RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Itraconazole is the first-choice option to treat human and animal sporotrichosis. However, the emergence of itraconazole-resistant strains has encouraged research on new active antifungals. Among them, the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn., Lamiaceae) has shown antifungal activity in vitro. OBJECTIVE: Assessing, for the first time, the effectiveness of rosemary essential oil in vivo in experimental cutaneous sporotrichosis, as well as its chemical composition and action mode. METHODS: Itraconazole-resistant Sporothrix brasiliensis was inoculated in the left foot pad of 30 Wistar rats, which were randomized (n=10) for treatment with saline solution (control, CONT), itraconazole (ITRA, 10 mg/kg) and rosemary oil (ROSM, 250 mg/kg) for 30 days at an oral dose of 1 mL, daily. Clinical evolution, histopathology and fungal burden were investigated. GC-MS was used for chemical analysis; sorbitol protection and ergosterol effect were used to evaluate the action mechanism of rosemary oil. RESULTS: ROSM was the only group evolving to skin lesion remission, lack of edema and exudate, and mild-to-absent yeast cells. Rosemary oil delayed fungal spreading and protected systemic organs, mainly liver and spleen. The ROSM group presented lower fungal load than that observed for the CONT and ITRA groups (p<0.05). Antifungal action took place at complexation level after ergosterol application. Most compounds were 1,8-cineole/eucalyptol (47.91%), camphor (17.92%), and α-pinene (11.52%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings have evidenced that rosemary oil is a promising antifungal to treat sporotrichosis, since it protects systemic organs from fungal spread.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Rosmarinus , Animais , Ratos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Itraconazol/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , SporothrixRESUMO
Abstract Gastrointestinal nematodes are responsible for great economic losses in sheep raising, and their control has long been carried out almost exclusively by the administration of anthelmintics, which have led to serious resistance problems. In the search for alternative control measures, phytotherapic research is highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of Anethum graveolens (dill) essential oil on different stages of Haemonchus contortus life cycle, as well its cytotoxicity MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells. H. contortus larvae and eggs were obtained from infected sheep feces, and essential oil extracted from plant seeds through the Clevenger apparatus. 9.4, 4.7, 2.35, 1.17. 0.58 and 0.29 mg/mL concentrations were evaluated. The Egg Hatch Inhibition (HI), Larval Development Inhibition (LDI) and Larval Migration Inhibition (LMI) techniques were used. Thybendazole 0.025 mg/mL in HI and Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL in the LDI and LMI tests were used as positive controls, while distilled water and a Tween 80 solution were used as positive negative controls. The inhibition results obtained for the highest oil concentration were: HI 100%, LDI 98.58% and LMI 63.7%, differing (�� <0.05) from negative controls. Main A. graveolens oil components present in 95.93% of the total oil were Dihydrocarvone (39.1%), Carvone (22.24%), D-Limonene (16.84%), Apiol (10.49%) and Trans-dihydrocarvone (7.26%). Minimum A. graveolens essential oil concentrations required to inhibit 50% (IC50) of egg hatching, larval development and larval migration were 0.006 mg/mL, 2.536 mg/mL and 3.963 mg/mL, respectively. Cell viability in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells, when incubated with A. graveolens essential oil, was 86% for the highest (9.4 mg/mL) and 99% for the lowest concentration (0.29 mg/mL). A. graveolens essential oil, according to the results obtained in this study, is a promising alternative in sheep gastrointestinal nematode control.
