RESUMO
Data insufficiency is one of the main challenges faced in hydrological studies, including a lack of knowledge regarding flow duration curves (FDCs). Thus, homogeneous regions of streamflow were identified in the Amazon using the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) method. The PBM index was used to validate the clustering obtained via FCM, in turn, a homogeneity test based on the L-moment was applied to confirm the homogeneity in each defined region. Linear, power, exponential, logarithmic, quadratic and cubic mathematical models were fitted to the FDCs observed in the homogeneous regions. The models are the result of multiple regression analyses involving the parameters of the fitted FDC and the physico-climatic characteristics of the watersheds. The models were validated using the Jack-knife cross-validation method. The validation was satisfactory, with NASH coefficients higher than 0.50. Additionally, the standard deviation (RSR) of observations was less than 0.70, and the averages of the relative mean square error did not exceed 12.26%. These results are relevant for 89.91% of the analyzed watersheds and 73.58% of the study area. Thus, FDCs may be estimated in large parts of the Amazon, thereby making the methodology presented a valuable tool to support projects involving the planning and management of water resources.
Assuntos
Modelos Teóricos , Rios , Análise por ConglomeradosRESUMO
Three new 3-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-oxindole (1 and 2) and 4-hydroxy-pyran-2-one (3) derivatives, along with the known 3-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-oxindole (4) and 6-methoxy-N-methylisatin (5) were isolated from a marine Salinispora arenicola strain from sediments of the St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Brazil. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESIMS) data, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for 2 and 3. Compounds 1 to 5 were assayed for their antimicrobial properties, but only 4 and 5 were active against Enterococcus faecalis with MIC value of 15.6⯵g/mL.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Micromonosporaceae/química , Oxindóis/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Oxindóis/isolamento & purificação , Água do Mar/microbiologiaRESUMO
Evaluation of the body chemical composition of beef cattle can only be measured postmortem and those data cannot be used in real production scenarios to adjust nutritional plans. The objective of this study was to develop multiple linear regression equations from in vivo measurements, such as ultrasound parameters [backfat thickness (uBFT, mm), rump fat thickness (uRF, mm), and ribeye area (uLMA, cm2)], shrunk body weight (SBW, kg), age (AG, d), hip height (HH, m), as well as from postmortem measurements (composition of the 9th to 11th rib section) to predict the empty body and carcass chemical composition for Nellore cattle. Thirty-three young bulls were used (339 ± 36.15 kg and 448 ± 17.78 d for initial weight and age, respectively). Empty body chemical composition (protein, fat, water, and ash in kg) was obtained by combining noncarcass and carcass components. Data were analyzed using the PROC REG procedure of SAS software. Mallows' Cp values were close to the ideal value of number of independent variables in the prediction equations plus one. Equations to predict chemical components of both empty body and carcass using in vivo measurements presented higher R2 values than those determined by postmortem measurements. Chemical composition of the empty body using in vivo measurements was predicted with R2 > 0.73. Equations to predict chemical composition of the carcass from in vivo measurements showed R2 lower (R2< 0.68) than observed for empty body, except for the water (R2 = 0.84). The independent variables SBW, uRF, and AG were sufficient to predict the fat, water, energy components of the empty body, whereas for estimation of protein content the uRF, HH, and SBW were satisfactory. For the calculation of the ash, the SBW variable in the equation was sufficient. Chemical compounds from components of the empty body of Nellore cattle can be calculated by the following equations: protein (kg) = 47.92 + 0.18 × SBW - 1.46 × uRF - 30.72 × HH (R2 = 0.94, RMSPE = 1.79); fat (kg) = 11.33 + 0.16 × SBW + 2.09 × uRF - 0.06 × AG (R2 = 0.74, RMSPE = 4.18); water (kg) = - 34.00 + 0.55 × SBW + 0.10 × AG - 2.34 × uRF (R2 = 0.96, RMSPE = 5.47). In conclusion, the coefficients of determination (for determining the chemical composition of the empty body) of the equations derived from in vivo measures were higher than those of the equations obtained from rib section measurements taken postmortem, and better than coefficients of determination of the equations to predict the chemical composition of the carcass.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/química , Bovinos/fisiologia , Proteínas/análise , Animais , Biometria , Composição Corporal , Peso Corporal , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Ultrassonografia/veterinária , Água/análiseRESUMO
A new lactone, 7-epi-griffonilide (1), and six known compounds, 2, 3a - 3c, 4a and 4b, were isolated from the leaves of Bauhinia pentandra (Fabaceae). The structures elucidation of 1 and 2 were based on detailed 2D NMR techniques and spectral comparison with related compounds, leading to complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra.
