RESUMO
A doubled haploid (DH) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) population of 334 lines (ND24260 × Flagship) genotyped with DArT markers was used to map genes for adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth) under field conditions in Australia and Uruguay. The Australian barley cultivar Flagship carries an APR gene (qRphFlag) derived from the cultivar Vada. Association analysis and composite interval mapping identified two genes conferring APR in this DH population. qRphFlag was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 5H (5HS), accounting for 64-85% of the phenotypic variation across four field environments and 56% under controlled environmental conditions (CEC). A second quantitative trait locus (QTL) from ND24260 (qRphND) with smaller effect was mapped to chromosome 6HL. In the absence of qRphFlag, qRphND conferred only a low level of resistance. DH lines displaying the highest level of APR carried both genes. Sequence information for the critical DArT marker bPb-0837 (positioned at 21.2 cM on chromosome 5HS) was used to develop bPb-0837-PCR, a simple PCR-based marker for qRphFlag. The 245 bp fragment for bPb-0837-PCR was detected in a range of barley cultivars known to possess APR, which was consistent with previous tests of allelism, demonstrating that the qRphFlag resistant allele is common in leaf rust resistant cultivars derived from Vada and Emir. qRphFlag has been designated Rph20, the first gene conferring APR to P. hordei to be characterised in barley. The PCR marker will likely be effective in marker-assisted selection for Rph20.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/patogenicidade , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Genes de Plantas , Hordeum/genética , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Austrália , Cromossomos de Plantas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genótipo , Hordeum/imunologia , Hordeum/microbiologia , Imunidade Inata , Fenótipo , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Imunidade Vegetal , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Locos de Características Quantitativas , UruguaiRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of expert examination for pulmonary stenosis (PS) among children with murmur. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred twenty-one consecutive, previously unevaluated, pediatric patients were enrolled. The investigators prospectively recorded their diagnosis and level of confidence, categorizing any PS suspected as mild or severe. After echocardiography, PS was categorized by severity with peak systolic flow velocity. Receiver operating characteristic curves described accuracy of clinical examination. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients had PS (mild, 29; moderate, 27; and severe, 6). Receiver operator characteristic curve areas were: total, 0.834 +/- 0.033; mild, 0.862 +/- 0.044; and moderate to severe, 0.809 +/- 0.046 (P =.20). Specific difficulties in discrimination of PS from small ventricular septal defect, aortic valve disease, atrial septal defect, and innocent murmur were identified. All cases of severe PS in which PS was suspected were thought possibly severe. CONCLUSIONS: Although expert clinical examination is highly accurate for distinguishing PS from non-PS cardiac murmurs in pediatric patients, it is imperfect.
Assuntos
Sopros Cardíacos/etiologia , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Ecocardiografia , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/classificação , Estenose da Valva Pulmonar/complicações , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
Because imipramine and desipramine have been implicated in sudden death in children, noninvasive electrophysiologic data were accumulated in 25 patients. Two children were excluded on the basis of resting electrocardiographic and Holter abnormalities. The remaining 23 patients received imipramine to a maximum dose of 5 mg/kg or a serum level of 150 to 250 ng/ml. Consistent but clinically insignificant resting electrocardiographic changes occurred during treatment. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring may be useful when one is assessing the cardiovascular risks of imipramine therapy.
Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/efeitos dos fármacos , Imipramina/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/tratamento farmacológico , Pré-Escolar , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Teste de Esforço , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Imipramina/administração & dosagem , Imipramina/uso terapêutico , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por ComputadorRESUMO
In a prospective study, 163 moderately malnourished children, living in the slums of Kingston, were followed up for one year. The anthropometric measurements in weight and length in those children receiving a High Energy Supplement (HES), and in wasting in those receiving, additionally, a course of metronidazole (MET) have been previously reported. The point prevalence as assessed by positive stool tests for helminths and parasites of the children treated with metronidazole, and if deemed necessary with mebendazole, increased significantly over the period of one year concurrent with improvement of their nutritional status (chi-2 = 13.57; p < .001). A significant increase was observed in both the supplemented and unsupplemented group (chi-2 = 3.98; p < .05 and chi-2 = 5.31; p < .05 respectively). Children receiving health care (HC) only, or health care and a high energy supplement (HC/HES) failed more than twice (17 per cent) as often the community-based management as those receiving additional metronidazole (HC/MET and HC/HES/MET) (8 per cent). Admissions to hospital for full nutritional and clinical recovery in the HC/HES group were mostly for enteric infections and septicaemia, while children in the MET groups were admitted for respiratory tract infections leading to anorexia. Malnourished children, managed in the community, are less likely to be admitted for failure if a course of metronidazole and mebendazole is given combined with their rehabilitation, using HES. This treatment reduces social and nutritional costs to the child, as well as costs to the public health service (AU)