Resumo Os nematoides gastrintestinais são responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas na ovinocultura, e seu controle tem sido realizado quase exclusivamente pela administração de anti-helmínticos, que levaram a sérios problemas de resistência. Na busca de medidas alternativas de controle, destaca-se a pesquisa fitoterápica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do óleo essencial de Anethum graveolens (endro) em diferentes estágios de Haemonchus contortus, bem como testar a viabilidade celular para o óleo. Larvas e ovos de H. contortus foram obtidos de fezes de ovinos infectados e óleo essencial extraído de sementes de plantas através do aparelho de Clevenger. As concentrações avaliadas foram 9,4, 4,7, 2,35, 1,17, 0,58 e 0,29 mg/mL. Verificou-se a Inibição de eclosão dos ovos (IE), Inibição de Desenvolvimento Larval (IDL) e Inibição de Migração Larval (IML). Tiabendazol 0,025 mg/mL em IE e Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL nos testes IDL e IML foram usados como controles positivos, enquanto água destilada e uma solução Tween 80 foram usados como controles negativos. Os resultados de inibição obtidos para a maior concentração de óleo foram: IE 100%, IDL 98,58% e IML 63,7%, diferindo (�� <0,05) dos controles negativos. Os principais componentes presentes em 95,93% do óleo total de A. graveolens foram Di-hidrocarvona (39,1%), Carvona (22,24%), D-Limoneno (16,84%), Apiol (10,49%) e Trans-di-hidrocarvona (7,26%). As concentrações mínimas de óleo essencial de A. graveolens necessárias para inibir 50% (IC50) de eclosão dos ovos, desenvolvimento larval e migração larval foram de 0,006 mg/mL, 2,536 mg/mL e 3,963 mg/mL, respectivamente. A viabilidade celular nas células MDBK (rim bovino Madin-Darby), quando incubadas com o óleo essencial de A. graveolens, foi de 86% para a maior (9,4 mg/mL) e 99% para a menor concentração (0,29 mg/mL). O óleo essencial de A. graveolens mostrou ser uma alternativa promissora no controle de nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos.
Assuntos
Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Anethum graveolens , Haemonchus , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Bovinos , Ovinos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , LarvaRESUMO
Gastrointestinal nematodes are responsible for great economic losses in sheep raising, and their control has long been carried out almost exclusively by the administration of anthelmintics, which have led to serious resistance problems. In the search for alternative control measures, phytotherapic research is highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of Anethum graveolens (dill) essential oil on different stages of Haemonchus contortus life cycle, as well its cytotoxicity MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells. H. contortus larvae and eggs were obtained from infected sheep feces, and essential oil extracted from plant seeds through the Clevenger apparatus. 9.4, 4.7, 2.35, 1.17. 0.58 and 0.29 mg/mL concentrations were evaluated. The Egg Hatch Inhibition (HI), Larval Development Inhibition (LDI) and Larval Migration Inhibition (LMI) techniques were used. Thybendazole 0.025 mg/mL in HI and Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL in the LDI and LMI tests were used as positive controls, while distilled water and a Tween 80 solution were used as positive negative controls. The inhibition results obtained for the highest oil concentration were: HI 100%, LDI 98.58% and LMI 63.7%, differing ( 0.05) from negative controls. Main A. graveolens oil components present in 95.93% of the total oil were Dihydrocarvone (39.1%), Carvone (22.24%), D-Limonene (16.84%), Apiol (10.49%) and Trans-dihydrocarvone (7.26%). Minimum A. graveolens essential oil concentrations required to inhibit 50% (IC50) of egg hatching, larval development and larval migration were 0.006 mg/mL, 2.536 mg/mL and 3.963 mg/mL, respectively. Cell viability in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells, when incubated with A. graveolens essential oil, was 86% for the highest (9.4 mg/mL) and 99% for the lowest concentration (0.29 mg/mL). A. graveolens essential oil, according to the results obtained in this study, is a promising alternative in sheep gastrointestinal nematode control.(AU)
