RESUMO
PURPOSE: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are the most fatal primary brainstem tumors in pediatric patients. The identification of new molecular features, mediating their formation and progression, as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), would be of great importance for the development of effective treatments. METHODS: We analyzed the DIPGs transcriptome with the HTA2.0 array and it was compared with pediatric non-brainstem astrocytoma expression profiles (GSE72269). RESULTS: More than 50% of the differentially expressed transcripts were ncRNAs and based on this, we proposed a DIPGs ncRNA signature. LncRNAs XIST and XIST-210, and the HBII-52 and HBII-85 snoRNA clusters were markedly downregulated in DIPGs. qPCR assays demonstrated XIST downregulation in all non-brainstem astrocytomas, in a gender, age, and brain location-independent manner, as well as in DIPGs affecting boys; however, DIPGs affecting girls showed both downregulation and upregulation of XIST. Girls' with longer survival positively correlated with XIST expression. CONCLUSIONS: The involvement of ncRNAs in DIPGs is imminent and their expression profile is useful to differentiate them from non-neoplastic tissues and non-brain stem astrocytomas, which suggests their potential use as DIPG biomarkers. In fact, XIST and XIST-210 are potential DIPG prognostic biomarkers.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/diagnóstico , Glioma Pontino Intrínseco Difuso/diagnóstico , RNA não Traduzido/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Processamento Alternativo , Astrocitoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/genética , Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Glioma Pontino Intrínseco Difuso/diagnóstico por imagem , Glioma Pontino Intrínseco Difuso/genética , Glioma Pontino Intrínseco Difuso/mortalidade , Regulação para Baixo , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA Nucleolar Pequeno/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores Sexuais , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors associated with prosthetic knee infection in elderly patients in a referral hospital in Peru. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case and control study was performed. The calculated sample was 44 cases and 132 controls. The data were collected retrospectively from clinical records. U-Mann Whitney and Chi-square tests were performed in the comparison of cases and controls. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated in a binary logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors, a P<.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered significant. RESULTS: Significant (P<.05) risk factors evidenced in the bivariate analysis were obesity (OR=9.72; 95%CI: 4.47-21.14), smoking (OR=4.06; 95%CI: 1.59-10.39), rheumatoid arthritis (OR=4.66; 95%CI: 1.52-14.32), diabetes mellitus type2 (OR=5.63; 95%CI: 2.69-11.78), persistent drainage (OR=9.27; 95%CI: 3.85-22.31), superficial infection (OR=6.87; 95%CI: 3.25-14.49) and prolonged hospital stay (OR=4.67; 95%CI: 2.26-9.64). In the multivariate analysis where it was adjusted for confounding variables, it was determined that risk factors were obesity (ORa=9.14; 95%CI: 3.28-25.48), diabetes mellitus (ORa=3.77; 95%CI: 1.38-10.32), persistent drainage (ORa=4.64; 95%CI: 1.03-20.80) and superficial wound infection (ORa=27.35; 95%CI: 2.57-290.64). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for prosthetic knee infection identified in this study are preventable. The main risk factors were obesity, diabetes mellitus type2, superficial wound infection and persistent drainage, which were considered together or separately to be risk factors in the population studied.
Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/etiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Peru , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/complicaçõesRESUMO
Leptospirosis is a transmissible zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic strains of the genus Leptospira. Clinical signs in cattle are fever, haematuria, haemoglobinuria, meningitis, abortion, birth of weak calves and infertility; in the most severe cases, it can cause death to the animal. The few studies conducted in Ecuador, and in particular the province of Manabí, have revealed varying prevalence rates, ranging from 35.8% to 75%. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in cattle and to ascertain the main serovars circulating in the province of Manabí. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016, for which seven cantons were selected at random and a total of 854 animals from 67 herds were investigated. The samples were processed in the laboratories of the Animal Diagnostics Directorate of the Ecuadorian Agency for Agriculture Quality Assurance (AGROCALIDAD) in Tumbaco, using the microscopic agglutination test. The sera were analysed to check whether they contained any of the eight serovars of Leptospira interrogans circulating most frequently in the country: Canicola, Hardjo, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Wolffi, Bratislava and Copenhageni. Overall seroprevalence at herd level was 97.01%, with the most common serovars being Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava and Canicola. It was concluded that there is high seroprevalence at herd level in the province of Manabí.
