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BACKGROUND: Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Limb (CAUL) are a group of structural or functional abnormalities that develop during intrauterine life and can lead to limb dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of congenital anomalies of the upper limbs in Brazil and assess maternal and neonatal variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on congenital upper limb malformations among live births across Brazil. METHODS: The study spanned from 2010 to 2019. Data were sourced from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) portal. Analyses focused on the information reported in field 41 of the Live Birth Declaration Form entered into the computerized system. RESULTS: The most common anomaly in Brazil was supernumerary fingers, classified as ICD-Q69.0, affecting 11,708 children, with a prevalence of 4.02 per 10,000 live births. Mothers aged over 40 years had a 36% higher prevalence of having children with CAUL than mothers under 40 years old (OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.19-1.56). Newborns weighing ≥ 2,499 g were 2.64 times more likely to have CAUL compared to those weighing ≥ 2,500 g (OR = 2.64; 95% CI 2.55-2.73). CONCLUSION: There was an observed increase in the reporting of CAUL cases over the decade studied. This trend serves as an alert for health agencies, as understanding the prevalence of CAUL and its associated factors is crucial for preventive medicine.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Limb (CAUL) are a group of structural or functional abnormalities that develop during intrauterine life and can lead to limb dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of congenital anomalies of the upper limbs in Brazil and assess maternal and neonatal variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on congenital upper limb malformations among live births across Brazil. METHODS: The study spanned from 2010 to 2019. Data were sourced from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) portal. Analyses focused on the information reported in field 41 of the Live Birth Declaration Form entered into the computerized system. RESULTS: The most common anomaly in Brazil was supernumerary fingers, classified as ICD-Q69.0, affecting 11,708 children, with a prevalence of 4.02 per 10,000 live births. Mothers aged over 40 years had a 36% higher prevalence of having children with CAUL than mothers under 40 years old (OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.19-1.56). Newborns weighing ≥ 2,499 g were 2.64 times more likely to have CAUL compared to those weighing ≥ 2,500 g (OR = 2.64; 95% CI 2.55-2.73). CONCLUSION: There was an observed increase in the reporting of CAUL cases over the decade studied. This trend serves as an alert for health agencies, as understanding the prevalence of CAUL and its associated factors is crucial for preventive medicine.

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Objective The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of absence of palmaris longus tendon in a population sample from a multiethnic Brazilian city. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was carried out between October 2017 and April 2018. We included male and female volunteers aged 18 years or older. The absence of palmaris longus tendon was determined by asking the volunteers to perform the Schaeffer test bilaterally. Results We prospectively collected data on 1,008 volunteers, 531 male and 477 female, with age between 18 and 74 years (mean 38.4 years). The absence of palmaris longus tendon was observed in 264 (26.2%) volunteers. Bilateral absence was detected in 123 volunteers (12.2%), 60 female (48.8%) and 63 male (51.2%). Unilateral absence was found in 141 patients (14.0%), 54 female (38.2%) and 87 male (61.8%) ( p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of absence of palmaris longus tendon in our study was 26.2%. There was no statistically significant difference between gender and bilaterally. The absence of palmaris longus tendon was predominant on unilateral right side in males.

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Physical activity level (PAL) and sedentary behavior (SB) are independent predictors of mortality. It is unclear how these predictors interact with each other and health variables. Investigate the bidirectional relationship between PAL and SB, and their impact and health variables of women aged 60 to 70 years. One hundred forty-two older adults women (66.3 ± 2.9 years) considered insufficiently active were submitted to 14 weeks of multicomponent training (MT), multicomponent training with flexibility (TMF), or the control group (CG). PAL variables were analyzed by accelerometry and QBMI questionnaire, physical activity (PA) light, moderate, vigorous and CS by accelerometry, 6 min walk (CAM), SBP, BMI, LDL, HDL, uric acid, triglycerides, glucose and cholesterol total. In linear regressions, CS was associated with glucose (B:12.80; CI:9.31/20.50; p < 0.001; R2:0.45), light PA (B:3.10; CI:2, 41/4.76; p < 0.001; R2:0.57), NAF by accelerometer (B:8.21; CI:6.74/10.02; p < 0.001; R2:0.62), vigorous PA (B:794.03; CI:682.11/908.2; p < 0.001; R2:0.70), LDL (B:13.28; CI:7.45/16.75; p < 0.002; R2:0.71) and 6 min walk (B:3.39; CI:2.96/8.75; p < 0.004; R2:0.73). NAF was associated with mild PA (B:0.246; CI:0.130/0.275; p < 0.001; R2:0.624), moderate PA (B:0.763; CI:0.567/0.924; p < 0.001; R2:0.745), glucose (B:-0.437; CI:-0.789/-0.124; p < 0.001; R2:0.782), CAM (B:2.223; CI:1.872/4.985; p < 0.002; R2:0.989) and CS (B:0.253; CI: 0.189/0.512; p < 0.001; R2:1.94). The NAF can enhance CS. Build a new look at how these variables are independent but dependent simultaneously, being able to influence the quality of health when this dependence is denied.