Os nematoides gastrintestinais são responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas na ovinocultura, e seu controle tem sido realizado quase exclusivamente pela administração de anti-helmínticos, que levaram a sérios problemas de resistência. Na busca de medidas alternativas de controle, destaca-se a pesquisa fitoterápica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do óleo essencial de Anethum graveolens (endro) em diferentes estágios de Haemonchus contortus, bem como testar a viabilidade celular para o óleo. Larvas e ovos de H. contortus foram obtidos de fezes de ovinos infectados e óleo essencial extraído de sementes de plantas através do aparelho de Clevenger. As concentrações avaliadas foram 9,4, 4,7, 2,35, 1,17, 0,58 e 0,29 mg/mL. Verificou-se a Inibição de eclosão dos ovos (IE), Inibição de Desenvolvimento Larval (IDL) e Inibição de Migração Larval (IML). Tiabendazol 0,025 mg/mL em IE e Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL nos testes IDL e IML foram usados como controles positivos, enquanto água destilada e uma solução Tween 80 foram usados como controles negativos. Os resultados de inibição obtidos para a maior concentração de óleo foram: IE 100%, IDL 98,58% e IML 63,7%, diferindo ( 0,05) dos controles negativos. Os principais componentes presentes em 95,93% do óleo total de A. graveolens foram Di-hidrocarvona (39,1%), Carvona (22,24%), D-Limoneno (16,84%), Apiol (10,49%) e Trans-di-hidrocarvona (7,26%). As concentrações mínimas de óleo essencial de A. graveolens necessárias para inibir 50% (IC50) de eclosão dos ovos, desenvolvimento larval e migração larval foram de 0,006 mg/mL, 2,536 mg/mL e 3,963 mg/mL, respectivamente. A viabilidade celular nas células MDBK (rim bovino Madin-Darby), quando incubadas com o óleo essencial de A. graveolens, foi de 86% para a maior (9,4 mg/mL) e 99% para a menor concentração (0,29 mg/mL). O óleo essencial de A. graveolens mostrou ser uma alternativa promissora no controle de nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Óleos Voláteis , Helmintíase Animal/prevenção & controle , Anethum graveolens , Haemonchus , Doenças dos OvinosRESUMO
Gastrointestinal nematodes are responsible for great economic losses in sheep raising, and their control has long been carried out almost exclusively by the administration of anthelmintics, which have led to serious resistance problems. In the search for alternative control measures, phytotherapic research is highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of Anethum graveolens (dill) essential oil on different stages of Haemonchus contortus life cycle, as well its cytotoxicity MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells. H. contortus larvae and eggs were obtained from infected sheep feces, and essential oil extracted from plant seeds through the Clevenger apparatus. 9.4, 4.7, 2.35, 1.17. 0.58 and 0.29 mg/mL concentrations were evaluated. The Egg Hatch Inhibition (HI), Larval Development Inhibition (LDI) and Larval Migration Inhibition (LMI) techniques were used. Thybendazole 0.025 mg/mL in HI and Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL in the LDI and LMI tests were used as positive controls, while distilled water and a Tween 80 solution were used as positive negative controls. The inhibition results obtained for the highest oil concentration were: HI 100%, LDI 98.58% and LMI 63.7%, differing (ð <0.05) from negative controls. Main A. graveolens oil components present in 95.93% of the total oil were Dihydrocarvone (39.1%), Carvone (22.24%), D-Limonene (16.84%), Apiol (10.49%) and Trans-dihydrocarvone (7.26%). Minimum A. graveolens essential oil concentrations required to inhibit 50% (IC50) of egg hatching, larval development and larval migration were 0.006 mg/mL, 2.536 mg/mL and 3.963 mg/mL, respectively. Cell viability in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells, when incubated with A. graveolens essential oil, was 86% for the highest (9.4 mg/mL) and 99% for the lowest concentration (0.29 mg/mL). A. graveolens essential oil, according to the results obtained in this study, is a promising alternative in sheep gastrointestinal nematode control.
Assuntos
Anethum graveolens , Anti-Helmínticos , Haemonchus , Óleos Voláteis , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Bovinos , Larva , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , OvinosRESUMO
Objetivo: avaliar o efeito citotóxico in vitro causado pela exposição de células ao extrato aquoso de Waltheria douradinha, além de testar o potencial anti-inflamatório tópico em modelo experimental de inflamação. Material e métodos: Para citotoxicidade foram utilizadas concentrações a partir de 10% do extrato aquoso seguindo uma sequência de diluições. A leitura das placas se procedeu com corante de vermelho neutro em espectofotometro. O ensaio anti-inflamatório ocorreu por indução da inflamação no conduto auditivo de ratos induzidos por óleo de cróton 5% em acetona. Os animais foram alocados em grupos: extrato aquoso de W. douradinha 100%, 50% e 25%, e grupos controle positivo (betametasona), e controle negativo (solução fisiológica de NaCl 0,9%). O potencial anti-inflamatório dos tratamentos foi avaliado através de medição do bordo caudal da pinna auricular, assim como pelo peso de amostra obtida por punch. Também foram pesquisados compostos com ação anti-inflamatória comprovada através de análise cromatográfica. Resultados: quando comparados ao controle, as células expostas as concentrações a partir de 0,1% até 1% do extrato aquoso não demonstraram citotoxicidade, sendo caracterizadas como tóxicas as concentrações de 10, 5 e 1%. Para o ensaio anti-inflamatório, os roedores tratados com extrato aquoso de W. douradinha 50% equivaleram ao grupo controle com anti-inflamatório a...