La leptospirose est une maladie zoonotique infecto-contagieuse causée par des souches pathogènes du genre Leptospira. Chez les bovins, le tableau clinique de la maladie se caractérise par de la fièvre, une hématurie, une hémoglobinurie, une méningite, des cas d'avortement ou la naissance de veaux faibles et une infertilité ; dans les cas les plus graves, la maladie peut provoquer la mort de l'animal. En Équateur et plus précisément dans la province de Manabí, les rares études effectuées jusqu'à ce jour ont rapporté des taux de prévalence allant de 35,8 % à 75 %. Les auteurs présentent les résultats d'une étude visant à déterminer la prévalence sérologique de la leptospirose dans le cheptel bovin de la province de Manabí ainsi que les principaux sérovars présents. Une enquête épidémiologique transversale a été conduite de novembre 2015 à mars 2016 dans sept cantons choisis de manière aléatoire. Au total, 854 animaux appartenant à 67 élevages ont été testés. Les prélèvement ont été préparés par les laboratoires de la Direction du diagnostic vétérinaire de l'Agence équatorienne de la qualité agricole (AGROCALIDAD) de Tumbaco et soumis à une épreuve d'agglutination microscopique afin de déterminer s'ils contenaient l'un ou plusieurs des huit sérovars de Leptospira interrogans présents dans le pays, à savoir Canicola, Hardjo, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Wolffi, Bratislava et Copenhageni. La séroprévalence globale au niveau des troupeaux était de 97,01 %, les sérovars les plus fréquents étant Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava et Canicola. Les auteurs en concluent que la séroprévalence au niveau des troupeaux est élevée dans la province de Manabí.
La leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica infectocontagiosa causada por cepas patógenas del género Leptospira. En el ganado bovino, clínicamente se caracteriza por fiebre, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, meningitis, abortos y/o nacimiento de animales débiles e infertilidad, y, en los casos más graves, puede provocar la muerte de los animales. En Ecuador, y en concreto en la provincia de Manabí, los escasos estudios realizados denotan prevalencias variables, que van del 35,8% al 75%. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la seroprevalencia de la leptospirosis en el ganado bovino y conocer los principales serovares circulantes en la provincia de Manabí. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de tipo transversal en el período comprendido entre noviembre de 2015 y marzo de 2016, para el cual se seleccionaron siete cantones al azar y se investigaron un total 854 animales pertenecientes a 67 hatos. Las muestras se procesaron en los Laboratorios de la Dirección de Diagnóstico Animal de la Agencia Ecuatoriana para la Calidad del Agro (AGROCALIDAD) de Tumbaco utilizando la técnica de aglutinación microscópica, y los sueros se analizaron para comprobar si contenían cada uno de los ocho serovares de Leptospira interrogans de mayor circulación en el país: Canicola, Hardjo, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Wolffi, Bratislava y Copenhageni. La seroprevalencia general a nivel de hatos fue del 97,01%, siendo los más frecuentes los serovares Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Bratislava y Canicola. Se llegó a la conclusión de que en la provincia de Manabí existe una alta seroprevalencia a nivel de hatos.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Leptospira/classificação , Leptospirose/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Equador/epidemiologia , Feminino , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , SorogrupoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent trends in prostate biopsy analgesia suggest a combination anesthetic to provide better pain relief than periprostatic nerve block (PPNB) alone. This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of three intrarectal local anesthesia (IRLA) combined with PPNB in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized study, 120 prostate biopsy patients were equally divided into four IRLA groups: group 1 (placebo) received simple lubrication; group 2 received 2% lidocaine gel; group 3 received 100 mg indomethacin suppository and group 4 received 5% prilocaine/lidocaine (EMLA) cream. PPNB with 2% lidocaine was applied in all groups. A ten-point visual analog scale evaluated both pain associated with the probe insertion and pain associated with prostate sampling. Adverse effects or complications due to anesthesia during and after the procedure were documented. RESULTS: Compared with group 1, groups 3 and 4 had significantly lower pain scores at both probe insertion and prostate sampling while group 2 showed no significant differences at both pain scores. Moreover, group 4 showed significantly lower pain scores at probe insertion compared to group 3, while no significant difference was observed at prostate sampling. Mild complications were observed in all groups with no significant difference in the incidence of complications between groups. CONCLUSION: Intrarectal application of EMLA cream is a more efficient pain reduction than either 2% lidocaine gel or 100 mg indomethacin suppository when applied combined with PPNB. This combination represents an effective option of pain relief for patients undergoing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Indometacina/uso terapêutico , Lidocaína/uso terapêutico , Bloqueio Nervoso/métodos , Dor Processual/prevenção & controle , Prilocaína/uso terapêutico , Próstata/patologia , Administração Tópica , Idoso , Anestesia Local/métodos , Biópsia com Agulha de Grande Calibre/métodos , Endossonografia/métodos , Humanos , Biópsia Guiada por Imagem/métodos , Combinação Lidocaína e Prilocaína , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , RetoRESUMO
