RESUMO
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal gap of frameworks produced using the CAD-CAM system, from zirconia and lithium disilicate blocks, adapted to a tooth preparation and a gypsum die. Material and Methods: For this study, a human first molar tooth was used as a master model with a full crown preparation. It was molded 20 times to obtain the gypsum die and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10) for the fabrication of zirconia and lithium disilicate frameworks. The frameworks were made using pre-sintered zirconia blocks and lithium disilicate blocks, both CAD-CAM systems. The marginal gap was measured in µm at four points (buccal, palatal, mesial, and distal) using a comparator microscope with 30x magnification, with the framework seated on the master model (tooth), and on the gypsum die. Marginal gap data (µm) were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test with a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant interaction between the factors studied (p=0.223) or isolated factors (ceramic factor p=0.886 and die factor p=0.786). Conclusion: Both ceramics produced using the CAD-CAM technique did not exhibit statistical differences in marginal adaptation on the two types of substrates, both on tooth preparation and on the gypsum die (AU)
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o espaço marginal de estruturas produzidas usando o sistema CAD-CAM, a partir de blocos de zircônia e dissilicato de lítio, adaptadas a um preparo sobre dente e a um troquel de gesso. Material e Métodos: Para este estudo, um dente molar humano foi utilizado como modelo mestre com preparo para coroa total. Este foi moldado 20 vezes para obter o troquel de gesso e dividido aleatoriamente em 2 grupos (n=10) para a fabricação de estruturas de zircônia e dissilicato de lítio. As estruturas foram feitas usando blocos de zircônia pré-sinterizados e blocos de dissilicato de lítio, ambos sistemas para CAD-CAM. O espaço marginal foi medido em µm, em quatro pontos (bucal, palatal, mesial e distal), utilizando um microscópio comparador com ×30 de ampliação e com a estrutura assentada no modelo mestre (dente) e no troquel de gesso. Os dados de espaço marginal (µm) foram avaliados usando análise de variância bidirecional e teste de Tukey com um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que não houve interação estatisticamente significativa entre os fatores estudados (p=0,223) ou isoladamente (fator cerâmica p=0,886 e fator troquel p=0,786). Conclusão: Ambas as cerâmicas produzidas usando a técnica CAD-CAM não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas em relação à adaptação marginal nos dois tipos de substratos, tanto na preparação dentária quanto no troquel de gesso(AU)
Assuntos
Prótese Dentária , Desenho Assistido por Computador , Adaptação Marginal Dentária , Porcelana DentáriaRESUMO
Interest in the use of non-conventional yeasts in wine fermentation has been increased in the last years in the wine sector. The main objective of this manuscript was to explore the aromatic diversity produced by wild and non-wine strains of S. cerevisiae, S. eubayanus, S. kudriavzevii, and S. uvarum species in young and bottle-aged Tempranillo wines as well as evaluate their fermentation capacity and the yield on ethanol, glycerol, and organic acids, that can contribute to diminishing the effects of climate change on wines. S. uvarum strain U1 showed the highest ability to release or de novo produce monoterpenes, such as geraniol and citronellol, whose values were 1.5 and 3.5-fold higher than those of the wine S. cerevisiae strain. We found that compared to the normal values for red wines, ß-phenylethyl acetate was highly synthesized by U1 and E1 strains, achieving 1 mg/L. Additionally, after aging, wines of S. eubayanus strains contained the highest levels of this acetate. Malic acid was highly degraded by S. kudriavzevii yeasts, resulting in the highest yields of lactic acid (>5-fold) and ethyl lactate (>2.8-fold) in their wines. In aged wines, we observed that the modulating effects of yeast strain were very high in ß-ionone. S. uvarum strains U1 and BMV58 produced an important aging attribute, ethyl isobutyrate, which was highly enhanced during the aging. Also, the agave S. cerevisiae strain develops an essential aroma after aging, reaching the highest ethyl leucate contents. According to the results obtained, the use of wild non-wine strains of S. cerevisiae and strains of the cryotolerant species S. eubayanus, S. kudriavzevii, and S. uvarum in Tempranillo wine fermentation increase the aroma complexity. In addition, wines from S. kudriavzevii strains had twice additional glycerol, those from S. uvarum 4-fold more succinic acid, while wines from wild strains yielded 1% v/v less ethanol which may solve wine problems associated with climate change.