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect caused by cell exposure to Waltheria douradinha aqueous extract, and to test the topical anti-inflammatory potential in an experimental model of inflammation. Material and methods: For cytotoxicity, concentrations from 10% of the aqueous extract were used following a dilution sequence. Plates were read with red-neutral dye in spectrophotometer. The antiinflammatory assay was by induction of inflammation in the ear canal of rats induced by 5% cróton-oil in acetone. The animals were allocated in groups: aqueous extract of W. douradinha 100%, 50% and 25%, and positive control groups (betamethasone) and negative control (0.9% NaCl physiological solution). The anti-inflammatory potential of the treatments was evaluated by measuring the caudal edge of the pinna, as well as the sample weight obtained by punch. Compounds with proven antiinflammatory action through chromatographic analysis were also investigated. Results: when compared to control, cells exposed to concentrations from 0.1% to 1% of the aqueous extract did not show cytotoxicity, being characterized as toxic concentrations of 10, 5 and 1%. For the anti-inflammatory assay, rodents treated with 50% aqueous extract of W. douradinha were equivalent to the control group with allopathic anti-inflammatory. Also flavonoid compounds of antiinflammatory action were identified: Luteolin, Kercetin, Kaempferol and Rutina. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of W. douradinha has cytotoxic activity at concentrations greater than 1%, besides demonstrating possibilities for effect as an edematogenic compound when administered to the outer ear of croton-oil induced rats.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Croton , Otite , Plantas Tóxicas/citologia , Plantas Tóxicas/toxicidade , Óleo de Cróton , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
Objetivo: avaliar o efeito citotóxico in vitro causado pela exposição de células ao extrato aquoso de Waltheria douradinha, além de testar o potencial anti-inflamatório tópico em modelo experimental de inflamação. Material e métodos: Para citotoxicidade foram utilizadas concentrações a partir de 10% do extrato aquoso seguindo uma sequência de diluições. A leitura das placas se procedeu com corante de vermelho neutro em espectofotometro. O ensaio anti-inflamatório ocorreu por indução da inflamação no conduto auditivo de ratos induzidos por óleo de cróton 5% em acetona. Os animais foram alocados em grupos: extrato aquoso de W. douradinha 100%, 50% e 25%, e grupos controle positivo (betametasona), e controle negativo (solução fisiológica de NaCl 0,9%). O potencial anti-inflamatório dos tratamentos foi avaliado através de medição do bordo caudal da pinna auricular, assim como pelo peso de amostra obtida por punch. Também foram pesquisados compostos com ação anti-inflamatória comprovada através de análise cromatográfica. Resultados: quando comparados ao controle, as células expostas as concentrações a partir de 0,1% até 1% do extrato aquoso não demonstraram citotoxicidade, sendo caracterizadas como tóxicas as concentrações de 10, 5 e 1%. Para o ensaio anti-inflamatório, os roedores tratados com extrato aquoso de W. douradinha 50% equivaleram ao grupo controle com anti-inflamatório a
RESUMO
Abstract Gastrointestinal nematodes are responsible for great economic losses in sheep raising, and their control has long been carried out almost exclusively by the administration of anthelmintics, which have led to serious resistance problems. In the search for alternative control measures, phytotherapic research is highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of Anethum graveolens (dill) essential oil on different stages of Haemonchus contortus life cycle, as well its cytotoxicity MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells. H. contortus larvae and eggs were obtained from infected sheep feces, and essential oil extracted from plant seeds through the Clevenger apparatus. 9.4, 4.7, 2.35, 1.17. 0.58 and 0.29 mg/mL concentrations were evaluated. The Egg Hatch Inhibition (HI), Larval Development Inhibition (LDI) and Larval Migration Inhibition (LMI) techniques were used. Thybendazole 0.025 mg/mL in HI and Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL in the LDI and LMI tests were used as positive controls, while distilled water and a Tween 80 solution were used as positive negative controls. The inhibition results obtained for the highest oil concentration were: HI 100%, LDI 98.58% and LMI 63.7%, differing ( 0.05) from negative controls. Main A. graveolens oil components present in 95.93% of the total oil were Dihydrocarvone (39.1%), Carvone (22.24%), D-Limonene (16.84%), Apiol (10.49%) and Trans-dihydrocarvone (7.26%). Minimum A. graveolens essential oil concentrations required to inhibit 50% (IC50) of egg hatching, larval development and larval migration were 0.006 mg/mL, 2.536 mg/mL and 3.963 mg/mL, respectively. Cell viability in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells, when incubated with A. graveolens essential oil, was 86% for the highest (9.4 mg/mL) and 99% for the lowest concentration (0.29 mg/mL). A. graveolens essential oil, according to the results obtained in this study, is a promising alternative in sheep gastrointestinal nematode control.