Submicroscopic duplications in the Miller-Dieker critical region have been recently described as new genomic disorders. To date, only a few cases have been reported with overlapping 17p13.3 duplications in this region. Also, small deletions that affect chromosome region 10p14âpter are rarely described in the literature. In this study, we describe, to our knowledge for the first time, a 5-year-old female patient with intellectual disability who has an unbalanced 10;17 translocation inherited from the father. The girl was diagnosed by subtelomeric FISH and array-CGH, showing a 4.43-Mb heterozygous deletion on chromosome 10p that involved 14 genes and a 3.22-Mb single-copy gain on chromosome 17p, which includes the critical region of the Miller-Dieker syndrome and 61 genes. The patient's karyotype was established as 46,XX.arr 10p15.3p15.1(138,206-4,574,436)x1,17p13.3(87,009-3,312,600)x3. Because our patient exhibits a combination of 2 imbalances, she has phenotypic features of both chromosome abnormalities, which have been reported separately. Interestingly, the majority of patients who carry the deletion 10p have visual and auditory deficiencies that are attributed to loss of the GATA3 gene. However, our patient also presents severe hearing and visual problems even though GATA3 is present, suggesting the involvement of different genes that affect the development of the visual and auditory systems.
RESUMO
El conocimiento de la concentración y la distribución espacial de los elementos químicos presentes en diferentes órganos y tejidos resulta un parámetro útil para el diagnóstico de determinadas patologías o niveles por sobre los límites tolerables, por lo tanto el conocimiento de los elementos presentes en un tejido vivo, su concentración y distribución espacial podría proporcionar información relevante respecto del estado de salud de un individuo. Se presenta una aplicación de una nueva técnica de fluorescencia rayos X dispersiva en energía mediante barrido, la cual se puede aplicar a muestras de diferente composición y forma, a diferencia de, la mayoría de las técnicas existentes, que son aplicables sólo a muestras planas. Esta técnica permite la obtención de imágenes bidimensionales de los elementos químicos presentes en las muestras de un modo tanto mono como multielemental. En este trabajo es aplicada a un conjunto muestras óseas humanas y tarso y dedos de Gallus gallus (pollo) faenado, obteniéndose una distribución espacial 2D con diferentes niveles de intensidad fluorescente dependiendo del elemento detectado y de su concentración. Las imágenes logradas consideran áreas de hasta104 mm2, con una resolución espacial de hasta 0,25 mm2 y en un tiempo de adquisición de alrededor de 20 min. También se lleva a cabo un cálculo de la dosis de la radiación asociada a este tipo de análisis XRF, encontrándose que los niveles aplicados para la obtención de una imagen XRF son tolerables. Lo anterior permite concluir que sería posible el uso de esta técnica para una aplicación in vivo.
The knowledge of the concentration and spatial distribution that chemical elements present in different organs and tissues is a useful parameter for diagnosis of certain diseases or element levels above limits accepted as healthy. Therefore, development of techniques to identify the chemical elements present in a living tissue and obtaining information about their concentration and spatial distribution might be relevant to determine an individual's health status. This work presents an application of a new X-ray fluorescence technique, energy dispersive by scanning, which can be applied to samples of different composition and shape, unlike most of the existing techniques, only applicable to flat samples. This technique allows the acquisition of two-dimensional images of the chemical elements present in a sample in both mono and multi-elemental mode. In this work the technique is applied to a set of human bone samples and tarsus and fingers of a dead Gallus gallus (chicken), obtaining a 2D spatial distribution with different levels of fluorescence intensity, depending on the detected element and its concentration. The acquired images consider areas up to 104 mm2, with a spatial resolution of 400 mm2 and an acquisition time of about 20 min. Calculations of the radiation dose associated with this type of XRF analysis were also carried out, and the findings show that the levels applied to obtain an XRF image are tolerable. The latter leads to the conclusion that it would be possible to use this technique for an in vivo application.