Assuntos
Saccharomyces , Vitis , Vinho , Fermentação , Odorantes/análise , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Vinho/análiseRESUMO
Resumo: Introdução: Pesquisas recentes têm se dedicado a analisar os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos (PPC) de Medicina e o grau de alinhamento deles ao que determina a legislação brasileira para abertura e funcionamento dos cursos no país. No entanto, não há estudos de abrangência nacional que tenham investigado se os PPC de Medicina estão em conformidade com a legislação brasileira vigente. Objetivo: Neste estudo, buscou-se analisar a aderência dos PPC de Medicina no Brasil às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) do ensino médico e ao Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil (PMM). Método: Para alcançar esse objetivo, coletaram-se 157 PPC de Medicina no Brasil que foram categorizados em uma escala Likert de aderência, que varia de não aderente (1) a fortemente aderente (5), a partir de três dimensões de análise: aspectos norteadores de formação, aspectos curriculares, aspectos ensino-serviço. Posteriormente, por meio da análise de componentes principais, criou-se o Índice Sintético de Aderência dos PPC. Com o banco de dados criado, aplicaram-se estatísticas descritivas e gráficos relacionais para descrever a situação no Brasil. Resultado: Os resultados demonstram o seguinte: 1. a Região Centro-Oeste obteve a melhor performance nas três dimensões analisadas; 2. as instituições públicas (39% do total) têm maior aderência dos PPC aos parâmetros normativos analisados; e 3. a dimensão ensino-serviço aponta maior variação entre os tipos de administração das instituições, com menor aderência das instituições privadas. Conclusão: Este trabalho acende um alerta em relação à adequação dos cursos de Medicina das instituições privadas aos parâmetros normativos e legais exigidos para a formação médica no Brasil. Além disso, contribui para a literatura ao apresentar um modelo de avaliação de PPC por meio do Índice Sintético de Aderência dos PPC como sugestão para trabalhos futuros.
Abstract: Introduction: Recent studies have been dedicated to analyzing the PPCs of the medical course and their degree of alignment with what is determined by the Brazilian legislation for the opening and operation of the course in the country. However, there are no nationwide studies that have investigated whether the pedagogical projects for the medical courses are in compliance with current Brazilian legislation. Objective: In this study, we analyzed the adherence of the Pedagogical Course Projects (PPCs) of medical schools in Brazil based on the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCNs, Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais) of medical education and the "Mais Médicos" Program (PMM, Programa Mais Médicos) for Brazil. Method: To achieve this objective, we collected 157 PPCs from medical courses in Brazil and categorized them in a Likert Scale of adherence, ranging from non-adherent (1) to strongly adherent (5), based on three dimensions of analysis: guiding aspects of training, curricular aspects, teaching-service aspects. Subsequently, using the Principal Component Analysis, we created the PPC Adherence Synthetic Index. After the database was created, descriptive statistics and relational graphs were applied to describe the situation in Brazil. Results: The results show that: I) the Midwest region is the one with the best performance in the three analyzed dimensions; II) public institutions (39% of the total) have greater adherence of PPCs to the analyzed normative parameters; and III) the teaching-service dimension shows greater variation between the types of institution administration, with less adherence by private institutions. Conclusions: Therefore, ultimately, this study raises an alert regarding the adequacy of medical courses in private institutions to the normative and legal parameters required for medical training in Brazil. In addition, it contributes to the literature by presenting an evaluation model for pedagogical course projects through the Synthetic Index of Adherence of PPCs as a suggestion for future studies.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Canine brucellosis, due to Brucella canis, is a worldwide zoonosis that remains endemic in South America, including Brazil. Implementation of powerful whole-genome sequencing approaches allowed exploring the Brucella genus considered as monomorphic, with, to date, more than 500 genomes available in public databases. Nevertheless, with under-representation of B. canis genomes -only twenty complete or draft genomes-, lack of knowledge about this species is still considerable. This report describes a comparative genomics-based phylogeographic investigation of 53 B. canis strains, including 28 isolates paired-end sequenced in this work. RESULTS: Obtained results allow identifying a SNP panel species-specific to B. canis of 