Resumo Os nematoides gastrintestinais são responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas na ovinocultura, e seu controle tem sido realizado quase exclusivamente pela administração de anti-helmínticos, que levaram a sérios problemas de resistência. Na busca de medidas alternativas de controle, destaca-se a pesquisa fitoterápica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do óleo essencial de Anethum graveolens (endro) em diferentes estágios de Haemonchus contortus, bem como testar a viabilidade celular para o óleo. Larvas e ovos de H. contortus foram obtidos de fezes de ovinos infectados e óleo essencial extraído de sementes de plantas através do aparelho de Clevenger. As concentrações avaliadas foram 9,4, 4,7, 2,35, 1,17, 0,58 e 0,29 mg/mL. Verificou-se a Inibição de eclosão dos ovos (IE), Inibição de Desenvolvimento Larval (IDL) e Inibição de Migração Larval (IML). Tiabendazol 0,025 mg/mL em IE e Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL nos testes IDL e IML foram usados como controles positivos, enquanto água destilada e uma solução Tween 80 foram usados como controles negativos. Os resultados de inibição obtidos para a maior concentração de óleo foram: IE 100%, IDL 98,58% e IML 63,7%, diferindo ( 0,05) dos controles negativos. Os principais componentes presentes em 95,93% do óleo total de A. graveolens foram Di-hidrocarvona (39,1%), Carvona (22,24%), D-Limoneno (16,84%), Apiol (10,49%) e Trans-di-hidrocarvona (7,26%). As concentrações mínimas de óleo essencial de A. graveolens necessárias para inibir 50% (IC50) de eclosão dos ovos, desenvolvimento larval e migração larval foram de 0,006 mg/mL, 2,536 mg/mL e 3,963 mg/mL, respectivamente. A viabilidade celular nas células MDBK (rim bovino Madin-Darby), quando incubadas com o óleo essencial de A. graveolens, foi de 86% para a maior (9,4 mg/mL) e 99% para a menor concentração (0,29 mg/mL). O óleo essencial de A. graveolens mostrou ser uma alternativa promissora no controle de nematoides gastrintestinais de ovinos.
RESUMO
Objetivo: avaliar o efeito citotóxico in vitro causado pela exposição de células ao extrato aquoso de Waltheria douradinha, além de testar o potencial anti-inflamatório tópico em modelo experimental de inflamação. Material e métodos: Para citotoxicidade foram utilizadas concentrações a partir de 10% do extrato aquoso seguindo uma sequência de diluições. A leitura das placas se procedeu com corante de vermelho neutro em espectofotometro. O ensaio anti-inflamatório ocorreu por indução da inflamação no conduto auditivo de ratos induzidos por óleo de cróton 5% em acetona. Os animais foram alocados em grupos: extrato aquoso de W. douradinha 100%, 50% e 25%, e grupos controle positivo (betametasona), e controle negativo (solução fisiológica de NaCl 0,9%). O potencial anti-inflamatório dos tratamentos foi avaliado através de medição do bordo caudal da pinna auricular, assim como pelo peso de amostra obtida por punch. Também foram pesquisados compostos com ação anti-inflamatória comprovada através de análise cromatográfica. Resultados: quando comparados ao controle, as células expostas as concentrações a partir de 0,1% até 1% do extrato aquoso não demonstraram citotoxicidade, sendo caracterizadas como tóxicas as concentrações de 10, 5 e 1%. Para o ensaio anti-inflamatório, os roedores tratados com extrato aquoso de W. douradinha 50% equivaleram ao grupo controle com anti-inflamatório a...(AU)
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect caused by cell exposure to Waltheria douradinha aqueous extract, and to test the topical anti-inflammatory potential in an experimental model of inflammation. Material and methods: For cytotoxicity, concentrations from 10% of the aqueous extract were used following a dilution sequence. Plates were read with red-neutral dye in spectrophotometer. The antiinflammatory assay was by induction of inflammation in the ear canal of rats induced by 5% cróton-oil in acetone. The animals were allocated in groups: aqueous extract of W. douradinha 100%, 50% and 25%, and positive control groups (betamethasone) and negative control (0.9% NaCl physiological solution). The anti-inflammatory potential of the treatments was evaluated by measuring the caudal edge of the pinna, as well as the sample weight obtained by punch. Compounds with proven antiinflammatory action through chromatographic analysis were also investigated. Results: when compared to control, cells exposed to concentrations from 0.1% to 1% of the aqueous extract did not show cytotoxicity, being characterized as toxic concentrations of 10, 5 and 1%. For the anti-inflammatory assay, rodents treated with 50% aqueous extract of W. douradinha were equivalent to the control group with allopathic anti-inflammatory. Also flavonoid compounds of antiinflammatory action were identified: Luteolin, Kercetin, Kaempferol and Rutina. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of W. douradinha has cytotoxic activity at concentrations greater than 1%, besides demonstrating possibilities for effect as an edematogenic compound when administered to the outer ear of croton-oil induced rats.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Plantas Tóxicas/citologia , Plantas Tóxicas/toxicidade , Otite , Croton , Óleo de Cróton , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