Assuntos
Bauhinia/química , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Carbono-13/métodos , Estrutura Molecular , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Valores de Referência , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
ABSTRACT A new lactone, 7-epi-griffonilide (1), and six known compounds, 2, 3a - 3c, 4a and 4b, were isolated from the leaves of Bauhinia pentandra (Fabaceae). The structures elucidation of 1 and 2 were based on detailed 2D NMR techniques and spectral comparison with related compounds, leading to complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra.
Assuntos
Folhas de Planta/química , Bauhinia/química , Lactonas/isolamento & purificação , Lactonas/química , Valores de Referência , Estereoisomerismo , Estrutura Molecular , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Carbono-13/métodos , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética/métodosRESUMO
Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características físicas e microbiológicas de carnes maturadas e tenderizadas, comercializadas na região de Dracena, SP. Foram adquiridas aleatoriamente oito amostras de carne maturada e oito amostras de carne tenderizada de estabelecimentos comerciais, as quais foram submetidas a análises de pH, força de cisalhamento, perdas por cocção, cor e microbiologia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e oito repetições. Dentre as características físicas estudadas, foi observada diferença significativa entre os processos de amaciamento para pH, perdas por cocção, intensidade de vermelho (a*), intensidade de amarelo (b*) e teores de oximioglobina e metamioglobina (O/M) (P<0,05), sendo as carnes maturadas as que apresentaram menor pH e perdas por cocção e maior a*, b* e O/M. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os processos de amaciamento para força de cisalhamento e luminosidade. Dentre as características microbiológicas estudadas, foi observada diferença significativa entre os processos na contagem total de bactérias e no grupo de psicrotróficos (P<0,05), e não foi encontrada diferença entre os processos para o grupo de enterobactérias (P>0,05). As carnes bovinas maturadas e tenderizadas em comercialização na região de Dracena, SP, embora com diferenças bastante claras e perceptíveis ao olho humano em algumas características físicas, são semelhantes quanto à maciez e apresentam cor e qualidade microbiológica dentro dos padrões adequados para a comercialização e consumo humano...(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological characteristics of aged and tenderized beef commercialized in the Dracena region, SP. Eight samples of aged meat and eight samples of tenderized meat were randomly purchased from commercial establishments and submitted to measurements of pH, shear force, cooking losses and color and to microbiological analysis. A completely randomized design consisting of two treatments and eight replicates was used. Among the physical characteristics studied, significant differences between the tenderization processes were observed for pH, cooking loss, redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and oxymyoglobin/metmyoglobin ratio (O/M) (P<0.05), with aged meat exhibiting a lower pH and cooking losses and higher a*, b* and O/M values. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in shear force or lightness between processes. Microbiological analysis revealed a significant difference (P<0.05) in total bacterial count and psychotropic count between processes, while there was no difference in the number of enterobacteria (P>0.05) Despite clear and perceptible differences to the human eye in some physical characteristics, aged and tenderized beef commercialized in the Dracena region, SP, is similar in terms of tenderness and its color and microbiological quality meet the standards required for sale and human consumption...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Carne/microbiologia , Comercialização de Produtos , Carga Bacteriana , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Bovinos , Microbiologia de AlimentosRESUMO
Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características físicas e microbiológicas de carnes maturadas e tenderizadas, comercializadas na região de Dracena, SP. Foram adquiridas aleatoriamente oito amostras de carne maturada e oito amostras de carne tenderizada de estabelecimentos comerciais, as quais foram submetidas a análises de pH, força de cisalhamento, perdas por cocção, cor e microbiologia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e oito repetições. Dentre as características físicas estudadas, foi observada diferença significativa entre os processos de amaciamento para pH, perdas por cocção, intensidade de vermelho (a*), intensidade de amarelo (b*) e teores de oximioglobina e metamioglobina (O/M) (P0,05) entre os processos de amaciamento para força de cisalhamento e luminosidade. Dentre as características microbiológicas estudadas, foi observada diferença significativa entre os processos na contagem total de bactérias e no grupo de psicrotróficos (P0,05). As carnes bovinas maturadas e tenderizadas em comercialização na região de Dracena, SP, embora com diferenças bastante claras e perceptíveis ao olho humano em algumas características físicas, são semelhantes quanto à maciez e apresentam cor e qualidade microbiológica dentro dos padrões adequados para a comercialização e consumo humano...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological characteristics of aged and tenderized beef commercialized in the Dracena region, SP. Eight samples of aged meat and eight samples of tenderized meat were randomly purchased from commercial establishments and submitted to measurements of pH, shear force, cooking losses and color and to microbiological analysis. A completely randomized design consisting of two treatments and eight replicates was used. Among the physical characteristics studied, significant differences between the tenderization processes were observed for pH, cooking loss, redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and oxymyoglobin/metmyoglobin ratio (O/M) (P0.05) in shear force or lightness between processes. Microbiological analysis revealed a significant difference (P0.05) Despite clear and perceptible differences to the human eye in some physical characteristics, aged and tenderized beef commercialized in the Dracena region, SP, is similar in terms of tenderness and its color and microbiological quality meet the standards required for sale and human consumption...
