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The composting technique has been increasingly highlighted in poultry production units, as an efficient and low-cost solution for the destination of carcasses. The process is based on the accelerated decomposition of organic material under high temperatures, associated with eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and the time necessary for the elimination of Salmonella Gallinarum in carcasses of poultry submitted to the composting process. The composting was carried out following the models used in the field, and microbiological analysis was performed in five different periods: 45, 90, 120, 150 and 180-days after closing the composter. After 90 days of experiment and in the subsequent analysis, the elimination of the bacteria in 100% of the samples was verified, validating the composting process as an effective method for eliminating S. Gallinarum in poultry carcasses, when respecting the period necessary for the elimination of the bacteria and the good quality of the structure adopted for the process.(AU)

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Considering that plasmid conjugation is a major driver for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria, this study aimed to investigate the effects of residual concentrations of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry litter on the frequencies of IncFII-FIB plasmid conjugation among Escherichia coli organisms. A 2 × 5 factorial trial was performed in vitro, using two types of litter materials (sugarcane bagasse and wood shavings) and five treatments of litter: non-treated (CON), herbal alkaloid sanguinarine (SANG), AGPs monensin (MON), lincomycin (LCM) and virginiamycin (VIR). E. coli H2332 and E. coli J62 were used as donor and recipient strains, respectively. The presence of residues of monensin, lincomycin and virginiamycin increased the frequency of plasmid conjugation among E. coli in both types of litter materials. On the contrary, sanguinarine significantly reduced the frequency of conjugation among E. coli in sugarcane bagasse litter. The conjugation frequencies were significantly higher in wood shavings compared with sugarcane bagasse only in the presence of AGPs. Considering that the presence of AGPs in the litter can increase the conjugation of IncFII-FIB plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes, the real impact of this phenomenon on the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the poultry production chain must be investigated.

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AIMS: E-cadherin, the main epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule, is abnormally expressed in many cancer types, including gastric carcinoma, which is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The aim of this study was to contribute to the characterisation of gastric carcinoma histotypes based on a new approach to E-cadherin immunoexpression. METHODS: 97 gastric tumour samples obtained from the files of the Hospital of Cancer/Cancer Institute of Ceará, Brazil, were histologically analysed and classified as intestinal (n=40), diffuse (n=34), mixed (n=16) or unclassified (n=7) carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue microarray sections. Scores were applied according to the system of Jawhari: 0, no staining; 1, cytoplasmic staining; 2, cytoplasmic and membranous staining in the same case; 3, normal membranous immunoexpression; abnormal patterns: scores 0, 1 and 2; normal pattern: score 3. Jawhari scores were then evaluated utilising another approach: the absence of membranous expression scores (0 and 1) versus the presence of membranous expression (scores 2 and 3). RESULTS: A significant association between membranous expression of E-cadherin and the intestinal histotype (36/40 (90%), and 28/41 (68%) for other histotypes) was found, while diffuse carcinomas were related to the absence of membranous expression. A very strong and peculiar relationship was observed between cytoplasm-exclusive E-cadherin expression (score 1) and the diffuse component of mixed tumours (11/16 (69%)). CONCLUSIONS: E-cadherin immunoexpression patterns help us to characterise gastric carcinoma histotypes. The presence or absence of membranous staining is the most valuable criterion in evaluating E-cadherin expression. Mixed tumours show a characteristic E-cadherin cytoplasmic expression in gastric carcinomas.

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: There were 49 patients studied, coming from The Liver Unit at the "Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (N=41) and from "Prof. Dr. Angelita Habr-Gama and Joaquim Gama-Rodrigues Surgery Institute", SP (N=8); all of which had hepatic metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma, with no evidence of concurrent metastasis in any other organs and were submitted to surgical treatment, during the period of 1992 to 2002, with the aim of analyzing the immunoexpression of the p53, ki-67, p16 and molecular markers in order to relate the disease-free period with the prognosis. METHODOLOGY: The patient's clinical data were analyzed retrospectively for verification of information such as age, gender, size of the hepatic metastasis and/or the largest lesion, number of satellite nodules resected and compromised, margin of resection free from neoplasia. RESULTS: The immunoexpression of the p53 was associated with the shortest period of life free from disease (p = 0.04). The proliferation marker ki-67 was not associated with the reduction of the disease-free interval and survival; the immunoexpression of the proliferation marker p16 was not associated with the reduction of disease-free period and survival, however, it was associated with hepatic metastasis synchronism. In patients who received postoperative systemic chemotherapy with 5-FU and leucovorin, the immunoexpression on the hepatic metastasis was not associated with a longer disease-free interval. CONCLUSIONS: Molcular markers may be useful to evaluate hepatic metastasis of colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

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