RESUMO

Los "preprint" o pre-publicaciones (PP) son el manuscrito final y completo de una investigación, disponible en formato abierto y que aún no fue revisada por pares. Esta modalidad acelera el tiempo de presentación de resultados, permite enriquecer la versión final con contribuciones de lectores, pero no son aún investigaciones respaldadas por revisión de pares. Aunque ya conocidos, desde la pandemia COVID-19 los PP han cobrado cada vez más importancia en investigación clínica. Desde 2020, PubMed Central (PMC), y por lo tanto PubMed, incluye PP sobre investigaciones financiadas por los National Institutes of Health (NIH) y que figuren en repositorios seleccionados. Conocer la proporción de PP que alcanzan la publicación luego de la revisión por pares podría dar una idea de la validez de este formato. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to compare muscle strength in male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with and without low plasma testosterone levels and assess the relationship between muscle strength, testosterone levels, and proinflammatory cytokines. Males (75) aged between 18 and 65 years were divided into 3 groups: control group that did not have diabetes and had a normal testosterone plasma level (>250 ng/dL), DnormalTT group that had DM2 with normal testosterone levels, and the DlowTT group that had DM2 and low plasma testosterone levels (<250 ng/dL). The age (means±SD) of the groups was 48.4±10, 52.6±7, and 54.6±7 years, respectively. Isokinetic concentric and isometric torque of knee flexors and extensors were analyzed by an isokinetic dynamometer. Plasma testosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels were determined by chemiluminescence and ELISA, respectively. Glycemic control was analyzed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). In general, concentric and isometric torques were lower and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1ß plasma levels were higher in the groups with diabetes than in controls. There was no correlation between testosterone level and knee torques or proinflammatory cytokines. Concentric and isometric knee flexion and extension torque were negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-6, and HbA1C. IL-6 and TNF-α were positively correlated with HbA1C. The results of this study demonstrated that muscle strength was not associated with testosterone levels in men with DM2. Low muscle strength was associated with inflammatory markers and poor glycemic control.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Com o grande destaque dado para as mudanças climáticas nas últimas décadas, a busca por sistemas de cultivo sustentáveis e equilibrados tem crescido junto com a busca pela conservação do solo e redução do uso de insumos agrícolas inorgânicos. À vista disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência de diferentes culturas consorciadas e em sucessão nos atributos físico-químicos de um Latossolo argiloso em condições de Cerrado. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 e com quatro repetições: semeadura de milho em espaçamento de 0,45 m ou 0,90 m, consorciado com capim-xaraés ou capim-tanzânia, seguido da manutenção da pastagem das forrageiras na área adubadas ou não com 250 kg/ha de N (parcelados em 5 aplicações), e sucedido por soja. Foram determinados os atributos químicos e físicos do solo, resistência mecânica à penetração, umidade gravimétrica e estoque de carbono do solo em quatro épocas: antes da instalação dos consórcios, após a colheita do milho, após a dessecação das pastagens e após a colheita da soja. As parcelas com maior produtividade de matéria seca foram as que resultaram em aumento no teor de matéria orgânica e estoque de carbono do solo e maior ciclagem de nutrientes das camadas mais profundas. Não houve influência do espaçamento do milho nos atributos físicos e químicos do solo. O uso de diferentes espécies simultaneamente na área resulta em redução na resistência mecânica a penetração e aumento da porosidade do solo pelo crescimento diferenciado das raízes.(AU)

Because of the great emphasis on climate change in recent decades, the search for sustainable and balanced cropping systems has grown along with the search for soil conservation and reduced use of inorganic farm inputs. From this view, the research was to study the influence of different intercropping and succession in the physical and chemical attributes of a clayey Oxisol in the Cerrado conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments: maize seeding spacing of 0.45 m or 0.90 m, intercropped with Xaraés grass or Tanzânia grass, followed by fodder pasture maintenance in the area fertilized or not with 250 kg/ha N (split in 5 applications), and succeeded by soybeans. It was determined the chemical and physical soil attributes, mechanical resistance to penetration, gravimetric humidity and stock of carbon of the soil in four periods: before installing the consortia, after the maize harvest, after drying out the pastures and after soybean harvest. The plots with higher dry matter yield were those that resulted in an increase in organic matter content, soil stock of carbon and greater cycling of nutrients from deeper layers. There was no influence of corn spacing on the physical and chemical soil properties. The use of different species simultaneously in the area results in a reduction in the penetration resistance and increase of the porosity of the soil by differential growth of the roots.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Com o grande destaque dado para as mudanças climáticas nas últimas décadas, a busca por sistemas de cultivo sustentáveis e equilibrados tem crescido junto com a busca pela conservação do solo e redução do uso de insumos agrícolas inorgânicos. À vista disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência de diferentes culturas consorciadas e em sucessão nos atributos físico-químicos de um Latossolo argiloso em condições de Cerrado. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 e com quatro repetições: semeadura de milho em espaçamento de 0,45 m ou 0,90 m, consorciado com capim-xaraés ou capim-tanzânia, seguido da manutenção da pastagem das forrageiras na área adubadas ou não com 250 kg/ha de N (parcelados em 5 aplicações), e sucedido por soja. Foram determinados os atributos químicos e físicos do solo, resistência mecânica à penetração, umidade gravimétrica e estoque de carbono do solo em quatro épocas: antes da instalação dos consórcios, após a colheita do milho, após a dessecação das pastagens e após a colheita da soja. As parcelas com maior produtividade de matéria seca foram as que resultaram em aumento no teor de matéria orgânica e estoque de carbono do solo e maior ciclagem de nutrientes das camadas mais profundas. Não houve influência do espaçamento do milho nos atributos físicos e químicos do solo. O uso de diferentes espécies simultaneamente na área resulta em redução na resistência mecânica a penetração e aumento da porosidade do solo pelo crescimento diferenciado das raízes.

Because of the great emphasis on climate change in recent decades, the search for sustainable and balanced cropping systems has grown along with the search for soil conservation and reduced use of inorganic farm inputs. From this view, the research was to study the influence of different intercropping and succession in the physical and chemical attributes of a clayey Oxisol in the Cerrado conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments: maize seeding spacing of 0.45 m or 0.90 m, intercropped with Xaraés grass or Tanzânia grass, followed by fodder pasture maintenance in the area fertilized or not with 250 kg/ha N (split in 5 applications), and succeeded by soybeans. It was determined the chemical and physical soil attributes, mechanical resistance to penetration, gravimetric humidity and stock of carbon of the soil in four periods: before installing the consortia, after the maize harvest, after drying out the pastures and after soybean harvest. The plots with higher dry matter yield were those that resulted in an increase in organic matter content, soil stock of carbon and greater cycling of nutrients from deeper layers. There was no influence of corn spacing on the physical and chemical soil properties. The use of different species simultaneously in the area results in a reduction in the penetration resistance and increase of the porosity of the soil by differential growth of the roots.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to compare muscle strength in male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with and without low plasma testosterone levels and assess the relationship between muscle strength, testosterone levels, and proinflammatory cytokines. Males (75) aged between 18 and 65 years were divided into 3 groups: control group that did not have diabetes and had a normal testosterone plasma level (>250 ng/dL), DnormalTT group that had DM2 with normal testosterone levels, and the DlowTT group that had DM2 and low plasma testosterone levels (<250 ng/dL). The age (means±SD) of the groups was 48.4±10, 52.6±7, and 54.6±7 years, respectively. Isokinetic concentric and isometric torque of knee flexors and extensors were analyzed by an isokinetic dynamometer. Plasma testosterone and proinflammatory cytokine levels were determined by chemiluminescence and ELISA, respectively. Glycemic control was analyzed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). In general, concentric and isometric torques were lower and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β plasma levels were higher in the groups with diabetes than in controls. There was no correlation between testosterone level and knee torques or proinflammatory cytokines. Concentric and isometric knee flexion and extension torque were negatively correlated with TNF-α, IL-6, and HbA1C. IL-6 and TNF-α were positively correlated with HbA1C. The results of this study demonstrated that muscle strength was not associated with testosterone levels in men with DM2. Low muscle strength was associated with inflammatory markers and poor glycemic control.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The search for pasture alternatives in livestock farming has focused on options that maximize soil use without exhausting its chemical and physical qualities. Integrated crop-livestock systems (SIPA in the Portuguese acronym) have called the attention of producers since they are economically and ecologically viable. The objective of this study was to measure the influence of corn plant spacing (0.45 and 0.90 m) in forage intercrops (Xaraes or Tanzania grass) on the quality of wet grain silage. A random block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme was used, with eight repetitions consisting of the following treatments: corn planted at a row spacing of 0.45 m and intercropped with Xaraes grass; corn planted at 0.90 m and intercropped with Xaraes grass; corn planted at 0.45 m and intercropped with Tanzania grass, and corn planted at 0.90 m and intercropped with Tanzania grass. The contents of dry matter percentage, crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and soluble carbohydrate and buffering capacity were determined before ensiling and in silage. Ether extract, neutral/acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, pH and in vitro dry matter digestibility were only evaluated in silage. All intercropping modalities studied (forages and spacing) were viable, providing wet grain silage of good quality. However, intercropping of corn with Tanzania grass at a spacing of 0.90 m resulted in higher ether extract content, lower lignin content, and greater digestibility.