1086 nucleotides. In addition, high-resolution analyses assess the epidemiological relationship between worldwide isolates. Our findings show worldwide strains are distributed among 2 distinct lineages. One of them seems to be specific to South American strains, including Brazil. B. canis South American strains may be identified by a SNP panel of 15 nucleotides, whereas a 22 SNP panel is sufficient to define contamination origin from Brazil. These results lead to the proposal of a possible spread route for dog brucellosis through South America. Additionally, whole-genome analyses highlight the remarkable genomic stability of B. canis strains over time and the sustainability of the infection in São Paulo over 12 year-period. CONCLUSIONS: Significant increase of B. canis genomes available in public databases provides new insights into B. canis infection in South America, including Brazil, as well as in the world, and also offers new perspectives for the Brucella genus largo sensu.
Assuntos
Brucella canis/classificação , Brucella canis/genética , Genômica , Filogeografia , BrasilRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the glycemic index and the glycemic load of the diet with the risk of overweight and high adiposity in children with 5 years of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of 232 children born and living in Diamantina (MG, Brazil). Parents and/or guardians provided the food intake data, using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, past history and socioeconomic conditions. Anthropometric and fatness data were collected from the children. The dietary glycemic index and the glycemic load were calculated from the food intake. The glycemic index and glycemic load effect on overweight and adiposity in children was assessed by the Poisson regression (p<0.05). RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight by body mass index was 17.3%, and high adiposity was observed in 3.4% and 6.9% by triceps skinfold and subscapular skinfold, respectively. No difference was reported between the mean body mass index, triceps skinfold and subscapular skinfold according to the glycemic index and glycemic load tertiles; however, the overweight group presented a higher carbohydrate intake (p=0.04). No association was found between glycemic index and glycemic load with overweight and adiposity among the children assessed. CONCLUSIONS: The glycemic index and glycemic load of the diet were not identified as risk factors for overweight and adiposity in this cross-sectional study.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Dieta , Índice Glicêmico , Carga Glicêmica , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/metabolismo , Brasil , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
This paper describes the control, epidemiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of an outbreak of meningoencephalitis in calves due to bovine herpesvirus 5 at a feedlot with 540 animals in São Paulo State, Brazil. The introduction of new animals and contact between the resident animals and the introduced ones were most likely responsible for virus transmission. Bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine was used, resulting in the efficacy of the outbreak control, although two bovine herpesvirus 1 positive animals, vaccinated and revaccinated, presented meningoencephalitis, thereby characterizing vaccinal failure.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 5/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Agricultura , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Brasil , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/genética , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Herpesviridae/genética , Infecções por Herpesviridae/patologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/patogenicidade , Herpesvirus Bovino 5/patogenicidade , Vacinas Virais/imunologiaRESUMO
The aroma of strawberry and lemon guava fruits (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) was studied by sensory analysis, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and quantitative analysis. Volatiles released from the pulps were collected in a trapping system consisting of LiChrolut EN resins and eluted with dichloromethane/methanol. In total, 23 odour zones were detected by GC-O, of which 16 were found in the extract from the strawberry guava pulp and 17 in the extract from the lemon guava pulp. Among the compounds identified, only 10 were common to both strawberry and lemon guavas. The descriptive sensorial analysis differentiated between the aroma profiles of the strawberry guava pulp with the descriptor "tomato" and the lemon guava pulp with the descriptor "tropical fruit". The typical aroma of the guava fruits was dominated by the presence of numerous aldehydes and ketones among which (Z)-3-hexenal was the most intense odorant, while 1,8-cineole and linalool were also revealed as important aroma constituents.
