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BACKGROUND: Contradictory evidence exists regarding the clinical course of frozen shoulder (FS). OBJECTIVES: To explore the clinical course of FS regarding disabilities, pain, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, scapular upward rotation, and proprioception and to establish longitudinal correlations between these variables. METHODS: Patients with FS were prospectively followed for 9 months at 3-month intervals. Assessment included the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire; visual analogue scale for pain; an inclinometer for shoulder external rotation (ER), internal rotation (IR), flexion, and abduction ROM, and scapular upward rotation and proprioception, as well as handheld dynamometry for muscle strength in shoulder abduction, ER, and IR. RESULTS: Initially, 149 patients (98 females; mean (SD) age 53 (9) years) were included, with 88 completing all follow-up assessments. Most variables showed early improvement in the clinical course of FS, particularly ER and IR at 90° abduction, which continued to improve from 6 to 9 months of follow-up. Associations were observed between disabilities and pain (r = 0.61), disabilities/pain and ROM (r=-0.62 to -0.59 and r=-0.47 to -0.39, respectively), disabilities/pain and muscle strength (r=-0.24 to -0.35 and r=-0.36 to -0.17, respectively), and between disabilities/pain and scapular upward rotation below shoulder level (r = 0.23 to 0.38 and r = 0.24 to 0.30, respectively). ROM correlated with muscle strength (r = 0.14 to 0.44), while both ROM and ER muscle strength correlated with scapular upward rotation below shoulder level (r=-0.37 to -0.23 and r=-0.17 to -0.12, respectively). Muscle strength correlated with scapular upward rotation above shoulder level (r = 0.28 to 0.38) and lift-off muscle strength correlated with joint repositioning (r=-0.17 to -0.15). CONCLUSION: Almost all factors improved in the early phase (3-6 months) after baseline assessment, while ER and IR ROM at shoulder level continued to improve long term.

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BACKGROUND: Alterations in the spinal column and obesity are on the rise, causing great concern in health and educational strata. This paper aims to take a step further and study in detail the relationship of the presence of scoliotic hump in obese schoolchildren. OBJECTIVE: was to determine the relationship between prevalence of types of variables hump and sociodemographic, anthropometric, and functional-side dominance. METHODS: The sample consisted of 2,822 schoolchildren in Spain, analyzed in 2010 with an average age of 8.5 years (SD: 1.792). Analyzed for Adams test, BMI, Edinburgh inventory, deep flexion test, and demographic questionnaire, we used the SPSS 20.0 (descriptive and test multivariate binary logistic regression). RESULTS: The number of subjects who had scoliosis was 1,023 (36.3%), obesity occurred in 359 (12.7%) cases, and after regression including associations regarding gender, (adjusted OR: 2.044; 1.731-2.413), age (adjusted OR: 1.121; 1.070-1.174), presence of obesity (adjusted OR: 0.676; 0.518-0.882), and flexibility (adjusted OR: 1.015; 1.001-1.029). CONCLUSIONS: The female participants were twice as likely to have hump. The prevalence with respect to age indicates that any schoolchild with a year of chronological age has 1.12 times higher risk of developing hump and subjects carrying the school supplies backpack have less risk of hump.

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BACKGROUND: It is known that in the last decade, spinal disorders are increasing among children, and this generates high concern in areas of healthcare and educational stakeholders to develop preventative strategies to help curb this trend. This paper intends to go a step further in this direction and to explore factors associated with the presence of scoliosis hump, thus contributing to a better approach in the treatment and prevention of this disease in Mexican schools. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to analyze the prevalence of scoliosis, posture, laterality, obesity, early plant development, and deformity in schoolchildren aged 9-12 years of Ciudad Carmen (Mexico) and to check the possible relationship of the latter with the presence of hump scoliosis. METHODS: The sample consisted of 295 Mexican schoolchildren, analyzed in 2012, with an average age of 10.36 years (SD: 1,142); valued by Adams Test, Posture Kendall, BMI, Edinburgh inventory test, and plantogram sitting height. For analysis of the data, SPSS 20.0 was used. RESULTS: The number of subjects who had scoliosis was 42 (14.2%), improper posture occurred in 123 (41.7%) cases, 158 (53.5%) subjects were obese, in 63.7% maturational development had not started, most were skilled and had a normal foot type, and after the binary logistic regression analysis, the factors with a significant level of association with the presence of scoliosis were laying hump (Exp [B]: 5.569; 2.746-11.757), the type of foot (Exp [B]: 0151; 0.033-0.652), and age (Exp [B]: 242; 0.192-0.877). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of scoliosis among Mexican schoolchildren is similar to that found in other parts of the world. half of the school presented data from obesity and four in ten students had abnormal posture. Furthermore, the model indicated that subjects with correct posture were five-times less likely to develop scoliosis hump, that schoolchildren with normal feet were 14% less likely to have scoliosis, and that the risk increased with age.

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The Beighton test is the most commonly used tool for detecting ligamentous hiperlaxity, characterized by excessive joint mobility. This descriptive-transversal study examines a sample of 2956 children (49,9% boys and 50,1% girls), from eight to twelve years of age, living in the province of Granada, The study aims to show the incidence level of hiperlaxity among the school-aged population, while establishing its frequency in relation to gender and age, and determining the area with the highest number of cases within the province of Granada. The Beighton test was used for data collection. The sample showed that 25, 4% of individuals got a positive Beighton result (laxity), and girls had a higher incidence level (62,1%) than boys. The results show as well a similar level of incidence among boys and girls between eight and ten years of age; however, the incidence decreases among younger children (under 8 years). Regarding the geographical areas, the distribution is quite heterogeneous, but we were able to highlight the difference between a result of 50% in Area 4 and 12% in Area 2, due to genetic and racial factors. In conclusion, the results obtained through this study show a lower hiperlaxity incidence compared to the results found in the American continent and they are slightly higher than those from other European and African countries.