RESUMO
This exploratory study examined sex differences in psychosocial and demographic factors associated with sustained HIV viral suppression (SVS). The study population included 6,489 Miami-Dade Ryan White Program (RWP) clients receiving services during 2017; administrative data was analyzed. SVS was defined as having all viral load tests during 2017 below 200 copies/ml. Multilevel logistic regression models accounted for clustering by medical case management site. Models were stratified by sex. Overall, a higher proportion of females did not achieve SVS (23.5%) than males (18.1%). For females (n = 1,503), having acquired HIV perinatally and not having a partner oradult household member were associated with not achieving SVS. For males (n = 4,986), lacking access to food, Black or Haitian race/ethnicity, problematic substance use, and unknown physician were associated with not achieving SVS. For both sexes, younger age, lower household income, ever having an AIDS diagnosis, feeling depressed or anxious, and experiencing homelessness were associated with not achieving SVS. Elements of the transition from adolescent to adult HIV care that may differentially impact female clients and factors associated with disclosure should be explored further. Male clients may require additional support for food security. Improving culturally specific care for Haitian and non-Hispanic Black male clients should also be explored.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Caracteres Sexuais , Haiti/epidemiologia , Florida/epidemiologia , Etnicidade , Carga ViralRESUMO
The study's objective was to identify factors associated with differences in the rate of viral suppression among minority women with HIV/AIDS in care in the Miami-Dade County Ryan White Program (RWP). A retrospective cohort study was conducted using social characteristics and laboratory data of minority women enrolled in the Miami-Dade County RWP in 2017. Viral suppression was defined as <200 copies/mL using the last viral load test of 2017. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of the 1,550 racial/ethnic minority women in the study population, 43.1% were African American, 31.3% were Hispanic, and 25.6% were Haitian. The proportion of women virally suppressed was lower among African Americans (80.8%) than among Hispanics (86.4%) and Haitians (85.1%). Viral suppression rates were significantly lower among women aged 18-34 years (aOR: 0.41, CI: 0.27-0.64) and 35-49 years (0.63, 0.45-0.90) vs. ≥50 years, born in the United States (0.48, 0.30-0.78), having a household income of <100% the federal poverty level (0.54, 0.30-0.95), previously diagnosed with AIDS (0.60, 0.44-0.81), reporting problematic drug use (0.23, 0.08-0.69), and living in a residentially unstable neighborhood (0.77, 0.64-0.93). Race/ethnicity was not associated with viral suppression after adjusting for other factors. Factors associated with lack of viral suppression were similar among minority racial/ethnic groups. Interventions at the individual level focusing on young, U.S. born individuals, and those who report drug use, and at the neighborhood level for those living in residentially unstable neighborhoods are needed to improve viral suppression outcomes.
Assuntos
Etnicidade , Infecções por HIV , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Haiti , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Grupos Minoritários , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The study's objective was to assess temporal changes in birth country and age among newly diagnosed Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). We used records from Hispanics/Latinos (2007-2016) who were reported to the Florida HIV/AIDS surveillance system. We compared trends in birth country/region and age by year using a two-sided Cochran-Armitage Trend Test. Of 12,427 new diagnoses, 85.9% were among men. Of men, 79.5% were MSM. The proportion attributable to MSM increased from 70.0% in 2007-85.7% in 2016 (p-value < .0001). Compared with the trend in the proportion of MSM cases born in US-mainland, the proportion born in Cuba (20.0-29.9%; p-value < .0001) and South America (13.8% to 23.2%; p-value < .0001) increased significantly over time, and the proportion born in Central America (8.1% to 4.5%; p-value < .0001) decreased significantly over time. Compared with the trend in the proportion of MSM aged 35-49 years, the proportion aged 13-24 (15.4% to 20.6%; p-value < .0001) and 25-34 (25.0% to 35.6%; p-value < .0001) years increased significantly over time. In Florida, HIV prevention and screening strategies should be enhanced for Cuban and South American immigrants and young Latinos to address the increasing trend in new diagnoses among Latino MSM.