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The main purpose of this research was to do an intraindividual comparison of outcomes between the open ulnar incision (OUI) and the Paine retinaculotome with palmar incision (PRWPI) techniques in patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The patients underwent OUI surgery on one hand and PRWPI surgery on the contralateral hand. The patients were evaluated with the Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire, visual analogue scale for pain, palmar grip strength, and fingertip, key, and tripod pinch strengths. Both hands were examined in the preoperative and postoperative periods after 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 and 6 months. Eighteen patients (36 hands) were evaluated. The symptoms severity scale (SSS) scores were higher, in the preoperative period, in the hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI ( p -value = 0,023), but lower in the 3rd month postoperative ( p -value = 0.030). The functional status scale (FSS) scores were lower in the periods of 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months ( p -value = 0,016) on the hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI. In a different two-group module study, the PRWPI group presents the SSS scores average on the 2nd week and 1st month, and the FSS scores average on the 2nd week, less 0.8 and 1.2 points respectively comported to open group. The hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI presented significantly lower SSS scores at 3 months postoperative, and lower FSS scores at 2 weeks, and 3 and 6 months postoperative, compared to open surgery group.

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Integrated agricultural systems have been greatly expanding in Brazil and currently cover over 30 million hectares. Although these land use systems help soil and environmental quality, little is known of their impacts on earthworm communities. In the present study we evaluated earthworm abundance, biomass and species richness in various integrated and conventional agricultural production systems (pasture, crops), as well as native forest and Eucalyptus plantations. The research was carried out at Fazenda Canchim (Embrapa Livestock Southeast) and at the neighboring campus of the University de São Carlos (UFSCar), in São Carlos municipality in São Paulo state, Brazil. Two earthworm sampling methods, i.e., quantitative (25 x 25 x 20 cm deep monoliths) and qualitative (holes of similar size and niche sampling), were used in three integrated production systems, three conventional systems and two forest systems, totaling 232 quantitative samples and over 160 qualitative samples. Earthworms were counted and identified using available keys. Eight earthworm species of five families (Rhinodrilidae, Ocnerodrilidae, Megascolecidae, Benhamiidae and Glossoscolecidae) were found, with most of the 2,145 individuals being exotic or peregrine species, particularly Pontoscolex corethrurus (88% of total) and various Dichogaster spp. (8% of total). Two native species were encountered in low abundance (55 individuals), both of which are new to science (Fimoscolex n.sp.7 and Glossoscolex n.sp.9) and must still be formally described. The new species were found in the agricultural systems, but not in the native forest and the Eucalyptus plantation, where P. corethrurus and Megascolecids predominated. One unidentified Ocnerodrilid sp. was found only in the intensive pasture. Species richness was highest in the intensive pasture (7 spp.), followed by the agrosilvopastoral and agropastoral systems, highlighting the importance of integrated and pastoral systems in preserving earthworm richness and native species.

