias após o nascimento. Posteriormente, observou-se crescimento de tecidos moles nesta área, com duas zonas radiopacas identificadas radiograficamente. Com o diagnóstico presuntivo de lesão reativa, foi realizada biópsia excisional, com evolução satisfatória durante o seguimento. Conclusões: O fibroma ossificante periférico deve ser considerado como uma complicação potencial devido à presença ou extração de dentes natais/neonatais, devendo ser tratado prontamente devido às suas repercussões clínicas.
Oral soft tissue injuries are rare in newborns and can lead to inappropriate feeding, growth, and cognitive development. Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a reactive lesion of the gingiva, with only five cases reported in newborns. Objective: To report a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma in a newborn, and to discuss the complications associated with natal/neonatal teeth. Clinical case: A 4-month-old Mexican male presented two natal teeth that were extracted fifteen days after birth. Subsequently, soft tissue growth was observed in this area, with two radiopaque zones radiographically identified. With the presumptive diagnosis of reactive lesion, an excisional biopsy was performed, with satisfactory evolution during follow-up. Conclusions: Peripheral ossifying fibroma should be considered as a potential complication due to the presence or extraction of natal/neonatal teeth, and should be treated promptly due to its clinical repercussions.
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Introducción: Las especies de Anisakis representan uno de los grupos parasitarios patógenos transmitidos por alimentos más importantes en relación con sus capacidades zoonóticas y pueden producir una enfermedad emergente llamada anisakiosis. En Cuba, no existen reportes de la enfermedad como tampoco publicaciones sobre la detección del parásito en muestras de productos pesqueros. Objetivo: Identificar larvas de Anisakis spp. en muestras de productos pesqueros. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio para la búsqueda de larvas de Anisakis spp. en muestras de productos pesqueros en conserva recibidos en el Laboratorio de Parasitología de los alimentos del Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología de Cuba. Se recibieron 96 muestras de dos marcas diferentes. A cada marca se le asignó las letras A o B para proteger la identidad del fabricante. Las larvas recuperadas fueron previamente aclaradas con lactofenol e identificadas morfológicamente por microscopía. Se utilizaron las claves de identificación para larvas de Anisakis spp. descritas en la literatura. Resultados: El 38,5 por ciento del total de muestras de pescado en conserva analizadas estuvieron parasitadas con larvas de Anisakis spp., con una frecuencia media de 1,2 larvas por cada submuestra. Las larvas fueron clasificadas de tercer estadio y de tipo I. Conclusiones: Por primera vez se identificó en Cuba larvas de Anisakis spp. en muestras de pescado en conserva y se proporcionó datos de interés a las autoridades sanitarias para el fortalecimiento de políticas públicas relacionadas con la calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos(AU)
Introduction: Anisakis species represent one of the most important foodborne pathogenic parasitic groups in relation to their zoonotic capabilities, and can produce an emerging disease called anisakiosis. In Cuba, there are no reports of the disease and there are no publications on the detection of the parasite in samples of fishery products. Objective: To identify Anisakis spp. larvae in samples of fishery products. Methods: A study was conducted to search for Anisakis spp. larvae in samples of canned fish products received at the Laboratory of Food Parasitology of the National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology of Cuba. Ninety-six samples of two different brands were received. Each brand was assigned letter A or B to protect the identity of the manufacturer. The larvae recovered were previously rinsed with lactophenol and identified morphologically by microscopy. The identification keys for Anisakis spp. larvae described in the literature were used. Results: 38.5 percent of the total canned fish samples analyzed were parasitized with Anisakis spp. larvae, with a mean frequency of 1.2 larvae per subsample. The larvae were classified as third instar and type I. Conclusions: For the first time in Cuba, Anisakis spp. larvae were identified in canned fish samples and provided data of interest to health authorities to strengthen public policies related to food quality and safety(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Anisakis/parasitologiaRESUMO
Health systems, sanitation and water access have certain limitations in nations of Latin America (LA): typical matters of developing countries. Water is often contaminated and therefore unhealthy for the consumers and users. Information on prevalence and detection of waterborne parasitic protozoa are limited or not available in LA. Only few reports have documented in this field during the last forty years and Brazil leads the list, including countries in South America and Mexico within Central America region and Caribbean islands. From 1979 to 2015, 16 outbreaks of waterborne-protozoa, were reported in Latin American countries. T. gondii and C. cayetanensis were the protozoa, which caused more outbreaks and Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were the most frequently found protozoa in water samples. On the other hand, Latin America countries have not got a coherent methodology for detection of protozoa in water samples despite whole LA is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events related to waterborne-infections; although Brazil and Colombia have some implemented laws in their surveillance systems. It would be important to coordinate all surveillance systems in between all countries for early detection and measures against waterborne-protozoan and to establish effective and suitable diagnosis tools according to the country's economic strength and particular needs.
