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The role and prognostic value of tetraspanins (TSPANs) in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) remain poorly understood. We sought to primarily determine, at both the molecular and tissue level, the expression profile of the TSPANs CD9, CD63, CD81, and CD82 in archived VSCC samples (n = 117) and further investigate their clinical relevance as prognostic markers. Our studies led us to identify CD63 as the most highly expressed TSPAN, at the gene and protein levels. Multicomparison studies also revealed that the expression of CD9 was associated with tumor size, whereas CD63 upregulation was associated with histological diagnosis and vascular invasion. Moreover, low expression of CD81 and CD82 was associated with worse prognosis. To determine the role of TSPANs in VSCC at the cellular level, we assessed the mRNA levels of CD63 and CD82 in established metastatic (SW962) and non-metastatic (SW954) VSCC human cell lines. CD82 was found to be downregulated in SW962 cells, thus supporting its metastasis suppressor role. However, CD63 was significantly upregulated in both cell lines. Silencing of CD63 by siRNA led to a significant decrease in proliferation of both SW954 and SW962. Furthermore, in SW962 particularly, CD63-siRNA also remarkably inhibited cell migration. Altogether, our data suggest that the differential expression of TSPANs represents an important feature for prognosis of VSCC patients and indicates that CD63 and CD82 are likely potential therapeutic targets in VSCC.

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Our aim was to evaluate the effects of exposure to tannery wastewater on mortality and/or antioxidant enzyme system in adult wild-type Canton-S Drosophila melanogaster. Exposure to tannery wastewater induced a concentration-dependent lethality in adult Canton-S flies. Tannery wastewater was able to alter antioxidant enzyme activities, specifically glutathione peroxidase-like and glutathione S-transferase, in adult Canton-S D. melanogaster. We conclude that D. melanogaster is a reliable model to evaluate the toxicity induced by tannery wastewater.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition resulting from exposure to a traumatic event. It is characterized by several debilitating symptoms including re-experiencing the past trauma, avoidance behavior, increased fear, and hyperarousal. Key roles in the neuropathology of PTSD and its symptomatology have been attributed to the hippocampus and amygdala. These regions are involved in explicit memory processes and context encoding during fear conditioning. The aim of our study was to investigate whether PTSD is capable of altering the morphology, density and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astrocytes from the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the medial amygdala and correlate the data obtained with the orientation index of the polarity of astrocytes. Thirty male rats were divided in two groups: control (n = 15) and PTSD (n = 15). The inescapable shock protocol, in which the animals are exposed to a single episode of footshock, was used to induce PTSD. Our results show that, in the hippocampus, PTSD is capable of decreasing the density of GFAP+ astrocytes as well as altering astrocytic morphology, as shown by the reductions observed in the total number of primary processes, in the number of primary processes in the lateral quadrants, and the degree of branching in the lateral quadrants. The analysis of the orientation index indicates that PTSD alters the polarity of hippocampal astrocytes. No alterations were observed in the amygdala astrocytes. Therefore, this study demonstrates notable changes in hippocampal astrocytes, supporting the concept that these cells play an important role in PTSD symptomatology.

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The purpose of this paper is to establish criteria that could guide the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of caninemammary neoplasias. It was elaborated during the Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment ofthe Canine Mammary Neoplasia, held on November 6th and 7th, 2010 in Belo Horizonte – MG, Brazil. Academics fromseveral regions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work. After three years, a new discussion was foundnecessary in order to address important questions: 1 - Have Brazilian DVMs applied the consensus? 2 - What were the maindifficulties in applying the consensus? 3 - What were the obtained results? 4 - What were the main differences among thevarious oncology services/groups? 5 - How could the criteria be improved and uniformed? A spreadsheet that allowed datacollection and an abstract was submitted by each oncology service/group from various parts of the country. Based on theabstracts we identified the main differences in diagnosis and therapeutic conducts among the groups. These differences haveguided the discussions of the II Mammary Pathology Meeting and the publication of a second consensus that has beenrevised and updated. The II Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of the Canine mamaryNeoplasia, was held on December 9th, 10thand 11th, 2013 in Belo Horizonte – MG, sponsored by the Laboratory ofComparative Pathology of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), with the support of the Brazilian Associationof Veterinary Pathology (ABPV) and Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET). Academics from severalregions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work.

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The purpose of this study was to analyse epidemiologic and pathological data related to clinical evaluation of dogs with mammary tumors admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.[...]

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The purpose of this study was to analyse epidemiologic and pathological data related to clinical evaluation of dogs with mammary tumors admitted at the Veterinary Hospital of UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.[...](AU)

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The purpose of this paper is to establish criteria that could guide the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of caninemammary neoplasias. It was elaborated during the Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment ofthe Canine Mammary Neoplasia, held on November 6th and 7th, 2010 in Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil. Academics fromseveral regions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work. After three years, a new discussion was foundnecessary in order to address important questions: 1 - Have Brazilian DVMs applied the consensus? 2 - What were the maindifficulties in applying the consensus? 3 - What were the obtained results? 4 - What were the main differences among thevarious oncology services/groups? 5 - How could the criteria be improved and uniformed? A spreadsheet that allowed datacollection and an abstract was submitted by each oncology service/group from various parts of the country. Based on theabstracts we identified the main differences in diagnosis and therapeutic conducts among the groups. These differences haveguided the discussions of the II Mammary Pathology Meeting and the publication of a second consensus that has beenrevised and updated. The II Mammary Pathology Meeting: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of the Canine mamaryNeoplasia, was held on December 9th, 10thand 11th, 2013 in Belo Horizonte MG, sponsored by the Laboratory ofComparative Pathology of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), with the support of the Brazilian Associationof Veterinary Pathology (ABPV) and Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET). Academics from severalregions of Brazil were present and contributed to this work.(AU)