Assuntos
Adulto Jovem , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Osso e Ossos/efeitos da radiação , Raios X , Espectrometria por Raios X/métodos , Galinhas/anatomia & histologia , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Female urethral stenosis is not a very common pathology and its treatment is controversial. Therapeutic options vary from urethral dilatation and internal urethrotomy to other more complex reconstructive surgical techniques. The use of oral mucosa grafts to treat urethral stenosis has provided excellent long-term results in men, however there are few studies on their use in female urethral stenosis. We present our experience in the management of urethral stenosis using dorsal oral mucosa grafting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 2 cases of female patients with a history of repeated urinary tract infections associated with low obstructive uropathy. In both cases, we encountered distal urethral stenosis, where both were treated with urethral plasty by means of dorsal oral mucosa grafting. RESULTS: The surgery took place without complications. Hospitalization time was 24 hours in both cases. The catheter was removed on the tenth postoperative day. The urethrocystography showed good urethral calibre with no signs of urinary fistula. After a mean follow-up of 18 months, neither patient presented symptoms of low obstructive uropathy or urinary incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: Urethroplasty with dorsal oral mucosa grafting is a reproducible and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of urethral stenosis in women.
Assuntos
Mucosa Bucal/transplante , Estreitamento Uretral/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Recidiva , Transplante Heterotópico , Estreitamento Uretral/etiologia , Infecções Urinárias/complicaçõesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In the nervous system, rapid chemical neurotransmission is mediated by ionotropic receptors that are activated by ligand binding. Ligand binding to its receptor promotes the selective flow of ions into the cell which changes the electrical potential of the cell membrane. Cys-loop type receptors belong to the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, serotonin and zinc. Several studies showed that the activity of these receptors was modified in response to protein kinases A and C activation; the different results, apparently contradictory, could be explained by the involvement of several factors such as the type of subunits that make up these receptors, components of the cytoskeleton and sub-types of kinases and phosphatases present in nerve tissue studied. AIM: To review the effect of protein kinases A and C on the activity of cys-loop receptors. DEVELOPMENT: In this review we describe experiments conducted in different regions where it was determined the effect of these kinases on the function of neurotransmitter receptors mostly distributed in the nervous system. CONCLUSIONS: The cys-loop receptors regulation by protein kinases occurs through the activation of other receptors (cross-talk) that are expressed at different stages of development and nervous system areas.
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Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Receptores de Canais Iônicos de Abertura Ativada por Ligante com Alça de Cisteína/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Receptores de Canais Iônicos de Abertura Ativada por Ligante com Alça de Cisteína/química , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Receptores de Neurotransmissores/metabolismoRESUMO
Severe hemophilia A (HA) patients develop inhibitory alloantibodies to factor VIII:C and therefore require bypass agents that are scarce, expensive and may provoke secondary effects. Twenty-three severe HA patients who were high-responders to FVIII inhibitors were studied. FVIII:C activity in plasma was measured by one-stage activated partial thromboplastin time method, and the quantification of FVIII:C inhibitors was carried out by the Nijmegen-Bethesda method. Inhibition kinetics was assessed through serial plasma dilutions. FVIII:C activity was <1% in all patients. Kinetics behavior of the inhibitors was classified as type I in 14 patients, type II in four and an intermediate pattern that we named type III in one case. We were unable to apply the regression model to the remaining four of 23 patients in the study because of their low inhibitory titer (<3 Nijmegen-Bethesda units per ml). Seventy-eight percent of the patients with inhibitor type I did not respond to high doses of FVIII therapy, whereas 50% of patients with type II kinetics did (P = 0.5323). Generally, patients belonging to the same family had similar kinetics behavior as well as concordant treatment response. Although nonsignificant, our results suggest an association between kinetics behavior and treatment response that may be a valuable prognostic parameter for the management of these patients.