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Parasitos/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia da Água , Poluentes da Água/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Mudança Climática , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , América LatinaRESUMO
Introducción: la cirugía ortognática corrige las alteraciones del componente esquelético en las anomalías dentomaxilofaciales. Estas deformidades provocan deficiente relación de los huesos maxilares, afectando la oclusión dentaria y sus funciones. Objetivo: identificar el comportamiento de la oclusión dentaria en pacientes que fueron intervenidos por cirugía ortognática. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con el objetivo de identificar características oclusales en pacientes intervenidos por cirugía ortognática. Se utilizaron las variables: relación de molares, guías de función lateral, tipo de masticación, interferencias oclusales en movimiento de protrusión y de lateralidad. Resultados: se observaron pacientes con relación de molares en mesioclusión, lo cual es un indicio de recidiva de la neutroclusión que había sido alcanzada. La intervención quirúrgica de mayor incidencia fue la retroposición mandibular acompañada de centralización. Existió una gran mejoría de la función masticatoria. La mayoría de los pacientes, se encontraban libres de interferencias oclusales. Conclusiones: los examinados se encontraron entre los grupos de edades de 24 a 38 años, y el sexo femenino predominó con un 60,5 %. El 13, 2 % de los sujetos presentaron mesioclusión, con mayor incidencia en los casos intervenidos con retroposición y centralización de la mandíbula. Predominó la función canina en los movimientos de lateralidad. La mayoría de los pacientes se encontraban libres de interferencias oclusales, representando el 71,1 % de los pacientes estudiados.
Introduction: the orthognatic surgery corrects the alterations of the skeletal component in dentomaxillafacial anomalies. These deformations cause deficient relations of the maxillary bones, affecting the dental occlusion and its functions. Objective: to identify dental occlusion behavior in patients undergoing orthognatic surgery. Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive study was carried out with the objective of identifying oclussal characteristics in patients who underwent orthognatic surgery. The used variables were: molars relation, guides of lateral functioning, kinds of chewing, occlusive interferences in protrusion movements and in movements of laterality. Results: patients were found with molars relation of mesiooclussion, which is an indication of recidivism in the achieved neutroclussion. The surgical intervention with higher incidence was mandibular retro positioning accompanied by centralization. There it was a great improvement of the chewing function. Most of the patients were free of oclussal interferences. Conclusions: the assessed patients were in the age-groups from 24 to 38 years, and female sex predominated with 60.5 %. 13.2 % of the subjects had mesiocclusion, with higher incidence in the cases surgically treated with jaw retroposition and centralization. The canine tooth function in the lateral movements predominated. Most of the patients were free from occlusive interferences, being 71.1 % of the studied patients.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Oclusão Dentária , Cirurgia Ortognática/métodos , Anormalidades da Boca/diagnóstico , Anormalidades da Boca/patologia , Anormalidades da Boca/epidemiologia , Satisfação do Paciente , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ortognáticos/reabilitação , Estudo ObservacionalRESUMO
La melanosis coli consiste en una pigmentación negruzca de la mucosa del intestino grueso, producida por absorción de productos aromáticos, por uso excesivo de laxantes derivados del antraceno. Se presentó el primer caso de melanosis coli diagnosticado en los últimos 30 años de trabajo, en el departamento de Gastroenterología del Hospital Faustino Pérez, de Matanzas. Se trata de un paciente con antecedentes de estreñimiento crónico, al cual se le diagnóstica esta entidad por estudio videoendoscópico del colon, corroborándose por estudio histológico, concluyéndose que esta entidad constituye una condición inocua que no traduce manifestaciones clínicas. Casi siempre, aparece de forma accidental en pacientes a los que se les realiza estudios endoscópicos del tracto digestivo inferior y con historia de abuso de laxantes. Para evitarla se recomienda régimen higiénico dietético adecuado, consumo de alimentos ricos en fibras, ejercicios físicos sistemáticos y proscribiendo el uso de laxantes derivados de las antroquinonas. Por tanto, es de gran importancia para Gastroenterólogos estar conscientes de su existencia. A pesar, de que no esté dilucidada todavía la importancia clínica de esta entidad.
