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The aims of the present study are to investigate the magnitude and direction of the elbow torque asymmetries in manual wheelchair users and to verify the agreement levels of the asymmetry's direction between different velocities and contraction modes in the isokinetic test. The sample was composed of 14 manual wheelchair users (four women, 10 men). The peak torque of the elbow flexors and extensors were measured on the dominant and non-dominant limbs, using a set of concentric/eccentric contractions at speeds of 60°â€…s-1 and 180°â€…s-1. Asymmetries were calculated by a specific equation, and the levels of agreement of the asymmetry's direction were calculated using Kappa coefficient. The main results showed a large variability in the magnitude of the asymmetries, ranging from -73.1% (ND) to 59.9% (D) between participants. The agreement levels of the elbow flexors and extensors between the different contraction modes were great (k = 0.71-0.85) for most of the velocities [except for flexors of 60°â€…s-1 (k = 0.29)], but the agreement levels were only slight to fair (k = 0.16-0.31) for most of the contraction modes when comparing between velocities [except for flexors eccentric (k = 0.71)]. In conclusion, the elbow torque asymmetries are highly variable between subjects in terms of magnitude. In addition, in general, the limb favored by the asymmetry is the same when comparing between velocities, but not when comparing between contraction modes.

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Abstract Aim: This study aimed to verify the data reliability of muscle architecture (MA) variables, and the relationship between MA and the isometric peak torque (PT) of the monoarticular and biarticular knee extensor (KE) muscle in physically inactive women. Methods: Ten physically inactive women (24.0 ± 1.64 years; 162.9 ± 5.34 cm; 63.5 ± 11.90 kg) participated in the study. An ultrasound device assessed the MA variables (muscle thickness, fascicle length, and pennation angle) of the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Rectus Femoris (RF), and an isokinetic dynamometer assessed the PT. Pearson correlation evaluated the relationship between PT and MA variables, with a significance level of 5%. Additionally, the intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, and standard error of measurement. Results: Excellent reliability between images was observed, and no significant relationships were observed between the PT and MA variables of the VL and RF. Conclusion: Isolated variables of the MA of a monoarticular or a biarticular muscle do not influence the production of the isometric PT of the KE.

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AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of Heart Rate (HR) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) for 21 of 34 original Mat Pilates (MP) exercises, to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and energy expenditure (EE) of a MP session. METHODS: Ten participants volunteered (26.30 ±â€¯3.98 yrs) to measure the intensity of each exercise; HR and RPE were monitored immediately after the end of each exercise. VO2maxwas estimated using the Astrand-Ryhming step submaximal test, and EE by a linear regression equation. HR and RPE mean values and standard deviations were calculated for each exercise. RESULTS: The maximum value for each participant normalized the EE and VO2max values, which were ranked from highest to lowest. The percentage of the mean values of HRmax and RPEmax in each exercise showed significant, strong and positive correlation (p = 0.82; p = 0.001). In 10 exercises, HR was 60% higher than HRmax. The mean values of EE and VO2max were 213.71 ±â€¯(76.41) Kcal and 34.69 ml (Kg.min)-1 (±3.5), respectively, for the entire MP session. Half of the exercises achieved moderate intensity in HR with low estimated VO2max during the whole MP session. However, if the MP session of this study was practiced five times per week, it would meet the weekly American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) EE recommendations. CONCLUSION: The 21 MP exercises monitored in this study promote considerably acute and high increments in HR and RPE.

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Objective: Analyze and compare the lifestyle of public transport drivers and fare collectors. Methods: Descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study with 88 bus drivers and 75 fare collectors from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. To determine the domain scores (nutrition, physical activity, preventive behavior, social relationship and stress control), the Individual Lifestyle Profile questionnaire and anamnesis were applied. Data collection took place from September to October 2016. The maximum significance level assumed was 5% (p≤0.05). Chi-square test was used to assess the association between responses and job function, and T-test for independent samples was used to compare variables between groups. Results: There was a statistical difference (p>0.001) between bus drivers and fare collectors for age (40,36±8,55; 31,30 ± 8,68 years), time in function (11,47±8,53; 6,14±5,46 years) and time in the transport company (12,8±6,64; 6,35±5,56 years) and there was no association between the answers of the questions and the function performed (p>0.05). Considering the five domains, the workers showed negative behavior for nutrition (p=0.68) and physical activity (p=0.50), and regular behavior for preventive behavior (p=0.09), social relationships (p=0.45) and stress control (p=0.98), without significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Comparing bus drivers and fare collectors, it is noteworthy that there are differences in age, time in function and time in the company, but not in lifestyle and the public transport workers have a negative lifestyle profile in nutrition and physical activity.

