RESUMO
We examined tick communities on wild felid hosts in three ecoregions of Mexico. We collected 186 ticks of 7 species from 10 pumas (Puma concolor) and 9 jaguars (Panthera onca). Tick community composition varied across the ecoregions, and across host species within each region. Overall, Ixodes affinis, Amblyomma ovale, and Amblyomma tenellum were the most abundant species; however, only the latter two ticks were distributed across all three ecoregions, while I. affinis, along with Ixodes spinipalpis, Amblyomma inornatum, and Amblyomma parvum were restricted to more limited geographical regions. Ixodes affinis occurred strictly in southern tropical rainforest ecoregions and was significantly more abundant in Selva Lacandona compared with the Yucatán Peninsula. Amblyomma ovale was significantly more common in the tropical dry forest in the Pacific coastal ecoregion. Amblyomma tenellum abundance tended to be higher on jaguars, while I. affinis abundance was higher on pumas. Regional distribution patterns of some tick species (e.g., I. affinis and I. spinipalpis) may be determined by off-host environmental conditions rather than host factors. In contrast, at the local scale, occurrence and abundance of some tick species (e.g., A. tenellum, A. ovale and Rhipicephalus microplus) might be driven by ecological-host factors, such as habitat use or predator-prey relationships.
Assuntos
Ixodes , Panthera , Puma , Animais , México/epidemiologia , SimpatriaRESUMO
Although avian influenza (AI) virus of H5 and H7 subtypes has the potential to mutate to a highly pathogenic form and cause very high mortalities in some poultry species, most AI infections in poultry are due to low pathogenic AI (LPAI). Hence serological surveys, coupled with passive surveillance activities, are essential to detect sub-clinical infections by LPAI viruses, H5 and H7 subtypes. However the proper planning of an active surveillance system should be based on a careful estimation of its performance. Therefore, the sensitivity of the active surveillance system for AI in the western region of Cuba was assessed by a stochastic model quantifying the probability of revealing at least one animal infected by H5 or H7 subtype. The diagnostic sensitivity of the haemagglutination inhibition assay and different levels of within-flock prevalence (5%, 12% and 30%) were considered. The sensitivity of the surveillance system was then assessed under five different samples size scenarios: testing 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 animals in each flock. Poultry flock sites in the western region of Cuba with a size ranging from 10,000 to 335,000 birds were included in the study.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Animais , Aves , Cuba , Vírus da Influenza A/classificação , Influenza Aviária/sangue , Vigilância da População , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Rhizophora mangle aqueous bark extract (RMABE) (CIKRON-H), has been used as antiseptic and skin wound healing promoter. The present study was a randomised, single-blinded, placebo control trial conducted to asses the efficacy of RMABE in treating oral aphthous ulcers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients (n = 32) with aphthous ulcers were randomised to received placebo solution or RMABE topically, once a day, from Monday to Friday, until they healed. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by physician clinical observations (time to heal, change in condition), the quality of the patient's life and the tolerability through recording adverse effects. RESULTS: No demographic differences were noted between the two groups at base-line. Seven days after treatment, 12 of the 17 patients in the RMABE group (71%) were completely healed of their aphthous ulcers, with repaired mucosa and no symptoms of ulcers, compared with one in 15 patients in the placebo group (7%) (p < 0.0001). The time taken for the signs and symptoms of ulcers to diminish was also higher in the placebo than in RMABE-treatment group (erythema: placebo 10.54 +/- 1.24, RMABE 4.94 +/- 0.72 days, p = 0.0003; ardour: placebo 7.00 +/- 0.76, RMABE 2.93 +/- 0.49 days, p = 0.0001; and pain: placebo 7.43 +/- 1.21, RMABE 2.92 +/- 0.23 days, p = 0.0011). No subject showed any sign of adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: These observations demonstrate that the R. mangle aqueous bark extract reduced the time to repair mucosal tissue, erythema, ardour and pain persistence. There was no evidence any adverse effects. This is the first time that the R. mangle extract has been reported to have mouth mucosa healing properties.
Assuntos
Fitoterapia , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Rhizophoraceae/química , Estomatite Aftosa/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Placebos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Estomatite Aftosa/patologia , Estomatite Aftosa/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Este es el informe de un caso de coagulopatía inducida por aneurisma aórtico abdominal. Un hombre de 75 años de edad, admitido al hospital por presentar una masa abdominal pulsátil con diagnóstico previo de aneurisma aórtico abdominal infrarrenal, evidenciado por ultrasonido abdominal. Se realizaron estudios de laboratorio preoperatorios donde se corroboró anemia y trombocitopenia. El diagnóstico de CID se confirmó con base en resultados de estudios de coagulación. El paciente fue intervenido quirúrgicamente y la evolución postoperatoria fue exitosa con normalización de los niveles de hemoglobina, plaquetas y fibrinógeno. Se llevó seguimiento postoperatorio a un año, el cual mostró cambios secuenciales en los niveles de coagulación y fibrinógeno con resultados interesantes.