A busca por alternativas ao pasto na pecuária tem focado em opções que permitam o uso maximizado do solo sem o esgotamento das qualidades químicas e físicas. O Sistema Integrado de Produção Agropecuária (SIPA) tem chamado a atenção dos produtores por ser econômica como ecologicamente viável. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar a influência de espaçamentos de semeadura do milho (0,45 e 0,90 m) em consórcios com forrageiras (capim Xaraés ou capim Tanzânia) na qualidade da silagem de milho de grãos úmidos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um fatorial 2 x 2 com oito repetições, composto pelos seguintes tratamentos: milho semeado a 0,45 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Xaraés; milho semeado a 0,90 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Xaraés; milho semeado a 0,45 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Tanzânia; e milho semeado a 0,90 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Tanzânia. A porcentagem de matéria seca e os teores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido, lignina, celulose, hemicelulose, cinzas, carboidratos solúveis e poder tampão foram determinados tanto no material antes da ensilagem como na silagem. Os teores de extrato etéreo, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido e neutro, nitrogênio amoniacal, pH e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca foram determinados apenas na silagem. Todas as modalidade de consórcio estudado (forrageiras e espaçamentos) foram viáveis em proporcionar silagem de grãos úmidos de boa qualidade, embora o consórcio com capim Tanzânia em espaçamento de 0,90 m proporciou maior teor de extrato etéreo, menor teor de lignina e maior digestibilidade.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The search for pasture alternatives in livestock farming has focused on options that maximize soil use without exhausting its chemical and physical qualities. Integrated crop-livestock systems (SIPA in the Portuguese acronym) have called the attention of producers since they are economically and ecologically viable. The objective of this study was to measure the influence of corn plant spacing (0.45 and 0.90 m) in forage intercrops (Xaraes or Tanzania grass) on the quality of wet grain silage. A random block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme was used, with eight repetitions consisting of the following treatments: corn planted at a row spacing of 0.45 m and intercropped with Xaraes grass; corn planted at 0.90 m and intercropped with Xaraes grass; corn planted at 0.45 m and intercropped with Tanzania grass, and corn planted at 0.90 m and intercropped with Tanzania grass. The contents of dry matter percentage, crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and soluble carbohydrate and buffering capacity were determined before ensiling and in silage. Ether extract, neutral/acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen, pH and in vitro dry matter digestibility were only evaluated in silage. All intercropping modalities studied (forages and spacing) were viable, providing wet grain silage of good quality. However, intercropping of corn with Tanzania grass at a spacing of 0.90 m resulted in higher ether extract content, lower lignin content, and greater digestibility.(AU)

A busca por alternativas ao pasto na pecuária tem focado em opções que permitam o uso maximizado do solo sem o esgotamento das qualidades químicas e físicas. O Sistema Integrado de Produção Agropecuária (SIPA) tem chamado a atenção dos produtores por ser econômica como ecologicamente viável. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar a influência de espaçamentos de semeadura do milho (0,45 e 0,90 m) em consórcios com forrageiras (capim Xaraés ou capim Tanzânia) na qualidade da silagem de milho de grãos úmidos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em um fatorial 2 x 2 com oito repetições, composto pelos seguintes tratamentos: milho semeado a 0,45 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Xaraés; milho semeado a 0,90 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Xaraés; milho semeado a 0,45 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Tanzânia; e milho semeado a 0,90 m entrelinhas e consorciado com capim Tanzânia. A porcentagem de matéria seca e os teores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido, lignina, celulose, hemicelulose, cinzas, carboidratos solúveis e poder tampão foram determinados tanto no material antes da ensilagem como na silagem. Os teores de extrato etéreo, nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido e neutro, nitrogênio amoniacal, pH e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca foram determinados apenas na silagem. Todas as modalidade de consórcio estudado (forrageiras e espaçamentos) foram viáveis em proporcionar silagem de grãos úmidos de boa qualidade, embora o consórcio com capim Tanzânia em espaçamento de 0,90 m proporciou maior teor de extrato etéreo, menor teor de lignina e maior digestibilidade.