Objetivo: Analisar e comparar o estilo de vida dos motoristas e cobradores de tarifa do transporte público. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal, com 88 motoristas de ônibus e 75 cobradores de tarifa de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Para determinar os escores dos domínios (nutrição, atividade física, comportamento preventivo, relacionamento social e controle do estresse) aplicou-se o questionário Perfil Individual do Estilo de Vida e anamnese. A coleta de dados decorreu entre setembro e outubro de 2016. Considerou-se o nível de significância máximo assumido 5% (p≤0,05) e usou-se o teste qui-quadrado para avaliar a associação entre as respostas e a função do trabalho, e teste T para amostras independentes para comparar as variáveis entre os grupos. Resultados: Houve diferença estatística (p>0,001) entre motoristas de ônibus e cobradores de tarifa para: idade (40,36±8,55; 31,30±8,68 anos), tempo na função (11,47±8,53; 6,14±5,46 anos) e tempo na empresa (12,8±6,64; 6,35±5,56 anos), e não houve associação das respostas das perguntas com a função desempenhada (p>0,05). Considerando os cinco domínios, os trabalhadores apresentaram comportamento negativo para nutrição (p=0,68) e atividade física (p=0,50), e comportamento regular para comportamento preventivo (p=0,09), relações sociais (p=0,45) e controle de estresse (p=0,98), sem diferenças significativas entre grupos. Conclusão: Comparando-se os motoristas de ônibus e os cobradores de tarifa investigados, destaca-se que há diferenças na idade, no tempo na função e no tempo na empresa, mas não no estilo de vida, e que trabalhadores do transporte público possuem um perfil de estilo de vida negativo nos domínios de nutrição e atividade física.

Objetivo: Analizar y comparar el estilo de vida de los conductores y cobradores de tasas del transporte público. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal con 88 conductores de autobuses y 75 cobradores de tarifa de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se aplicó el cuestionario Perfil Individual del Estilo de Vida y anamnesis para determinar las puntuaciones de los dominios (nutrición, actividad física, conducta de prevención, relacionamiento social y el control del estrés). La recogida de datos se dio entre septiembre y octubre de 2016. Se ha considerado el nivel de significancia máximo del 5% (p≤0,05) y se ha utilizado la prueba de chi-cuadrado para evaluar la asociación entre las respuestas y la función del trabajo, la prueba T para muestras independientes para comparar las variables entre los grupos. Resultados: Hubo diferencia estadística (p>0,001) entre los conductores de autobús y los cobradores de tarifa para: edad (40,36±8,55; 31,30±8,68 años), tiempo de función (11,47±8,53; 6,14±5,46 años) y tempo en la empresa (12,8±6,64; 6,35±5,56 años) y no hubo asociación entre las respuestas de las preguntas y la función realizada (p>0,05). Considerándose los cinco dominios, los trabajadores presentaron conducta negativa para nutrición (p=0,68) y actividad física (p=0,50), y conducta regular para la conducta de prevención (p=0,09), las relaciones sociales (p=0,45) y el control del estrés (p=0,98), sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Conclusión: Comparándose los conductores de autobús y los cobradores de tarifa investigados, destacase que hay diferencias en la edad, en el tempo de función y en el tiempo de empresa pero no en el estilo de vida, y que los trabajadores del transporte público tiene un perfil de estilo de vida negativo para los dominios nutrición y actividad física.