The Melanosis coli consist in a blackish pigmentation of the large intestine mucosa, produced for the absorption of aromatic products due to the excessive usage of anthracene-derived laxatives. We present the first case of Melanosis coli diagnosed in the Gastroenterology Department of the Hospital “Faustino Perez”, of Matanzas in the last 30 years. It is the case of a patient with antecedents of chronic constipation, to whom the disease is diagnosed as a result of a colon videoendoscopic study, corroborated by histological study, concluding that this disease is an innocuous condition without clinical manifestations. It almost always appears in an accidental way, in patients to whom endoscopic studies of the low digestive tract are carried out, and having a history of laxatives abuse. To avoid it, an adequate hygiene-epidemiologic regime, rich-in-fibers food consumption, systemic physical training and the proscription of anthraquinone-derived laxatives are need. It is very importance for the gastroenterologists to be conscious of the existence of this entity, although its clinical importance is not elucidated yet.
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BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid cutaneous fistula following spinal anesthesia is a serious and rare complication which mandates prompt diagnosis, although the treatment modalities are not well codified. CLINICAL CASE: Female aged 50 with a stage IIB cervical carcinoma; a peridural catheter was passed at lumbar level; three days after surgery, refers severe headache and to corroborate leakage cerebrospinal fluid through the puncture. The prescription was antibiotics and acetazolamide 250mg every 8hours for five days with favorable evolution. CONCLUSION: In this case, management with acetazolamide and suture of the fistula inhibits cerebrospinal fluid leakage without blood patch.
Assuntos
Acetazolamida/uso terapêutico , Anestesia Epidural/efeitos adversos , Vazamento de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/tratamento farmacológico , Fístula Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/etiologia , Vazamento de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/etiologia , Vazamento de Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Fístula Cutânea/etiologia , Fístula Cutânea/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia , Região Lombossacral , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Punções/efeitos adversos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/etiologia , Staphylococcus haemolyticus/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Sutura , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/cirurgiaRESUMO
Introducción: el control de la calidad del diagnóstico de las parasitosis intestinales es un proceder de gran importancia en la práctica de la salud pública; sin embargo, no está tan difundido como en otras ramas del diagnóstico del laboratorio clínico y solo ha sido incorporado en los últimos años. Objetivos: evaluar la calidad del diagnóstico parasitológico en cuatro municipios de La Habana. Métodos: el estudio se efectuó en 15 policlínicos de los municipios La Lisa, Arroyo Naranjo, La Habana del Este y Cerro, de la provincia de La Habana, en el período comprendido entre marzo de 2011 a mayo de 2012. El universo de trabajo estuvo constituido por 747 muestras de heces analizadas en los laboratorios de dichos policlínicos. Para determinar la concordancia entre observadores se calculó el coeficiente Kappa para dos observadores y dos categorías. Resultados: solo en un policlínico hubo grado de acuerdo casi perfecto en el diagnóstico parasitario (coeficiente de concordancia kappa de 0.90, p < 0,05). En una cuarta parte de los policlínicos evaluados fue posible establecer la concordancia en el diagnóstico parasitario y de ellos solo en uno hubo calidad satisfactoria. Conclusiones: los principales errores en el diagnóstico son para Ascaris lumbricoides y Blastocystis spp. Estos resultados sugieren perfeccionar constantemente la capacitación del personal que realiza este tipo de exámenes
Introduction: quality control in the diagnosis of intestinal parasitoses is a very important public health procedure. However, it is not as well known as it is in other branches of clinical laboratory diagnosis, and has only been incorporated in recent years. Objectives: Evaluate the quality of parasitological diagnosis in four Havana municipalities. Methods: the study was conducted at 15 polyclinics from the municipalities of La Lisa, Arroyo Naranjo, Habana del Este and Cerro, in the province of Havana, from March 2011 to May 2012. The study universe was composed of 747 stool samples analyzed in laboratories of the aforementioned polyclinics. The kappa coefficient was estimated for two observers and two categories, in order to determine the degree of agreement between observers. Results: only in one polyclinic was there an almost perfect degree of agreement in parasitological diagnosis (a kappa concordance coefficient of 0.90, p < 0,05). Conclusions: it was possible to establish the concordance in parasitological diagnosis. Only in one case was quality satisfactory. The main diagnostic errors corresponded to Ascaris lumbricoides and Blastocystis spp. Based on these results, permanent improvement is recommended in the training of the personnel performing these tests
