RESUMO
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity increases in university students as a consequence of the modification of their eating habits and their level of physical activity. The general objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between the nutritional status of Physical Education students and the level of physical activity, cardiovascular risk and eating habits, during the first three years of the degree. Method: Observational, descriptive and longitudinal section study. 67 students were studied. To assess nutritional status and cardiovascular risk, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (CC) were measured, respectively. To inquire about eating habits, a survey was used based on the recommendations of the dietary guidelines for the Argentine population. To estimate the level of physical activity, the IPAQ International Physical Activity Questionnaire, short format, Spanish version was used. Results: Students with obesity, obesity, and elevated cardiovascular risk increased during the course of the study. For their part, healthy eating behaviors and a high level of physical activity in women decreased. BMI showed a positive correlation with CC. Healthy food selection in males was correlated with BMI. Conclusions: The evolution of the course in Physical Education indicated a progressive increase in the factors associated with obesity. These results would allow directing and promoting legislative actions that update the curriculum of the Physical Education career, according to the social and health needs of this population.
Introducción: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad aumenta en estudiantes universitarios como consecuencia de la modificación de sus hábitos alimentarios y de su nivel de actividad física. El objetivo general del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre el estado nutricional de estudiantes de Educación Física y el nivel de actividad física, el riesgo cardiovascular y sus hábitos alimentarios, durante los primeros tres años de la carrera. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte longitudinal. Se estudiaron 67 estudiantes. Para valorar el estado nutricional y el riesgo cardiovascular se midieron el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de cintura (CC), respectivamente. Para indagar sobre los hábitos alimentarios se utilizó una encuesta basada en las recomendaciones de las guías alimentarias para la población argentina. Para estimar el nivel de actividad física se usó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física IPAQ, formato corto, versión en español. Resultados: Los estudiantes con preobesidad, obesidad y riesgo cardiovascular elevado aumentaron durante el transcurso del estudio. Por su parte, las conductas alimentarias saludables y el nivel de actividad física alto en mujeres disminuyeron. El IMC mostró una correlación positiva con la CC. La selección alimentaria saludable en varones se mostró correlacionada con el IMC. Conclusiones: La evolución del cursado de la carrera de Educación Física indicó un aumento progresivo de los factores asociados a la obesidad. Estos resultados permitirían direccionar y promover acciones legislativas que actualicen la currícula de la carrera de Educación Física, conforme a las necesidades sociales y sanitarias de esta población.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Estado Nutricional , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Humanos , Masculino , Educação Física e Treinamento , Fatores de Risco , EstudantesRESUMO
Discurso pronunciado en el acto de colación de grados de la Carrera de Medicina de la Faculta de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 08 de abril 2019.
Assuntos
HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: numerous studies show that the college-aged student modifies their eating habits and levels of physical activity and, consequently, their Body Mass Index (BMI) exceeds healthy values (?25). General objective: to analyze the nutritional status in students of two Physical Education Teaching training Institutes, located in Cordoba, Argentina, and their possible association with eating behaviours and level of physical activity. Method: observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. 134 students were studied.To assess nutritional status, the MBI was measured. To investigate about food selection and habits which accompanied the ingestion, a survey was used based on the recommendations from the Food Guidelines for the Argentine Population. To estimate energy expenditure by physical activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used, in short format, in the Spanish version. Results: Se podría presumir que el saludable estado nutricional de la población estudiada se debe a sus hábitos alimentarios mayormente saludables y, principalmente, a su alto nivel de actividad física. No obstante, el seguimiento de esta población, en un estudio longitudinal, podría ratificar o rectificar estas primeras presunciones. Conclusion: it can be assumed that the healthy nutritional status of the study population is due to their mostly healthy eating habits, and mainly to their high level of physical activity.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Numerosas investigaciones señalan que el estudiante universitario modifica sus hábitos alimentarios y su nivel de actividad física y, como consecuencia, su Índice de masa corporal (IMC) supera los valores saludables (?25). OBJETIVO GENERAL: Analizar el estado nutricional en los estudiantes de dos Profesorados de Educación Física de Córdoba, Argentina y su posible asociación con los hábitos alimentarios y el nivel de actividad física.: MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 134 estudiantes. Para valorar el estado nutricional se midió el IMC. Para indagar sobre la selección y las conductas alimentarias, se utilizó una encuesta basada en las recomendaciones de las guías alimentarias para la población argentina. Para estimar el gasto energético en actividad física se usó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física IPAQ, formato corto, versión en español. RESULTADOS: El estado nutricional de la población estudiada mostró en general una mayor prevalencia con peso saludable (normopeso). Respecto a los hábitos alimentarios, las mayores proporciones de estudiantes evaluados presentaron una selección medianamente saludable y unas conductas saludables. En referencia al nivel de actividad física, ambos géneros mostraron, en una mayor proporción, un alto nivel de actividad física. Para todos los casos, el IMC resultó dentro de los valores saludables. CONCLUSIONES: Se podría presumir que el saludable estado nutricional de la población estudiada se debe a sus hábitos alimentarios mayormente saludables y, principalmente, a su alto nivel de actividad física. No obstante, el seguimiento de esta población, en un estudio longitudinal, podría ratificar o rectificar estas primeras presunciones.
