RESUMO
PURPOSE: There is extensive experimental and clinical evidence in the orthopedic area that prolonged use of nonselective (inhibitor of both cyclooxygenases 1 and 2) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can hinder long bone fracture healing, spinal fusion rate, and new bone formation around implants. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether nimesulide (Nimesulida, Medley S.A., Campinas, SP, Brazil), a preferential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, can hinder alveolar bone healing, in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Treated rats received oral doses (5 mg/kg/rat/day) of nimesulide from the day of tooth extraction until euthanasia 2 weeks later and control rats received tap water (n = 5 per group). The volume of neoformed bone inside the alveolar socket was estimated in semiserial longitudinal histological sections by a differential point-counting method, and the significance of the difference between groups was analyzed by Student t test (P < 0.05 for statistical significance). RESULTS: Histometric data confirmed histological observation that the volume fraction of new bone trabeculae in treated rats was not significantly different from that in control rats. CONCLUSION: Short-term treatment with nimesulide, although its capacity to inhibit preferentially the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2, does not interfere with alveolar bone healing in rats.
Assuntos
Processo Alveolar/efeitos dos fármacos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Alvéolo Dental/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Processo Alveolar/patologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Tecido Conjuntivo/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Conjuntivo/patologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/administração & dosagem , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Incisivo/cirurgia , Masculino , Modelos Animais , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoblastos/patologia , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sulfonamidas/administração & dosagem , Extração Dentária , Alvéolo Dental/patologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Prostaglandins control osteoblastic and osteoclastic function under physiological or pathological conditions and are important modulators of the bone healing process. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and consequently prostaglandins synthesis. Experimental and clinical evidence has indicated a risk for reparative bone formation related to the use of non-selective (COX-1 and COX-2) and COX-2 selective NSAIDs. Ketorolac is a non-selective NSAID which, at low doses, has a preferential COX-1 inhibitory effect and etoricoxib is a new selective COX-2 inhibitor. Although literature data have suggested that ketorolac can interfere negatively with long bone fracture healing, there seems to be no study associating etoricoxib with reparative bone formation. Paracetamol/acetaminophen, one of the first choices for pain control in clinical dentistry, has been considered a weak anti-inflammatory drug, although supposedly capable of inhibiting COX-2 activity in inflammatory sites. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether paracetamol, ketorolac and etoricoxib can hinder alveolar bone formation, taking the filling of rat extraction socket with newly formed bone as experimental model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The degree of new bone formation inside the alveolar socket was estimated two weeks after tooth extraction by a differential point-counting method, using an optical microscopy with a digital camera for image capture and histometry software. Differences between groups were analyzed by ANOVA after confirming a normal distribution of sample data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Histometric results confirmed that none of the tested drugs had a detrimental effect in the volume fraction of bone trabeculae formed inside the alveolar socket.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Acetaminofen/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , /efeitos adversos , Cetorolaco/efeitos adversos , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Sulfonas/efeitos adversos , Análise de Variância , Acetaminofen/farmacologia , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/efeitos adversos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1/farmacologia , /farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Consolidação da Fratura/efeitos dos fármacos , Cetorolaco/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Prostaglandins control osteoblastic and osteoclastic function under physiological or pathological conditions and are important modulators of the bone healing process. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity and consequently prostaglandins synthesis. Experimental and clinical evidence has indicated a risk for reparative bone formation related to the use of non-selective (COX-1 and COX-2) and COX-2 selective NSAIDs. Ketorolac is a non-selective NSAID which, at low doses, has a preferential COX-1 inhibitory effect and etoricoxib is a new selective COX-2 inhibitor. Although literature data have suggested that ketorolac can interfere negatively with long bone fracture healing, there seems to be no study associating etoricoxib with reparative bone formation. Paracetamol/acetaminophen, one of the first choices for pain control in clinical dentistry, has been considered a weak anti-inflammatory drug, although supposedly capable of inhibiting COX-2 activity in inflammatory sites. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether paracetamol, ketorolac and etoricoxib can hinder alveolar bone formation, taking the filling of rat extraction socket with newly formed bone as experimental model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The degree of new bone formation inside the alveolar socket was estimated two weeks after tooth extraction by a differential point-counting method, using an optical microscopy with a digital camera for image capture and histometry software. Differences between groups were analyzed by ANOVA after confirming a normal distribution of sample data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Histometric results confirmed that none of the tested drugs had a detrimental effect in the volume fraction of bone trabeculae formed inside the alveolar socket.