RESUMO
Respiratory diseases are highly prevalent and affect humankind worldwide, causing extensive morbidity and mortality with the environment playing an important role. Given the complex structure of the airways, sophisticated tools are required for early diagnosis; initial symptoms are nonspecific, and the clinical diagnosis is made frequently late. Over the past few years, proteomics has made high technological progress in mass-spectrometry-based protein identification and has allowed us to gain new insights into disease mechanisms and identify potential novel therapeutic targets. This review will highlight the contributions of proteomics toward the understanding of the respiratory proteome listing potential biomarkers and its potential application to the clinic. We also outline the contributions of proteomics to creating a personalized approach in respiratory medicine.
Assuntos
Pneumopatias/metabolismo , Medicina de Precisão , Proteoma/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Humanos , Pneumopatias/terapia , Proteômica , Rinite/metabolismo , Rinite/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Influenza viruses cause respiratory infection in humans and result in substantial illness, death, and economic burden. To date, however, the mechanisms by which these viruses cause disease are not fully understood. METHODS: To investigate the proteomic profile of children infected with seasonal influenza A virus, nasal aspirates derived from children (n = 12) experiencing flu symptoms caused by seasonal influenza A virus were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Control nasal samples were taken from the same group of children 8-10 weeks later when they were symptom free. RESULTS: Analysis of the 2-DE gels revealed eight spots differentially expressed, which were further analyzed using mass spectrometry. Ten proteins were found to be differentially upregulated in the infected children including PLUNC, cystatin S, cystatin SA, S100A9, lipocalin 1 fragments (n = 2), truncated lactotransferrin, two immunoglobulin (Ig) kappa fragments and one immunoglobulin (Ig) lambda fragment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that the composition of nasal secretions in influenza virus respiratory infections is different from that when children are healthy and may provide further insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory infections caused by seasonal influenza A viruses.