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In Brazil, the evidence indicates a high prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image (BI) among adult women. Studies show that gym goers have characteristics that differ from other populations. Specif-ically, women who practice strength training (ST) exhibit intense concern about well-being, which presents as strong self-criticism of the body. This group of women are typically in search for an ideal body pattern stipulated by society. The purpose of the present study was to identify in the women the perception with BI, classify then as satisfied or dissatisfied, and association this information whit age group, anthropometric indicators (body mass index and perimeter of waist), and variables related to the practice of ST (purpose and time of the practice). The sample group consisted of 77 women aged 20 to 54 years (29.83 ± 9.75) who practiced ST. For the assessment of BI, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used in addition to a questionnaire around the other variables. A descriptive analysis was used, chi-squared test and Fisher's Exact test were adopted at a significance level of 5%. The results demonstrated that among all participants, 87.0% were satisfaction with BI. It was found association direct with the dissatisfaction of BI with the purpose of the practice of ST (p = 0.031) and with the practice time (p = 0.030). Were found, in which the women less satisfied with their BI were those who trained for body mass control and practiced ST for more than 6 months. The other variables did not show significant associations with BI. It is concluded that the women who practice ST have shown a positive perception regarding their body image, associated to the objective and the time of the practice

No Brasil, evidências indicam uma elevada prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IC) entre as mulheres adultas. Estudos mostram que frequentadores de academias têm características que o diferem de ou-tras populações. As mulheres praticantes de treinamento de força (TF) demonstram preocupação intensa com o bem-estar e forte autocrítica em relação ao corpo. Essas mulheres tendem a buscar o padrão ideal estipulado pela sociedade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar em mulheres praticantes de TF a percepção da IC, classificá-lo como satisfeita ou insatisfeita, e associar com a idade, indicadores antropométricos (índice de massar corporal e circunferência da cintura) e variáveis relacionadas ao TF (objetivos da prática e tempo de prática). Participaram do estudo 77 mulheres de 20 a 54 anos (29,83 ± 9,75). Para a avaliação da IC uti-lizou-se o Body Shape Questionaire (BSQ) e um questionário para as demais variáveis. Utilizou-se análise descritiva, o teste Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Os resultados demonstraram que dentre as participantes, 87,0% estavam satisfeitas com a IC. Foram encontradas associações diretas da insatisfação da IC com o ob-jetivo (p = 0,031) e com o tempo da prática (p = 0,030). As mulheres menos satisfeitas com a sua IC eram as que treinavam com o objetivo de controle da massa corporal e praticavam TF há mais de 6 meses. As demais variáveis não demonstraram associações significativas com a IC. Conclui-se que as mulheres praticantes do TF demonstraram ter uma percepção positiva com relação a sua imagem corporal, associada ao objetivo e ao tempo da prática

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BACKGROUND: Accuracy is essential to the validity of functional capacity measurements. AIM: To evaluate the error of measurement of functional capacity tests for elders and suggest the use of the technical error of measurement and credibility coefficient. METHODS: Twenty elders (65.8 ± 4.5 years) completed six functional capacity tests that were simultaneously filmed and timed by four evaluators by means of a chronometer. A fifth evaluator timed the tests by analyzing the videos (reference data). RESULTS: The means of most evaluators for most tests were different from the reference (p < 0.05), except for two evaluators for two different tests. There were different technical error of measurement between tests and evaluators. The Bland-Altman test showed difference in the concordance of the results between methods. Short duration tests showed higher technical error of measurement than longer tests. In summary, tests timed by a chronometer underestimate the real results of the functional capacity. DISCUSSION: Difference between evaluators' reaction time and perception to determine the start and the end of the tests would justify the errors of measurement. CONCLUSION: Calculation of the technical error of measurement or the use of the camera can increase data validity.

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Abstract Introduction Dizziness is a symptom that can lead to falls, which, in turn, undermine oné s independence and autonomy, leading to several comorbidities. The practice of physical exercise, however, can help prevent falls. Objective The objective of this study is to confirm the association between physical exercise, dizziness, probability of falling, and depressive symptoms in a group of middleaged adults and seniors. Methods The authors evaluated subjects based on history, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and functional reach test. Results The sample consisted of 90 individuals with a mean age of 69.3 6.8 years. The authors found that 37.8% had been practicing exercise, 33.7% had depressive symptoms, and their probability of falling was above average in the functional reach test. Conclusion The results of this study indicated an association between dizziness, exercise practice and depressive symptoms, indicating that physical activity is a beneficial factor for the aging population.