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Abstract The main purpose of this research was to do an intraindividual comparison of outcomes between the open ulnar incision (OUI) and the Paine retinaculotome with palmar incision (PRWPI) techniques in patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The patients underwent OUI surgery on one hand and PRWPI surgery on the contralateral hand. The patients were evaluated with the Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire, visual analogue scale for pain, palmar grip strength, and fingertip, key, and tripod pinch strengths. Both hands were examined in the preoperative and postoperative periods after 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 and 6 months. Eighteen patients (36 hands) were evaluated. The symptoms severity scale (SSS) scores were higher, in the preoperative period, in the hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI (p-value =0,023), but lower in the 3rd month postoperative (p-value = 0.030). The functional status scale (FSS) scores were lower in the periods of 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months (p-value = 0,016) on the hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI. In a different two-group module study, the PRWPI group presents the SSS scores average on the 2nd week and 1st month, and the FSS scores average on the 2nd week, less 0.8 and 1.2 points respectively comported to open group. The hands that underwent surgery with PRWPI presented significantly lower SSS scores at 3 months postoperative, and lower FSS scores at 2 weeks, and 3 and 6 months postoperative, compared to open surgery group.

Resumo O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi fazer uma comparação intraindividual dos resultados entre as técnicas de incisão ulnar aberta e retinaculótomo de Paine com incisão palmar em pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC) bilateral. Os pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia aberta em uma mão e cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine na mão contralateral. Os pacientes foram avaliados com o Boston carpal tunnel questionnaire, escala visual analógica para dor e força de preensão palmar, pinça lateral, pinça polpa-polpa e trípode. As duas mãos foram examinadas antes da cirurgia e 2 semanas, 1 mês, 3 e 6 meses após a cirurgia. Dezoito pacientes (36 mãos) foram avaliados. As pontuações da escala de gravidade dos sintomas (EGS) foram maiores no pré-operatório nas mãos submetidas à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine (p = 0,023), mas menores no 3° mês após o procedimento (p = 0,030). As pontuações da escala de estado funcional (EEF) foram menores às 2 semanas, 3 meses e 6 meses (p = 0,016) nas mãos submetidas à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine. Em um estudo de módulo de diferença de dois grupos, o grupo submetido à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine apresentou pontuações médias de EGS na 2ª semana e 1° mês e de EEF na segunda semana inferiores a 0,8 e 1,2 pontos, respectivamente, em comparação ao grupo submetido ao procedimento aberto. As mãos submetidas à cirurgia com retinaculótomo de Paine apresentaram escores significativamente menores de EGS em 3 meses e de EEF em 2 semanas, e aos 3 e 6 meses após a cirurgia em comparação a técnica aberta.

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Abstract Objective The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of absence of palmaris longus tendon in a population sample from a multiethnic Brazilian city. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was carried out between October 2017 and April 2018. We included male and female volunteers aged 18 years or older. The absence of palmaris longus tendon was determined by asking the volunteers to perform the Schaeffer test bilaterally. Results We prospectively collected data on 1,008 volunteers, 531 male and 477 female, with age between 18 and 74 years (mean 38.4 years). The absence of palmaris longus tendon was observed in 264 (26.2%) volunteers. Bilateral absence was detected in 123 volunteers (12.2%), 60 female (48.8%) and 63 male (51.2%). Unilateral absence was found in 141 patients (14.0%), 54 female (38.2%) and 87 male (61.8%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of absence of palmaris longus tendon in our study was 26.2%. There was no statistically significant difference between gender and bilaterally. The absence of palmaris longus tendon was predominant on unilateral right side in males.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência de ausência de tendão palmaris longus em uma amostra populacional de uma cidade multiétnica brasileira. Métodos Um estudo observacional transversal foi realizado entre outubro de 2017 e abril de 2018. Incluímos voluntários dos sexos masculino e feminino com 18 anos ou mais. A ausência do tendão palmaris longus foi determinada pedindo aos voluntários que realizassem o teste de Schaeffer bilateralmente. Resultados Foram coletados prospectivamente dados de 1.008 voluntários, 531 homens e 477 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 74 anos (média de 38,4 anos). A ausência do tendão palmaris longus foi observada em 264 (26,2%) voluntários. A ausência bilateral foi detectada em 123 voluntários (12,2%), 60 mulheres (48,8%) e 63 homens (51,2%). A ausência unilateral foi encontrada em 141 pacientes (14,0%), 54 mulheres (38,2%) e 87 homens (61,8%) (p<0,05). Conclusão A prevalência de ausência do tendão palmaris longus em nosso estudo foi de 26,2%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa bilateralmente e entre gêneros. A ausência do tendão palmaris longus foi predominante no lado direito unilateral no sexo masculino.