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A histiocitose maligna sistêmica é uma proliferação de histiócitos que acomete cães idosos de raças grandes e que geralmente ocorre na pele e vísceras. Os sinais clínicos variam e são inespecíficos. A quimioterapia prolonga a sobrevida do paciente, porém esta neoplasia tem alta taxa de metástase e prognóstico pobre. Este relato descreve um caso de histiocitose maligna sistêmica em um cão fêmea da raça Rottweiler, cuja evolução clínica foi rápida e com agravamento provocado pelas inúmeras metástases. Clinicamente o cão apresentou emagrecimento progressivo, dificuldade respiratória e nódulos ulcerados na pele. A radiografia torácica indicou múltiplos nódulos radiopacos pulmonares. A quimioterapia empregada não foi considerada eficaz. O animal apresentou progressão da doença e foi submetido à eutanásia. Foi realizada a necropsia tendo sido observado presença de nódulos na pele, pulmões, rins, cavidade abdominal e linfonodos. O exame histopatológico concluiu que se tratava dehistiocitose(AU)

Malignant histiocytosis is a proliferation of histiocitic cells occurring in older dogs of large breeds.Lesions may occur in the skin and internal organs. Clinical signs are unspecific. The clinical course of the disease is usually rapid and fatal. Chemotherapy may promote temporary remission and it could prolong survival time. This disease is highly metastatic and has a poor prognostic. The case of a female Rottweiler with malignant histiocytosis is reported in this paper. The systemic disease progressed rapidly. Clinically the dog showed weight loss, dyspnea and ulcerated skin lesions. There was evidence of multiple pulmonary nodules. The chemotherapy was not considered efficient. The dog developed progressive disease and was euthanized. At necropsy, the presence of nodules in skin, lungs, kidneys, abdominal cavity and lymph nodeswere observed(AU)

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A histiocitose maligna sistêmica é uma proliferação de histiócitos que acomete cães idosos de raças grandes e que geralmente ocorre na pele e vísceras. Os sinais clínicos variam e são inespecíficos. A quimioterapia prolonga a sobrevida do paciente, porém esta neoplasia tem alta taxa de metástase e prognóstico pobre. Este relato descreve um caso de histiocitose maligna sistêmica em um cão fêmea da raça Rottweiler, cuja evolução clínica foi rápida e com agravamento provocado pelas inúmeras metástases. Clinicamente o cão apresentou emagrecimento progressivo, dificuldade respiratória e nódulos ulcerados na pele. A radiografia torácica indicou múltiplos nódulos radiopacos pulmonares. A quimioterapia empregada não foi considerada eficaz. O animal apresentou progressão da doença e foi submetido à eutanásia. Foi realizada a necropsia tendo sido observado presença de nódulos na pele, pulmões, rins, cavidade abdominal e linfonodos. O exame histopatológico concluiu que se tratava dehistiocitose

Malignant histiocytosis is a proliferation of histiocitic cells occurring in older dogs of large breeds.Lesions may occur in the skin and internal organs. Clinical signs are unspecific. The clinical course of the disease is usually rapid and fatal. Chemotherapy may promote temporary remission and it could prolong survival time. This disease is highly metastatic and has a poor prognostic. The case of a female Rottweiler with malignant histiocytosis is reported in this paper. The systemic disease progressed rapidly. Clinically the dog showed weight loss, dyspnea and ulcerated skin lesions. There was evidence of multiple pulmonary nodules. The chemotherapy was not considered efficient. The dog developed progressive disease and was euthanized. At necropsy, the presence of nodules in skin, lungs, kidneys, abdominal cavity and lymph nodeswere observed

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A lomustina é um agente quimioterápico que vem sendo utilizado no tratamento do mastocitomacanino. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos mielotóxicos induzidos por essa droga duranteo tratamento. Foram avaliados seis cães com mastocitoma utilizando lomustina. Três cães foramtratados de forma adjuvante a cirurgia, sendo dois de grau II e um de grau III e três cães de formapaliativa de grau III. Foram realizados exames clínicos gerais, hemograma completo, dosagem séricade alalino aminotransferase (ALT), fosfatase alcalina, ureia e creatinina. Dois cães apresentaram mielossupressão,com leucopenia e neutrofi lia, na primeira semana após a quimioterapia, retornando aosvalores normais na terceira semana, sem apresentar febre. Foi iniciado antibioticoterapia em ambosos animais e a dosagem posterior de lomustina foi reduzida em 30%. Os demais exames não apresentaramalterações. Os efeitos colaterais do tratamento do mastocitoma com lomustina se mostraramaceitáveis, havendo a necessidade de acompanhamento hematológico e bioquímico desses animais(AU)

The lomustine is a chemotherapic agent that has been used in the treatment of canine mast cell tumor.The odd of this paper is evaluate the myelosuppression caused by lomustine in the treatment of Mastcell Tumor (MCT) in dogs. Three dogs were treated with surgery and adjuvante chemotherapy, beingtwo grade II and one grade III and three dogs with grade III were treated with palliative chemotherapy.It was realized haemogram and plasm dosage of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase,creatinine and urea. Two dogs presented myelossuppression with leukopenia and neutropenia in thefi rst week after the chemotherapy, returning to the normal value in the third week, without fever. Theboth dogs were treated with antibiotic therapy and the posterior dosage of lomustine was reduced in30%. The others exams didnt presented any alteration. The adverse effect of the treatment of MCTwith lomustine showed acceptable and the patients have to be monitoring with haematological and biochemistry of these animals(AU)

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