Assuntos
Aromatizantes/química , Fragaria/química , Odorantes/análise , Psidium/química , Adulto , Feminino , Frutas/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Masculino , Olfato , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Este trabalho trata da inovação no setor público de saúde, com o objetivo de descrever e analisar o perfil das experiências que ganharam o Prêmio Inovação na Administração Pública Federal, entre 1995 e 2011. O estudo é do tipo qualitativo-descritivo e levantou 19 casos na área de saúde, coletados no site da Escola Nacional de Administração Pública (Enap). Os casos foram analisados de acordo com as dimensões: identificação dos casos, objetivos, tipo, abrangência e resultados do trabalho. Os resultados apontam inovações incrementais, com predominância do tipo de inovação de processo e serviços,com foco na busca de eficiência operacional, e tiveram abrangência nacional. Sugerem-se medidas de incentivos governamentais à inovação no setor público, além de uma agenda de pesquisa de inovação no setor público de saúde.
En este trabajo se trata de la innovación en el sector público de la salud con el objetivo de describir y analizar el perfil de las experiencias que han ganado el Premio de Innovación en la Administración Pública Federal, entre 1995 y 2011. El estudio es del tipo descriptivo cualitativo y analizó 19 casos en el área de la salud, recogidos en el sitio de Escola Nacional de Administração Pública (Enap). Los casos fueron analizados de acuerdo a las dimensiones: identificación de los casos, los objetivos, tipo, alcance y resultados del trabajo. Los resultados muestran innovaciones incrementales, con predominio de la innovación de procesos y servicios, centrándose en la búsqueda de la eficiencia operativa, había cobertura nacional. Se sugieren medidas de incentivos gubernamentales a la innovación en el sector público, además de una agenda de investigación de la innovación en el sector público de salud.
This paper addresses innovation in the public health sector, aiming to describe and analyze the profiles of the cases that have won the Innovation Award in Federal Public Administration, between 1995 and 2011. The study is of a qualitative and descriptive nature, and it was carried out by analyzing 19 cases in healthcare, collected from the National School of Public Administration (Enap) website. These cases were analyzed according to the following dimensions: identification of cases, objectives, type, scope and results of the work. The results show incremental innovations, predominantly in those types of innovation of processes and services, focusing on the search for operational efficiency, and those cases had national coverage. Finally, we suggest measures for governmental incentives for innovation in the public sector, and a research agenda for innovation in the public health sector.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gestão em Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde , Serviços de Saúde , Motivação , Política Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação , Administração Pública , Política de Saúde , Setor Público , Impactos da Poluição na Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Sistema Único de SaúdeRESUMO
UNLABELLED: In this study, the important odor impact volatiles generated in the meat of grilled beef loin muscle were characterized. Animals were finished in 4 different diet systems: T1, pasture (a mixture of Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, and Festuca arundinacea); T2, pasture supplemented with cracked corn grain (offered at 0.6% live weight, LW); T3, pasture supplemented with cracked corn grain (offered at 1.2% LW); and T4, concentrate (pellets with 85% corn and 12.8% sunflower, on a dry-matter basis) plus alfalfa hay (both ad libitum). Aroma compounds were assessed by dynamic headspace-solid phase extraction (DHS-SPE) and gas chromatographic-olfactometric (GC-O) analysis. Most odorants were carbonyl compounds, some of them reaching high GC-O scores, especially 1-octen-3-one, (E)-2-octenal, methional, and hexanal. A specific quantitative analysis of ketones and aldehydes was conducted through their derivatization with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride directly on the headspace trap and analyzed by GC-MS, with the purpose of studying the effect of finishing diet systems. From the 23 carbonyl compounds quantified, 2 were especially affected by the diet system; methional was higher in the treatment based on concentrates, whereas (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal was higher in the treatment based only in pastures. The results are discussed considering previous published productive and quality traits. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The knowledge of how production factors, such as animal feeding, can affect the flavor of meat is of significant interest toward in achieving a high-quality and differentiated product. The development of more specific and efficient methodologies is necessary to analyze meat aroma compounds, which would be used as routine analysis, that is for product authentication. In the future, the use of this analysis would allow producing and designing specific foods according to different markets.
