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QUESTION: Are there differences in the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training on pelvic floor muscle strength and urinary incontinence symptoms in postmenopausal women who are and are not using hormone therapy? DESIGN: Randomised, controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessors, and intention-to-treat analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-nine postmenopausal women, 38 of whom were using daily systemic oestrogen/progestogen therapy. INTERVENTION: The experimental group (n=51) received an intensive supervised pelvic floor muscle training protocol, and the control group (n=48) received no intervention. The randomisation was stratified by hormone therapy use. OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in pelvic floor muscle strength assessed with manometry at 12 weeks. Prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence symptoms were assessed using questionnaires. RESULTS: Eighty-eight women provided data that could be included in the analysis. Pelvic floor muscle training increased pelvic floor muscle strength by 8.0 cmH2O (95% CI 3.4 to 12.6) in women not using hormone therapy and by -0.9 cmH20 (95% CI -6.5 to 4.8) in women using hormone therapy (interaction p=0.018). A sensitivity analysis showed that the greater training effect in women who were not using hormone therapy was still apparent if the analysis was conducted on percentage change in strength rather than absolute change in strength. There was also a significantly greater effect of training in women not using hormone therapy on prevalence of urinary incontinence symptoms (ratio of odds ratios=7.4; interaction p=0.028). The difference in effects on severity of urinary incontinence symptoms was not statistically significant (interaction p=0.37). CONCLUSION: Pelvic floor muscle training increases pelvic floor muscle strength more in women who are not using hormone therapy than in women using hormone therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02549729. [Ignácio Antônio F, Herbert RD, Bø K, Rosa-e-Silva ACJS, Lara LAS, Franco MdM, Ferreira CHJ (2018) Pelvic floor muscle training increases pelvic floor muscle strength more in post-menopausal women who are not using hormone therapy than in women who are using hormone therapy: a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy 64: 166-171].

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the inter-rater reliability of two raters for the mean and single maximal value of three vaginal maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) using the Peritron™ perineometer for study participants in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six low-risk pregnant women. METHODS: The assessments were done by two different examiners with an interval of 2 to 7 days. For statistical analysis, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland-Altman limits of agreement were used. RESULTS: For the overall sample, good reliability of 0.80 was found analyzing the mean of three MVCs and for the single maximal value (CCC = 0.79). Good reliability was found for the mean of three MVCs (0.81 and 0.78) for the first and second trimesters, respectively. Good reliability of 0.89 was found in the first trimester and a moderate reliability of 0.70 for the second trimester when analyzing the single maximal value of three MVCs. CONCLUSION: Good inter-rater reliability was found for the overall sample and first trimester of pregnancy for both mean values and single maximal values of the three MVCs. A good and moderate reliability was respectively found in the second trimester in analyzing the mean and single maximum values of three MVCs.

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INTRODUCTION: Female sexual dysfunction is a frequent problem that may be caused by several factors, such as pregnancy and diabetes, and that can affect the woman's quality of life. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the sexual function of pregnant women with gestational diabetes. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional clinical study involving 88 women, among which 33 were pregnant with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 55 were with low-risk pregnancy (LRP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a self-applicable questionnaire validated in Portuguese. All the pregnant women answered the questionnaire between the 20th and 25th week of gestation. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis by using the SAS version 9.2 procedure PROC MEANS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), whereas Student's t-test was applied by using the procedure PROC TTEST (SAS Institute Inc.) at a significance level of ≤5% for all analyses. RESULTS: The percentage of women presenting sexual dysfunction in each group was the following: 66.7% in Group GDM and 38.9% in the Group LRP, with significant difference between the groups (P = 0.03). However, no significant differences were found between the groups regarding sexual desire, excitement, lubrication, and pain. On the total score of FSFI, Group GDM had a score ≤26.55 (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Diabetic pregnant women were found to have a higher incidence of sexual dysfunction as their scores were lower for all FSFI domains compared with LRP females.

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Trata-se de um ensaio clínico prospectivo comparativo que objetivou comparar os efeitos do tratamento com eletroestimulação transvaginal (ET) e do nervo tibial (ENT) sobre a qualidade de vida (QV) e queixas de perda urinária em mulheres com bexiga hiperativa. Participaram 42 pacientes com bexiga hiperativa ou incontinência urinária (IU) mista e foram divididas para tratamento com ET ou ENT. A QV foi avaliada pelo questionário de QV genérico, o Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) e um questionário específico para IU, o Incontinence Quality of Life Instrument (I-QOL). Os relatos de perdas urinárias e incômodos ocasionados foram avaliados, respectivamente, por meio do diário miccional de 24 horas e Escala Visual Analógica (EVA). O tratamento foi realizado uma vez por semana, totalizando doze semanas. O grupo da ENT teve melhora significativa em três domínios do I-QOL, na EVA, que avaliou o grau de incômodo causado pela IU e em quatro aspectos do diário miccional. No grupo de ET houve melhora significativa de dois domínios do SF-36, três domínios do I-QOL, na EVA e em quatro aspectos do diário. Houve melhora da QV em ambos os grupos, assim como uma diminuição das queixas de perda urinária, entretanto, o grupo que recebeu ET obteve melhora nos escores em dois domínios do questionário de QV genérico após o tratamento, que teve limitação por aspectos físicos e limitação por aspectos emocionais. O que não ocorreu com o grupo de ENT.

This is a prospective comparative clinical study. This study aimed to compare the effects of intravaginal electrical stimulation therapy (IS) and the tibial nerve (TNS) on quality of life (QOL) and complaints of urinary incontinence in women with overactive bladder. Participants 42 patients with overactive bladder or urinary incontinence (UI) mix and were divided for treatment with IS or TNS. To assess QOL we used a generic QOL questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) and a specific questionnaire for urinary incontinence, the Incontinence Quality of Life Instrument (I-QOL). The reports of urinary incontinence and discomfort caused were evaluated, respectively, through the 24-hour voiding diary and visual analog scale (VAS). Treatment was performed once a week, twelve weeks in total. The PTNS group had significant improvement in three areas of the I-QOL in VAS, which assessed the degree of discomfort caused by IU and four aspects of voiding diary. In the IS group significantly improved in two domains of the SF-36 domains of the three I-QOL in VAS and on four issues of the journal. There was improvement in QOL in both groups, as well as a decrease in complaints of urinary leakage, however, the group that received IS had been improved scores in two areas of the generic QOL questionnaire after treatment, which were limited by the physical limitation and by emotional aspects. What did not happen with the group of TNS.

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