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Homossexualidade Masculina/etnologia , Programas de Rastreamento/tendências , Vigilância da População , Adolescente , Adulto , Cuba/etnologia , Demografia , Florida/epidemiologia , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , América do Sul/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of this study was to estimate disparities in linkage to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care among Latinos by country/region of birth, HIV testing site, and neighborhood characteristics. A retrospective study was conducted using Florida HIV surveillance records of Latinos/Hispanics aged ≥13 diagnosed during 2014-2015. Linkage to HIV care was defined as a laboratory test (HIV viral load or CD4) within 3 months of HIV diagnosis. Multi-level Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for nonlinkage to care. Of 2659 Latinos, 18.8% were not linked to care within 3 months. Compared with Latinos born in mainland United States, those born in Cuba [aPR 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.76] and Puerto Rico (aPR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.90) had a decreased prevalence of nonlinkage. Latinos diagnosed at blood banks (aPR 2.34, 95% CI 1.75-3.12), HIV case management and screening facilities (aPR 1.76, 95% CI 1.46-2.14), and hospitals (aPR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03-1.96) had an increased prevalence of nonlinkage compared with outpatient general, infectious disease, and tuberculosis/sexually transmitted diseases/family planning clinics. Latinos who resided in the lowest (aPR 1.57, 95% CI 1.19-2.07) and third lowest (aPR 1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.76) quartiles of neighborhood socioeconomic status compared with the highest quartile were at increased prevalence. Latinos who resided in neighborhoods with <25% Latinos also had increased prevalence of nonlinkage (aPR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.51). Testing site at diagnosis may be an important determinant of HIV care linkage among Latinos due to neighborhood or individual-level resources that determine location of HIV testing.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/etnologia , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Programas de Rastreamento , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Administração de Caso , Cuba/etnologia , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Florida/etnologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Porto Rico/etnologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Carga Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The study's purpose was to identify HIV, Black-White race, and birth country disparities in retention in HIV care and HIV viral load (VL) suppression among Latinos, in 2015. Florida's surveillance data for Latinos diagnosed with HIV (2000-2014) were merged with American Community Survey data. Multi-level (random effects) models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for non-retention in care and non-viral load suppression. Blacks and Whites experienced similar odds of non-retention in care. Racial differences in VL suppression disappeared after controlling for neighborhood factors. Compared to U.S.-born Latinos, those born in Mexico (retention aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.70-2.36; VL 1.85, 95% CI 1.57-2.17) and Central America (retention aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.16-1.53; VL 1.28, 95% CI 1.12-2.47) were at an increased risk after controlling for individual and neighborhood factors. Among Central Americans, those born in Guatemala (retention aOR 2.39, 95% CI 1.80-3.18; VL 2.20, 95% CI 1.66-2.92) and Honduras (retention aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13-1.72; VL 1.42, 95% CI 1.16-1.74) experienced the largest disparities, when compared to U.S.-born Latinos. Disparities in care and treatment exist within the Latino population. Cultural and other factors, unique to Latino Black-White racial and birth country subgroups, should be further studied and considered for intervention.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/etnologia , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Características de Residência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , América Central/etnologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Florida/epidemiologia , Florida/etnologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Carga Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Lower mortality for Latinos has been reported in high Latino density areas. The objective was to examine the contribution of neighborhood Latino density to mortality among HIV-positive Latinos. METHODS: Florida HIV surveillance data for 2005-2008 were merged with the 2007-2011 American Community Survey data using zip code tabulation areas. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using multi-level weighted Cox regression and adjusted for individual-level factors and neighborhood poverty. RESULTS: Of 4649 HIV-positive Latinos, 11.8% died. There was no difference in mortality risk across categories of Latino ethnic density for Latinos as a whole. There were subgroup effects wherein mortality risk differed by ethnic density category for Latinos born in some countries/regions. Residing in an area with ≥50% Latinos compared with <25% was associated with increased mortality risk for Latinos born in Puerto Rico (HR 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.01-2.70]). Residing in an area where Mexicans were the majority Latino group was associated with increased mortality risk for Latinos born in Mexico (HR 3.57; 95% CI [1.43-10.00]). CONCLUSIONS: The survival advantage seen among the Latino population in high Latino density areas was not seen among HIV-positive Latinos. Research is needed to determine if this may be related to stigma or another mechanism.