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Objectives: To evaluate the association of physical and functional measures with sarcopenia in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to establish cutoff points for sarcopenia screening.Methods: The study included COPD with and without sarcopenia, of both sexes who were over 50 years old. Participants were assessed for lung function, body composition, grip strength, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 5-repetition, 10-repetition and 30-s sit-to-stand tests (5STS, 10STS, and 30STS, respectively). In addition, 6-min walking test, respiratory muscular strength, and physical activity level were tested.Results: The study had 35 participants, 24 men (68.6%) and moderate COPD (51.4%). COPD-sarcopenia showed lower values in lean mass, body fat and body mass alongside lower performance in 10 and 30 STS tests, SPPB and gait speed compared to non-sarcopenic group. The cutoff points with better sensitivity and specificity to identify sarcopenia were 10.88 and 34.14 s, 15 repetitions, and 10 points in the 5STS, 10STS, 30STS, and SPPB, respectively. The comparison of the receiver operating curves evidenced no differences between the functional tests. Only 30STS and SPPB showed acceptable discriminatory power.Conclusion: Functional tests, especially 30STS and SPPB, are simple and affordable tools for screening sarcopenia in COPD with moderate obstruction.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise on oxidative stress markers in a group of women with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a group of healthy women (CT). Twenty-one women diagnosed with FM and 21 age- and weight-matched healthy women were enrolled the study. Plasma oxidative stress markers (primary outcomes) were evaluated at rest and after WBV, and included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iron reduction capacity (FRAP), superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD), and catalase (CAT). At rest, the FM group had higher TBARS (P<0.001) and FRAP (P<0.001), and lower CAT (P=0.005) compared to the CT. In the CT group, the WBV had no effect on TBARS (P=0.559) and FRAP (P=0.926), whereas it increased both SOD (P<0.001) and CAT (P<0.001). In the FM group, the WBV reduced TBARS (p <0.001), FRAP (P<0.001), and CAT (P=0.005), while it increased SOD (P=0.019). There was an interaction effect (moments vs groups) in the TBARS (effect size=1.34), FRAP (effect size=0.93), CAT (effect size=1.45), and SOD (effect size=1.44) (P<0.001). A single trial of WBV exercise improved all oxidant and antioxidant parameters towards a greater adaptation to the stress response in FM women.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise on oxidative stress markers in a group of women with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to a group of healthy women (CT). Twenty-one women diagnosed with FM and 21 age- and weight-matched healthy women were enrolled the study. Plasma oxidative stress markers (primary outcomes) were evaluated at rest and after WBV, and included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iron reduction capacity (FRAP), superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD), and catalase (CAT). At rest, the FM group had higher TBARS (P<0.001) and FRAP (P<0.001), and lower CAT (P=0.005) compared to the CT. In the CT group, the WBV had no effect on TBARS (P=0.559) and FRAP (P=0.926), whereas it increased both SOD (P<0.001) and CAT (P<0.001). In the FM group, the WBV reduced TBARS (p <0.001), FRAP (P<0.001), and CAT (P=0.005), while it increased SOD (P=0.019). There was an interaction effect (moments vs groups) in the TBARS (effect size=1.34), FRAP (effect size=0.93), CAT (effect size=1.45), and SOD (effect size=1.44) (P<0.001). A single trial of WBV exercise improved all oxidant and antioxidant parameters towards a greater adaptation to the stress response in FM women.

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The yellow fever virus (YFV) epidemic in Brazil is the largest in decades. The recent discovery of YFV in Brazilian Aedes species mosquitos highlights a need to monitor the risk of reestablishment of urban YFV transmission in the Americas. We use a suite of epidemiological, spatial, and genomic approaches to characterize YFV transmission. We show that the age and sex distribution of human cases is characteristic of sylvatic transmission. Analysis of YFV cases combined with genomes generated locally reveals an early phase of sylvatic YFV transmission and spatial expansion toward previously YFV-free areas, followed by a rise in viral spillover to humans in late 2016. Our results establish a framework for monitoring YFV transmission in real time that will contribute to a global strategy to eliminate future YFV epidemics.