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is related to inflammation and cardiovascular disease. The increase in saturated fatty acid intake (SFA) can potentiate cardiovascular risks. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of change in SFA on carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), metabolic profile and anti/pro-inflammatory adipokines in obese adolescents. METHODS: Sixty obese adolescents were subjected to 1 year of interdisciplinary intervention (nutrition, psychology, physical exercise and clinical therapy). Blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, leptin and adiponectin were analysed. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR and HOMA-AD. cIMT was measured by ultrasonography. Dietetic intake was calculated by 3-day dietary record. Volunteers were analysed according to tertiles of change (Δ) in SFA intake: Low-SFA reduction<3.68 g; Moderate-SFA reduction 3.68-13.67 g; and High-SFA reduction>13.67 g. RESULTS: Moderate and High-SFA tertiles presented reduction in insulin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, cIMT and increase in adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio. Adiponectin/leptin ratio was predictor of cIMT. HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol reduced only in High-SFA tertile, and was associated with SFA independent of visceral fat. Negative correlations between Δ of SFA and adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio were observed. CONCLUSION: Obese adolescents with moderate and high reduction in SFA presented improvements on pro/anti-inflammatory biomarkers and cIMT, leading to reduction in cardiovascular risks.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Infectious laryngotracheitis is a very important respiratory disease because it causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. The target of ILTV infections is the respiratory system, and the main organ in which the virus remains latent is the trigeminal ganglia. However, the virus has demonstrated tropism for other organs as well. The present study was conducted to determine the presence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) in the state of São Paulo. Samples submitted to LABOR- USP during the last four years (2009-2013) analyzed by a nested/PCR technique. Out of the 682 samples from layers tested for LTIV, 12.46 % were positive, and derived from in both traditional (trachea and trigeminal ganglion) and untraditional (cecal tonsils, digestive tract and kidneys) organs utilized for ILTV diagnosis. The present work showed that ILTV is circulating in commercial layer flocks in São Paulo State, and that the LTIV is present in other organs in addition to the respiratory tract and trigeminal ganglion; however, it was not determined if the circulating virus is a vaccinal or field strain.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Infectious laryngotracheitis is a very important respiratory disease because it causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. The target of ILTV infections is the respiratory system, and the main organ in which the virus remains latent is the trigeminal ganglia. However, the virus has demonstrated tropism for other organs as well. The present study was conducted to determine the presence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) in the state of São Paulo. Samples submitted to LABOR- USP during the last four years (2009-2013) analyzed by a nested/PCR technique. Out of the 682 samples from layers tested for LTIV, 12.46 % were positive, and derived from in both traditional (trachea and trigeminal ganglion) and untraditional (cecal tonsils, digestive tract and kidneys) organs utilized for ILTV diagnosis. The present work showed that ILTV is circulating in commercial layer flocks in São Paulo State, and that the LTIV is present in other organs in addition to the respiratory tract and trigeminal ganglion; however, it was not determined if the circulating virus is a vaccinal or field strain.(AU)

Assuntos