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Carga Bacteriana , Carne/microbiologia , Comercialização de Produtos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Bovinos , Microbiologia de AlimentosRESUMO
The cytotoxic activities of extracts (50â µg/ml) from 48 fungal strains, recovered from sediments of Pecém's offshore port terminal (Northeast coast of Brazil), against HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines were investigated. The most promising extract was obtained from strain BRF082, identified as Dichotomomyces cejpii by phylogenetic analyses of partial RPB2 gene sequence. Thus, it was selected for bioassay-guided isolation of the cytotoxic compounds. Large-scale fermentation of BRF082 in potato dextrose broth, followed by chromatographic purification of the bioactive fractions from the liquid medium, yielded gliotoxin (4) and its derivatives acetylgliotoxin G (3), bis(dethio)bis(methylsulfanyl)gliotoxin (1), acetylgliotoxin (5), 6-acetylbis(dethio)bis(methylsulfanyl)gliotoxin (2), besides the quinazolinone alkaloid fiscalin B. All isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicities against the tumor cell lines HCT-116, revealing 4 and 3 as the most cytotoxic ones (IC50 0.41 and 1.06â µg/ml, resp.).
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Fungos/química , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Produtos Biológicos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Fungos/genética , Gliotoxina/análogos & derivados , Gliotoxina/química , Gliotoxina/isolamento & purificação , Gliotoxina/farmacologia , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Indóis/química , Indóis/isolamento & purificação , Indóis/farmacologia , Filogenia , Quinazolinas/química , Quinazolinas/isolamento & purificação , Quinazolinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The influence of different joining techniques on passive fit at the interface structure/abutment of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) superstructures has not yet been clearly established. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 3 different techniques of joining Co-Cr superstructures by measuring the resulting marginal misfit in a simulated prosthetic assembly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A specially designed metal model was used for casting, sectioning, joining, and measuring marginal misfit. Forty-five cast bar-type superstructures were fabricated in a Co-Cr alloy and randomly assigned by drawing lots to 3 groups (n=15) according to the joining method used: conventional gas-torch brazing (G-TB), laser welding (LW), and tungsten inert gas welding (TIG). Joined specimens were assembled onto abutment analogs in the metal model with the 1-screw method. The resulting marginal misfit was measured with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 3 different points: distal (D), central (C), and mesial (M) along the buccal aspect of both abutments: A (tightened) and B (without screw). The Levene test was used to evaluate variance homogeneity and then the Welsch ANOVA for heteroscedastic data (α=.05). RESULTS: Significant differences were found on abutment A between groups G-TB and LW (P=.013) measured mesially and between groups G-TB and TIG (P=.037) measured centrally. On abutment B, significant differences were found between groups G-TB and LW (P<.001) and groups LW and TIG (P<.001) measured mesially; groups G-TB and TIG (P=.007) measured distally; and groups G-TB and TIG (P=.001) and LW and TIG (P=.007) measured centrally. CONCLUSIONS: The method used for joining Co-Cr prosthetic structures had an influence on the level of resulting passive fit. Structures joined by the tungsten inert gas method produced better mean results than did the brazing or laser method.
Assuntos
Ligas de Cromo/química , Adaptação Marginal Dentária , Soldagem em Odontologia/métodos , Revestimento de Dentadura , Dente Suporte , Técnica de Fundição Odontológica , Retenção em Prótese Dentária , Prótese Dentária Fixada por Implante , Humanos , Lasers , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Gases Nobres , Gases em Plasma , Propriedades de Superfície , TungstênioRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression and muscle fiber types of Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) in Mediterranean buffaloes and possible fibers muscles modulation according to different slaughter weights. The presence of MyHC IIb isoforms was not found. Only three isoforms of MyHC (IIa, IIx/d and I) were observed and their percentages did not vary significantly among slaughter weights. The confirmation of the presence of hybrid muscles fibers (IIA/X) in LD and ST muscles necessitated classifying the fiber types into fast and slow according to their contractile activity, by m-ATPase assay. For both muscles, the muscle fiber frequency was higher for fast than for slow fibers in all weight groups. There was a difference (P<0.05) in the frequency of LD and ST muscle fiber types according to slaughter weights, which demonstrate that the slaughter weight influences the profile of muscle fibers from buffaloes.