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The application of trinexapac-ethyl in white oats, in addition to controlling lodging, can modify the architecture of the plant, which can favor good growth and development and the production of well-formed, large and heavy grains, characteristics that are valued by the food industry oat processing. However, the responses of the white oat genotypes regarding the effect of doses and times of application of the growth reducer can be variable. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses and application times of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on the industrial quality of white oat grains. The experiment was carried out with the cultivar IPR Artemis, under a randomized block design with four replications, in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to four doses of trinexapac-ethyl (0, 50, 100 and 150 g ha-1) and three application times (E1: plants with the 1st noticeable node; E2: between the 1st visible node and the 2nd noticeable node and E3: plants with the 2nd visible node and 3rd noticeable node). The weight of one thousand grains, hectoliter weight, percentage of grains with thickness greater than two millimeters, husking index and industrial grain yield were evaluated. The application of trinexapac-ethyl regardless of the stages at doses of 0 and 50 g ha-1 does not interfere with the industrial quality of grains, but at doses of 100 and 150 g ha-1, at times E2 and E3, there is a reduction in industrial quality of grains (weight of a thousand grains, hectoliter weight, percentage of grains thicker than two millimeters, hulling and industrial grain yield) of the cultivar IPR Artemis.

A aplicação de trinexapac-ethyl em aveia branca, além de controlar o acamamento pode modificar a arquitetura da planta, o que pode favorecer o bom crescimento e desenvolvimento e a produção de grãos bem formados, grandes e pesados, características que são valorizadas pela indústria de processamento de aveia. No entanto, as respostas dos genótipos de aveia branca quanto ao efeito de doses e épocas de aplicação do redutor de crescimento podem ser variáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses e épocas de aplicação do regulador de crescimento trinexapac-ethyl sob a qualidade industrial de grãos de aveia branca. O experimento foi conduzido com a cultivar IPR Artemis, em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, correspondendo a quatro doses de trinexapac-ethyl (0, 50, 100 e 150 g ha-1) e três épocas de aplicação (E1: plantas com o 1º nó visível; E2: entre o 1º nó visível e o 2º nó perceptível e E3: plantas com o 2º nó visível e 3º nó perceptível). Foram avaliados o peso de mil grãos, peso hectolitro, porcentagem de grãos com espessura maior que dois milímetros, índice de descasque e rendimento industrial de grãos. A aplicação de trinexapac-ethyl independente dos estádios nas doses de 0 e 50 g ha-1 não interfere na qualidade industrial de grãos, porém nas doses de 100 e 150 g ha-1, nas épocas E2 e E3, ocorre redução da qualidade industrial dos grãos (peso de mil grãos, peso hectolitro, porcentagem de grãos com espessura superior a dois milímetros, descasque e produtividade industrial de grãos) da cultivar IPR Artemis.

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PURPOSE: Various postoperative protocols have been proposed to improve outcomes and accelerate nerve regeneration. Recently, the use of physical exercise in a post-surgical neurorraphy procedure has shown good results when started early. We experimentally investigated the hypothesis that post-operative exercise speeds up results and improves clinical and morphologic parameters. METHODS: Isogenic rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1 SHAM; 2 SHAM submitted to the exercise protocol (EP); 3 Grafting of the sciatic nerve; and 4 Grafting of the sciatic nerve associated with the EP. The EP was based on aerobic activities with a treadmill, with a progressive increase in time and intensity during 6 weeks. The results were evaluated by the sciatic functional index (SFI), morphometric and morphologic analysis of nerve distal to the lesion, and the number of spinal cord motor neurons, positive to the marker Fluoro-Gold (FG), captured retrogradely through neurorraphy. RESULTS: Functional analysis (SFI) did not show a statistical difference between the group grafted with (-50.94) and without exercise (-65.79) after 90 days. The motoneurons count (Spinal cord histology) also showed no diference between these groups (834.5 × 833 respectively). Although functionally there is no difference between these groups, morphometric study showed a greater density (53.62) and larger fibers (7.762) in GRAFT group. When comparing both operated groups with both SHAM groups, all values were much lower. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental model that this aerobic treadmill exercises protocol did not modify nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury and repair with nerve graft.

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