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At the end of 2016, Brazil experienced an unprecedented yellow fever (YF) outbreak. Clinical, molecular and ecological aspects of human and non-human primate (NHP) samples collected at the beginning of the outbreak are described in this study. Spatial distribution analyses demonstrated a strong overlap between human and NHP cases. Through molecular analyses, we showed that the outbreak had a sylvatic origin, caused by the South American genotype 1 YFV, which has already been shown to circulate in Brazil. As expected, the clusters of cases were identified in regions with a low vaccination coverage. Our findings highlight the importance of the synchronization of animal surveillance and health services to identify emerging YF cases, thereby promoting a better response to the vulnerable population.

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This article investigates aspects of similarity between complete sequences of mitochondrial DNA by determining the distribution of the relative frequencies of words with different lengths and the characteristics of their relevance throughout the sequences. The degree of similarity is obtained by comparing the distances between words contained within these sequences. Our results indicate that the best groupings among different species depend on the lengths of words and their respective relative frequencies. We also observed that the longer the word the more consistent the grouping between the sequences becomes. The application of our results, together with the perspective of analyzing DNA sequences belonging to a single biological species, may be important for the construction of phylogenetic trees, which are appropriate structures for understanding the evolutionary history of the species.

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for the cultivation of sugarcane, which plays an important role in rooting, tillering and forage production. With the objective to evaluate the effects of pre-planting phosphating on soil chemical attributes and sugarcane growth for forage production, an experiment was conducted at the Santa Mercedes plant, Tupi Paulista, SP, using the RB 86 7515 variety. The experimental design consisted of random blocks with 8 treatments and 4 replicates, totaling 32 experimental units, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme including two P sources (decanted phosphate and monoammonium phosphate) and four P doses (0, 80, 120, and 160 kg/ ha P2O5). The P sources and doses tested increase the availability of P in soil, with the dose of 120 kg/ha P2O5 providing the highest production of green forage mass. Monoammonium phosphate as P source reduces soil pH and increases the availability of micronutrients such as iron, boron and zinc.

O fósforo (P) é considerado um elemento essencial para o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, assumindo grande importância no enraizamento, no perfilhamento e na produção de forragem. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da fosfatagem em pré-plantio nos atributos químicos do solo e no desenvolvimento da cultura da cana-de-açúcar para produção de forragem foi realizado um experimento com a variedade RB 86 7515, junto à unidade produtora da Usina Santa Mercedes, Tupi Paulista, SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições, totalizando 32 unidades experimentais, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, duas fontes de fósforo (fosfato decantado e fosfato de monoamônio) e quatro doses de fósforo (0; 80; 120; 160 kg/ha P2O5). As fontes e doses testadas de fósforo (P) aumenta a disponibilidade de P no solo, sendo a dose de 120 kg/ha P2O5 que apresenta maior produção de massa verde de forragem. A fonte fosfato monoamônico reduz o pH do solo e aumenta a disponibilidade dos micronutrientes como ferro, boro e zinco.

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for the cultivation of sugarcane, which plays an important role in rooting, tillering and forage production. With the objective to evaluate the effects of pre-planting phosphating on soil chemical attributes and sugarcane growth for forage production, an experiment was conducted at the Santa Mercedes plant, Tupi Paulista, SP, using the RB 86 7515 variety. The experimental design consisted of random blocks with 8 treatments and 4 replicates, totaling 32 experimental units, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme including two P sources (decanted phosphate and monoammonium phosphate) and four P doses (0, 80, 120, and 160 kg/ ha P2O5). The P sources and doses tested increase the availability of P in soil, with the dose of 120 kg/ha P2O5 providing the highest production of green forage mass. Monoammonium phosphate as P source reduces soil pH and increases the availability of micronutrients such as iron, boron and zinc.(AU)