Abstract The aims of this research were: evaluate the chemical composition and the cytotoxicity of the Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Anethum graveolens (dill), Pimpinella anisum (anise) and Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oils, as well as their antifungal activity in vitro against ten Candida spp. isolates. The chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The cytotoxicity assays were performed, using the cell proliferation reagent WST-1 in L929 mouse fibroblasts (20x103 well-1). The determinate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), was performed through the Broth Microdilution technique (CLSI). The chemical main components were the cuminaldehyde (32.66%) for cumin, carvone (34.89%) for the dill, trans-anethole (94.01%) for the anise and anethole (79.62%) for the fennel. Anise and fennel did not were cytotoxic in all the tested concentrations, however the cumin oil was cytotoxic in the concentration of 20 mg.mL-1 and the dill in the concentrations of 20 and 8 mg.mL-1. All yeasts were susceptible against the evaluated essential oils. Cumin presented the lowest MIC against yeasts. We concluded that all the essential oils presented inhibitory action against Candida spp., and C . cyminum, P. anisum and F. vulgare were not cytotoxic in the same minimum inhibitory concentrations for the fungi.
Resumo Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram: avaliar a composição química e a citotoxicidade dos óleos essenciais de Cuminum cyminum (cominho), Anethum graveolens (endro), Pimpinella anisum (erva-doce) e Foeniculum vulgare (funcho), bem como sua atividade antifúngica in vitro contra dez isolados de Candida spp.. A composição química dos óleos foi analisada por meio de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (GC / MS). Os ensaios de citotoxicidade foram realizados, utilizando o reagente de proliferação celular WST-1 em fibroblastos de ratinho L929 (20x103 poço-1). A determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (MIC) foi realizada através da técnica de microdiluição em caldo (CLSI). Os principais componentes químicos foram o cuminaldeído (32.66%) para cominho, carvona (34.89%) para o endro, trans-anetol (94.01%) para erva-doce e anetol (79.62%) para a funcho. O endro e a erva-doce não foram citotóxicos em todas as concentrações testadas, no entanto, o óleo de cominho foi citotóxico na concentração de 20 mg.mL-1 e o endro nas concentrações de 20 e 8 mg.mL-1. Todas as leveduras foram suscetíveis aos óleos essenciais avaliados. O cominho apresentou a menor CIM contra as leveduras. Concluímos que todos os óleos essenciais apresentaram ação inibidora contra Candida spp., e C. cyminum, P. anisum e F. vulgare não foram citotóxicos nas mesmas concentrações inibitórias mínimas para os fungos.
Assuntos
Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Apiaceae/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Técnicas In Vitro , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Boca/microbiologiaRESUMO
The aims of this research were: evaluate the chemical composition and the cytotoxicity of the Cuminum cyminum (cumin), Anethum graveolens (dill), Pimpinella anisum (anise) and Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oils, as well as their antifungal activity in vitro against ten Candida spp. isolates. The chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The cytotoxicity assays were performed, using the cell proliferation reagent WST-1 in L929 mouse fibroblasts (20x103 well-1). The determinate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), was performed through the Broth Microdilution technique (CLSI). The chemical main components were the cuminaldehyde (32.66%) for cumin, carvone (34.89%) for the dill, trans-anethole (94.01%) for the anise and anethole (79.62%) for the fennel. Anise and fennel did not were cytotoxic in all the tested concentrations, however the cumin oil was cytotoxic in the concentration of 20 mg.mL-1 and the dill in the concentrations of 20 and 8 mg.mL-1. All yeasts were susceptible against the evaluated essential oils. Cumin presented the lowest MIC against yeasts. We concluded that all the essential oils presented inhibitory action against Candida spp., and C . cyminum, P. anisum and F. vulgare were not cytotoxic in the same minimum inhibitory concentrations for the fungi.