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A ginástica, enquanto manifestação da cultura corporal e conteúdo fundamental da Educação Física vêm, ao longo dos anos, perdendo espaço nas aulas de Educação Física escolar no Brasil, e ascendendo nas academias de ginástica. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo gerar reflexões em relação à ginástica no ambiente escolar e nas academias de ginástica, buscando explicações para estes rumos indesejados seguidos em nosso país. É preocupante o fato da Educação Física escolar brasileira restringir seu conteúdo ao esporte, deixando de lado a ginástica e outros temas da cultura corporal. É também incômodo o vínculo da ginástica de academia com o consumo característico da sociedade atual. Percebe-se a urgência em se ampliar a aborgagem dos conteúdos da ginástica nos cursos de formação inicial em Educação Física, possibilitando a incorporação dos conhecimentos necessários para desenvolver com qualidade e segurança o trabalho de ginástica, independentemente do contexto em que é desenvolvido.

As a manifestation of physical culture and essential content of physical education courses, Gymnastics has been extinguished from lessons of Physical Education in Brazil, and has been ascending in the gyms. This study aims to reflect about Gymnastics in schools and gyms, seeking explanations for these unwanted directions taken Brazil. It is worrying the fact that Physical Education in Brazilian schools have its lessons based mainly in sports, leaving aside other issues of body culture. It is also uncomfortable the bond of fitness center with the characteristic of the current consumption society. We realize the urgency of expanding the content of gymnastics in Physical Education undergraduate courses, enabling the incorporation of knowledge necessary to develop gymnastics content, regardless its place where it is developed.

La gimnasia, como manifestación de la cultura corporal y contenido fundamental de la Educación Física, viene perdiendo espacio en las clases de Educación Física escolar en el Brasil y creciendo en los gimnasios. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo generar reflexiones con relación a la gimnasia en el ambiente escolar y los gimnasios, buscando explicaciones para estos rumbos indeseados tomados en Brasil. Es preocupante el hecho que la Educación Física escolar brasilera restrinja su contenido al deporte, dejando de lado la gimnasia y otros temas como la cultura corporal. Es también incómodo el vínculo de la gimnasia practicada en los gimnasios con el consumo que caracteriza a la sociedad actual. Se percibe la urgencia de ampliar el abordaje de los contenidos de gimnasia en los cursos de formación inicial de Educación Física, posibilitando incorporar los conocimientos necesarios para desarrollar con claridad y seguridad el trabajo de la gimnasia, independientemente del contexto.

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Introduction Dizziness is a symptom that can lead to falls, which, in turn, undermine onés independence and autonomy, leading to several comorbidities. The practice of physical exercise, however, can help prevent falls. Objective The objective of this study is to confirm the association between physical exercise, dizziness, probability of falling, and depressive symptoms in a group of middle-aged adults and seniors. Methods The authors evaluated subjects based on history, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and functional reach test. Results The sample consisted of 90 individuals with a mean age of 69.3 ± 6.8 years. The authors found that 37.8% had been practicing exercise, 33.7% had depressive symptoms, and their probability of falling was above average in the functional reach test. Conclusion The results of this study indicated an association between dizziness, exercise practice and depressive symptoms, indicating that physical activity is a beneficial factor for the aging population.

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BACKGROUND: Different limb training demands and limb preference may determine anthropometric and muscle force inter-limb asymmetries in Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) athletes. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of lateral preference of the lower extremity on anthropometric, range of motion, and isokinetic torque measurements of RG athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional study. METHODS: Lower limb anthropometric measurements (girth, estimated anatomical cross-sectional area), hip, knee and ankle range of motion, flexor and extensor isokinetic torques (angular velocities = 60, 180, e 240 °·s(-1)) and bilateral asymmetry index were evaluated in 11 international level Rhythmic Gymnastics athletes (17.9 ± 4.0 years of age; 9.1 ± 5,1 years of experience; 26.8 ± 6.0 weekly training hours). RESULTS: The preferred limb showed larger thigh girth and anatomical cross-sectional area, higher ankle dorsiflexor range of motion, higher hip flexor torque at 60 °·s(-1) and higher plantarflexor torque at 180 °·s(-1) compared to the non-preferred limb. CONCLUSIONS: The observed differences seem to be strictly related to lateral preference and rhythmic gymnastics training. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: 3.