Assuntos
Aldeídos/análise , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Culinária , Cetonas/análise , Carne/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Aldeídos/química , Aldeídos/metabolismo , Alcadienos/análise , Alcadienos/química , Alcadienos/metabolismo , Métodos Analíticos de Preparação de Amostras , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa , Produtos Agrícolas/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Cetonas/química , Cetonas/metabolismo , Masculino , Odorantes , Extração em Fase Sólida , Uruguai , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismoRESUMO
Objetivo: relatar o caso de uma criança recém-nascida (RN) com comprometimento do sistema nervoso autônomo caracterizado por insensibilidade em detectar aumento de CO2 e diminuição de O2, denominado de Maldição de Ondina ou Síndrome da Hipoventilação Central Congênita ou Hipoventilação Alveolar Primária, com ênfase ao acompanhamento fonoaudiológico. Discussão: o diagnóstico de Maldição de Ondina deve ser aventado quando da presença de episódios de apneias em RN, sem que se consiga elucidar a causa e que seja afastada a possibilidade de crise epiléptica, distúrbio pulmonar e/ou cardíaco, lesão de tronco ou de outra região encefálica. A evolução respiratória desta criança foi de dependência do respirador por 24 horas até o final do terceiro mês de vida. Progressivamente, foi possível deixá-la com cateter nasal com fluxo contínuo de oxigênio enquanto se mantinha acordada, e respirador em modo controlado nos períodos de sono. O tratamento específico, com instalação de marca-passo diafragmático, é a única terapia existente até o momento.
Purpose: To report the case of a newborn (NB) with an autonomic nervous system disorder characterized by insensitivity to detect increased CO2 and decreased O2, referred to as Ondine's curse, Primary Hypoventilation Syndrome, or Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation, with emphasis on speech therapy. Discussion: The diagnosis of Ondine's curse should be considered upon presence of episodes of apnea in newborns, with no clear indication of the cause and with no indications of seizures, severe pulmonary or cardiac injury of the brainstem or another cerebral region. The respiratory development characteristic of this child was being ventilator dependent for 24 hours a day until the end of the third month of life. Gradually, it was possible to leave the device with a continuous nasal oxygen flow while awake, and breathing with a ventilator under control during her periods of sleep. Specific treatment with installation of diaphragmatic pacemaker, is the only treatment available to date.
Objetivo: relatar el caso de un recién nacido (RN) con comprometimiento del sistema nervioso autónomo caracterizado por falta de sensibilidad para detectar el aumento de la emisión de CO2 y la disminución de O2, conocido como La Maldición de Ondina, o Síndrome de Hipoventilación Central Congénita o Hipoventilación Alveolar Primaria, con énfasis al acompañamiento fonoaudiológico. Discusión: El diagnóstico de la Maldición de Ondine debe ser considerado en la presencia de episodios de apnea en recién nacidos, sin que se pueda aclarar la causa y que sea rechazada la posibilidad de crisis epiléptica, trastorno pulmonar y/o cardiaco severo, lesión de tronco o otra región encefálica. El desarrollo respiratorio de este niño fue de dependencia del respirador por 24 horas hasta el final del tercer mes de vida. Progresivamente fue posible dejarla con un flujo nasal continuo de oxígeno mientras se mantenía despierta, y con respirador en forma controlada durante los períodos de sueño. El tratamiento específico con la instalación de un marcapasos diafragmático, es el único tratamiento disponible hasta la fecha.