Assuntos
Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Educação Física e Treinamento , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Argentina , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
It has been demonstrated that food intake and reproductive physiology are both simultaneously modulated to optimize reproductive success under fluctuating metabolic conditions. Ghrelin (GHRL) is an orexigenic peptide identified as the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor that is being investigated for its potential role on reproduction. Considering that data available so far are still limited and characterization of GHRL action mechanism on the reproductive system has not been fully elucidated, we studied the participation of hypothalamus in GHRL effects on sperm functional activity, plasma levels of gonadotropins and histological morphology in mice testes after hypothalamic infusion of 0.3 or 3.0 nmol/day GHRL or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) at different treatment periods. We found that GHRL 3.0 nmol/day administration for 42 days significantly reduced sperm concentration (GHRL 3.0 nmol/day = 14.05 ± 2.44 × 106/mL vs ACSF = 20.33 ± 1.35 × 106/mL, P < 0.05) and motility (GHRL 3.0 nmol/day = 59.40 ± 4.20% vs ACSF = 75.80 ± 1.40%, P < 0.05). In addition, histological studies showed a significant decrease percentage of spermatogonia (GHRL 3.0 nmol/day = 6.76 ± 0.68% vs ACSF = 9.56 ± 0.41%, P < 0.05) and sperm (GHRL 3.0 nmol/day = 24.24 ± 1.92% vs ACSF = 31.20 ± 3.06%, P < 0.05). These results were associated with a significant reduction in luteinizing hormone and testosterone plasma levels (P < 0.05). As GHRL is an orexigenic peptide, body weight and food intake were measured. Results showed that GHRL increases both parameters; however, the effect did not last beyond the first week of treatment. Results presented in this work confirm that central GHRL administration impairs spermatogenesis and suggest that this effect is mediated by inhibition of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
Assuntos
Grelina/fisiologia , Gonadotropinas Hipofisárias/sangue , Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Espermatogênese , Testosterona/sangue , Animais , Peso Corporal , Ingestão de Alimentos , Masculino , Camundongos , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Testículo/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Pregnancy complications and obstetric outcomes were compared in 80 Chilean (PPCOSCh) and 70 Argentinian (PPCOSAr) pregnant women. Reference groups of Chilean and Argentinian normal pregnant women from the same antenatal care units were also compared. PPCOSCh showed a higher prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (OR, 2.28, 95% CI: 1.08-4.77, p = .030) and a lower prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (OR, 0.20, 95% CI: 0.07-0.54, p = .001) compared to PPCOSAr. In the normal pregnant groups, the prevalence of PIH was lower in Chilean women compared to Argentinian women (OR, 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.62, p = .001). Similar to the pattern observed in the normal populations, newborns from PPCOSCh had higher birth weight and length compared with the newborns of PPCOSAr (p = .006 and .014, respectively). In conclusion, differences in pregnancy complications and obstetric outcomes between Chilean and Argentinian pregnant women with PCOS could be determined by ethnic diversity together with environmental factors of both populations. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject: The reproductive and metabolic phenotypes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome vary between different populations, which could significantly influence the obstetric and neonatal outcomes in this syndrome. What the results of this study add: Pregnant women with PCOS from two Latin American countries (Chile and Argentina) exhibit differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension, and in the birth weight of their newborns. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research: Ethnic diversity together with environmental factors are fundamental elements that must be considered in the management of pregnant women with PCOS.
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Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/epidemiologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Peso ao Nascer , Chile/epidemiologia , Diabetes Gestacional/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/etiologia , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism (H), oligo-anovulation (O) and / or polycystic ovaries (P). There is currently little information on perinatal complications. OBJECTIVE: to investigate obstetric and neonatal characteristics of women with PCOS in our population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we studied 87 pregnant women with PCOS (categorized in four phenotypes according Rotterdam Consensus: A (H + O + P) n = 53; B (H + O) n = 9; C (H + P) n = 16 and D (O + P) n = 9) and 96 without PCOS (control). We analyzed clinical and biochemical features (age, anthropometry hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, OGTT, insulin, lipid profile, androgen and gonadotropins) during preconception, (weight gain, blood pressure, OGTT) through gestation and occurrence of perinatal complications. RESULTS: we found no differences in age (29.4 ± 4 and 28.7 ± 5 years) and body mass index (28.2 ± 6 and 27.8 ± 6 kg / m2) in both groups; while patients with PCOS had higher waist circumference, blood pressure and acanthosis nigricans versus control. Despite similar weight gain, patients with PCOS had higher percentage of perinatal complications. In the A phenotype RR for perinatal adverse outcomes was 2.37 (95%CI: 1.67-3.36, p <0.001). The HOMA-IR index preconception and fasting glucose during pregnancy were the predictors for these complications (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: patients with PCOS have a higher risk for complications during pregnancy and newborns more frequently have low weight or macrosomy. A careful history can recognize patients with higher perinatal risk to develop complications.