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Parasitologia/métodos , Parasitologia/prevenção & controle , Diagnóstico Clínico/educação , Erros de Diagnóstico/prevenção & controle , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
Las infecciones producidas por enteroparásitos están presentes en todas las zonas tropicales y subtropicales del planeta y, dentro de este grupo, las parasitosis transmitidas por el contacto con el suelo, o también conocidas como geohelmintiasis, constituyen una de las infecciones más comunes. A pesar de la exitosa generación de respuesta Th2, a menudo los helmintos poseen la capacidad de vivir en el interior de sus hospederos y les causan infecciones crónicas durante largos períodos de tiempo, como consecuencia de mecanismos de adaptación evolutiva que les permiten evadir las respuestas inmunitarias de estos. Las observaciones epidemiológicas muestran que la prevalencia de geohelmintiasis ha disminuido en países desarrollados, en oposición a lo que ha ocurrido con la prevalencia de enfermedades causadas por alteraciones inmunológicas e inflamatorias como la alergia y el asma. En este trabajo de revisión nos propusimos exponer las principales evidencias epidemiológicas publicadas a nivel internacional y en Cuba acerca de dicha relación. Se discuten además los principales mecanismos inmunológicos que se invocan
Enteroparasite infections occur in tropical and subtropical regions of the planet. Among them are parasitoses transmitted by contact with the ground, also known as geohelminthiases, which are among the most common. Despite the successful generation of Th2 response, helminths are often capable of living inside their hosts, causing them chronic infections for long periods of time, as a result of evolutionary adaptation mechanisms allowing them to evade immunological responses. Epidemiological observations show that the prevalence of geohelminthiases has decreased in developed countries, in contrast to the rising prevalence of diseases caused by immunological and inflammatory alterations, such as allergy and asthma. The present review paper is aimed at presenting the main epidemiological evidence published both internationally and in Cuba about such a relationship. A discussion is also provided of the main immunological mechanisms invoked
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Humanos , Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/imunologia , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Helmintíase/imunologiaRESUMO
Introducción: la epilepsia es una alteración del sistema nervioso central que afecta a un estimado de 50 millones de personas en el mundo, de los cuales 85 porciento vive en países en desarrollo. Alrededor de 20 porciento de las epilepsias son de difícil control o refractarias. En Cuba no existen antecedentes de estudios acerca del comportamiento de las parasitosis intestinales en estos pacientes, por lo cual se decidió realizar la presente investigación en un grupo de pacientes con epilepsia de origen desconocido del Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía de La Habana. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia y las manifestaciones clínicas de las parasitosis intestinales, y relacionar estas infecciones con la existencia de epilepsia refractaria a los fármacos antiepilépticos. Métodos: se aplicó un cuestionario y se recogió una muestra de heces por cada paciente, se realizaron técnicas de diagnóstico coproparasitológico, como son el examen directo, el método de concentración de Willis y el procedimiento cuantitativo de Kato Katz
Introduction: the epilepsy is an alteration of the central nervous system (CNS) which roughly affects 50 millions of persons worldwide; almost 85 percent of them live in developing countries. Approximately 20 percent of epilepsies are difficult to control or they are called refractory epilepsies. Taking into account the lack of Cuban reports about the behavior of intestinal parasitic infections in these patients, it was decided to carry out this research study in a group of epileptic patients with unknown etiology, from the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery in Havana. Objectives: to determine the prevalence and the clinical manifestations of intestinal parasitic infections, and the possible association of these infections with epilepsy refractory to the antiepileptic drugs. Methods: a questionnaire was applied and one fecal sample was taken per patient. Various parasitological techniques were implemented, including direct wet mount, Willis concentration technique, and Kato Katz quantitative procedure