O fósforo (P) é considerado um elemento essencial para o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, assumindo grande importância no enraizamento, no perfilhamento e na produção de forragem. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da fosfatagem em pré-plantio nos atributos químicos do solo e no desenvolvimento da cultura da cana-de-açúcar para produção de forragem foi realizado um experimento com a variedade RB 86 7515, junto à unidade produtora da Usina Santa Mercedes, Tupi Paulista, SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com 8 tratamentos e 4 repetições, totalizando 32 unidades experimentais, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, duas fontes de fósforo (fosfato decantado e fosfato de monoamônio) e quatro doses de fósforo (0; 80; 120; 160 kg/ha P2O5). As fontes e doses testadas de fósforo (P) aumenta a disponibilidade de P no solo, sendo a dose de 120 kg/ha P2O5 que apresenta maior produção de massa verde de forragem. A fonte fosfato monoamônico reduz o pH do solo e aumenta a disponibilidade dos micronutrientes como ferro, boro e zinco.(AU)

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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: In August 2014, an outbreak of oral exanthematous disease in equids was reported in Brazil, affecting 11 donkeys and 3 mules. OBJECTIVES: To investigate if Vaccinia virus (VACV) was the aetiological agent in this outbreak. STUDY DESIGN: Investigation of clinical cases using serological, molecular and phylogenetic approaches. METHODS: To analyse the presence of neutralising antibodies against VACV, samples were submitted in triplicate to a plaque-reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50% ). On the basis of previous studies which detected VACV DNA in sera, we submitted extracted DNA samples to different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) platforms targeting Orthopoxvirus (OPV) genes (C11R, A56R and A26L). The PCR products were directly sequenced in both orientations using specific primers and capillary electrophoresis. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the A26L and A56R nucleotide sequences (maximum likelihood) were prepared with the obtained nucleotide fragments. RESULTS: Serological and molecular data suggested VACV as the aetiological agent. The neutralising antibodies against OPV were detected in 5 (55.5%) of the equids, with titres ≥40 neutralising u/ml. Based on the results obtained from all PCR platforms, all samples were positive for OPV: 9 (100%) for A56R, 4 (44.4%) for C11R and 3 (33.3%) for A26L. The alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the A26L and A56R fragments revealed that the samples were highly similar to the homologous genes from other Brazilian VACV Group 1 isolates (98.8% identity on average). Furthermore, both the A26L and A56R sequences showed signature deletions also present in the sequences of Group 1 VACV isolates from Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: Our data raises questions about the role of equids in the chain of VACV epidemiology. The surveillance of equids in VACV-affected areas worldwide is relevant.

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Swimmers are often tested on both dry-land and in swimming exercises. The aim of this study was to test the relationships between dry-land, tethered force-time curve parameters and swimming performances in distances up to 200 m. 10 young male high-level swimmers were assessed using the maximal isometric bench-press and quarter-squat, mean propulsive power in jump-squat, squat and countermovement jumps (dry-land assessments), peak force, average force, rate of force development (RFD) and impulse (tethered swimming) and swimming times. Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated among the variables. Peak force and average force were very largely correlated with the 50- and 100-m swimming performances (r=- 0.82 and -0.74, respectively). Average force was very-largely/largely correlated with the 50- and 100-m performances (r=- 0.85 and -0.67, respectively). RFD and impulse were very-largely correlated with the 50-m time (r=- 0.72 and -0.76, respectively). Tethered swimming parameters were largely correlated (r=0.65 to 0.72) with mean propulsive power in jump-squat, squat-jump and countermovement jumps. Finally, mean propulsive power in jump-squat was largely correlated (r=- 0.70) with 50-m performance. Due to the significant correlations between dry-land assessments and tethered/actual swimming, coaches are encouraged to implement strategies able to increase leg power in sprint swimmers.

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