Assuntos
Feto , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropometria , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/etiologia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/etiologia , Fenótipo , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/fisiopatologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Resultado da Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Ghrelin (Ghr) is an orexigenic peptide that is being investigated for its potential role in development of anxiety-like behavior and modulation of depressive-like symptoms induced by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OB) in rodents. Olfactory bulbectomy is an animal model useful to study of depression and Ghr could be an alternative therapeutic tool in depression therapy. We studied the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) Ghr administration on the expression of hypothalamic genes related to depression and mood (delta opioid receptor (DOR), mu opioid receptor (MOR) and kappa opioid receptor (KOR), lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor (LHCGR), serotonin transporter (SERT), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), vasopressin (AVP) and corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)) in OB animals, as well as changes in plasma levels of AVP, CRH and adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). We found that acute Ghr 0.3 nmol/µl administration increases gene expression of DOR, SERT and LHCGR in OB mice and decreased expression of IL-1b, suggesting that these genes could be involved in the antidepressant-like effects of Ghr. In addition, OB animals exhibit high AVP gene expression and elevated plasma concentrations of AVP and ACTH and acute Ghr 0.3 nmol/µl administration reduces AVP gene expression and the concentration of these hormones, suggesting that peptide-effects on depressive-like behavior could be mediated at least in part via AVP. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence about genes, receptors and hormones involved in the antidepressant mechanism/s induced by Ghr in OB animals.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Grelina/uso terapêutico , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangue , Análise de Variância , Animais , Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Arginina Vasopressina/sangue , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/sangue , Depressão/sangue , Depressão/etiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Grelina/farmacologia , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Camundongos , Bulbo Olfatório/lesões , Receptores do LH/genética , Receptores do LH/metabolismo , Receptores Opioides/genética , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Serotonina/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Serotonina/metabolismoRESUMO
In captive chinchillas, one of the most challenging behavioral problems is the development of a stress-related abnormal repetitive behavior (ARB) known as "fur-chewing". We investigated whether there is a relationship between the severity of fur-chewing behavior and reproductive function in male and female chinchillas. Regardless of the severity of abnormal behavior, fur-chewing males did not show significant differences in seminal quality (sperm concentration, motility and viability; integrity of sperm membrane and acrosome) and the response to the process of semen collection (the number of stimuli needed to achieve ejaculation) when compared to those with normal behavior. Also, females showing normal or fur-chewing behavior presented similar reproductive performance in terms of number of litters per female per year and litter size. However, pup survival rate was lower (p=0.05) in fur-chewing females than in normal females. These results seem to be consistent with data suggesting non-significant effects of ARBs on reproductive performance.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal , Chinchila/fisiologia , Imobilização/veterinária , Reprodução , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Desmame , Animais , Animais Domésticos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais Domésticos/psicologia , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Chinchila/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Chinchila/psicologia , Feminino , Cabelo , Imobilização/efeitos adversos , Imobilização/psicologia , Tamanho da Ninhada de Vivíparos , Masculino , Mastigação , Análise do Sêmen , Estresse Fisiológico , Estresse Psicológico/mortalidade , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common gynecological endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, is characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation and /or polycystic ovaries. Although the cause of PCOS is still unknown, there are several hypotheses attempting to explain the primary defect; the most commonly accepted is insulin resistance. Due to its high prevalence, the patients have increased risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular alterations. The compensatory hyperinsulinemia contributes to hyperandrogenism in different ways: by stimulating ovarian androgen synthesis and inhibiting hepatic production of sex hormone binding globulin. From the study of the intrauterine environment in recent years it has been suggested that PCOS may have an origin in utero associated with prenatal exposure to androgens. The aim of this paper is to review the main mechanisms proposed to cause the syndrome.
Assuntos
Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common gynecological endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, is characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation and /or polycystic ovaries. Although the cause of PCOS is still unknown, there are several hypotheses attempting to explain the primary defect; the most commonly accepted is insulin resistance. Due to its high prevalence, the patients have increased risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular alterations. The compensatory hyperinsulinemia contributes to hyperandrogenism in different ways: by stimulating ovarian androgen synthesis and inhibiting hepatic production of sex hormone binding globulin. From the study of the intrauterine environment in recent years it has been suggested that PCOS may have an origin in utero associated with prenatal exposure to androgens. The aim of this paper is to review the main mechanisms proposed to cause the syndrome.