RESUMO

High Jequitinhonha Valley is a region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, where agriculture is underdeveloped and the agricultural systems have low efficiency and yield rates. As a result, environmental degradation rates are high, and it is thus necessary to adjust the soil management techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the notillage of common bean with the direct desiccation of a sandy soil native field of High Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The study followed a randomized block design, with two replicates (treatments: conventional tillage and notillage) in five blocks. The following outcomes were evaluated: the chemical properties of a Quartzarenic Neosol (Entisol), the nutritional status and yield of common bean farmed under conventional tillage and no-tillage via the direct application of desiccant to the natural vegetation during three crop cycles. The adoption no-tillage in the native field improved the chemical attributes of the sandy soil, with altered the nutritional status and increased the yield of the common bean after three crop cycles under the conditions of High Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The soil contents of organic carbon, P, Ca, Mg, and CEC in the 0-0.1 m soil layer were higher under no-tillage than conventional tillage. The leaf contents of N, Mg, S, and Zn increased whereas the leaf contents of P, K, Fe, and Mn decreased throughout the crop cycles. Deficiencies of P, Fe, and Mn were observed in the common bean leaves during the last crop cycle under notillage.

O Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha é uma região do estado de Minas Gerais onde a agricultura é pouco desenvolvida, e os sistemas agrícolas possuem eficiências e índices de produtividade baixos. Como resultado, as taxas de degradação ambiental são altas, sendo necessário ajuste nas técnicas de manejo do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar o plantio direto do feijoeiro com dessecação direta do campo nativo de um solo arenoso do Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com duas repetições dos tratamentos (preparo convencional e plantio direto) por cinco blocos. Foram avaliados os atributos químicos de um Neossolo Quartzarênico, o estado nutricional e a produtividade do feijoeiro em sistema convencional de preparo do solo e de plantio direto com aplicação de dessecante direta da vegetação natural em três cultivos. A adoção do plantio direto sob campo nativo promoveu melhoria nos atributos químicos do solo arenoso, com alteração do estado nutricional e aumento da produtividade do feijoeiro após três cultivos nas condições do Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha, MG. Os teores de carbono orgânico, P, Ca, Mg e CTC na camada de 0 a 0,1 m foram maiores no sistema plantio direto do que no preparo convencional do solo. Os teores de N, Mg, S e Zn nas folhas aumentaram enquanto os teores de P, K, Fe e Mn diminuíram no decorrer dos cultivos. A deficiência de P, Fe e Mn nas folhas do feijoeiro ocorreu no último cultivo no sistema de plantio direto.

Assuntos

RESUMO

High yield stability and adaptability of yellow passion fruit varieties (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg.) are highly desirable attributes when exploring different environments. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of yellow passion fruit varieties using AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and other ancillary statistics. Twelve varieties were evaluated in eight environments. Analysis of variance showed effects attributable to the varieties (G), environment (E) and their interaction (G × E). The first two multiplicative components of the interaction accounted for 69% of the sum of squares. The scores of the principal interaction components showed high variability for the environments relative to the variety effects. High varietal phenotypic stability was observed in three environments; which can be used in yellow passion fruit breeding programs for initial selection trials. A biplot-AMMI analysis and yield stability index incorporating the AMMI stability value and yield capacity in a single non-parametric index were useful for discriminating genotypes with superior and stable fruit yield. AMMI analysis also allowed for the identification of more productive varieties in specific environments, leading to significant increase in passion fruit productivity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

High yield stability and adaptability of yellow passion fruit varieties (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa Deg.) are highly desirable attributes when exploring different environments. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of yellow passion fruit varieties using AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) and other ancillary statistics. Twelve varieties were evaluated in eight environments. Analysis of variance showed effects attributable to the varieties (G), environment (E) and their interaction (G × E). The first two multiplicative components of the interaction accounted for 69% of the sum of squares. The scores of the principal interaction components showed high variability for the environments relative to the variety effects. High varietal phenotypic stability was observed in three environments; which can be used in yellow passion fruit breeding programs for initial selection trials. A biplot-AMMI analysis and yield stability index incorporating the AMMI stability value and yield capacity in a single non-parametric index were useful for discriminating genotypes with superior and stable fruit yield. AMMI analysis also allowed for the identification of more productive varieties in specific environments, leading to significant increase in passion fruit productivity.(AU)

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RESUMO

O comportamento produtivo de genótipos de mamoeiro foi avaliado com uso de três métodos de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Foram avaliados oito híbridos, 26 linhagens e uma testemunha (Calimosa), quanto à produtividade (PROD) e número de frutos comerciais por planta (NFC), em três ensaios no estado da Bahia. Considerando a média geral dos experimentos de 23,29 t ha-1 e 19,27 frutos, para PROD e NFC, respectivamente, foram identificados cinco genótipos que combinam alta estabilidade fenotípica e produtividade de frutos (acima de 31,21 t ha-1 e 24,21 frutos por planta). Para ambas características, os métodos de Wricke e Yates; Cochran (Tradicional) indicaram genótipos de alta estabilidade, porém de baixa produtividade média. Por outro lado, considerando o conjunto de ambientes analisados, o método de Lin e Binns foi mais adequado em discriminar os genótipos de mamoeiro mais estáveis e produtivos.

The performance of papaya genotypes (Carica papaya L.) was assessed using three adaptability and stability methods. Eight hybrids, 26 inbred lines and Calimosa as check were evaluated for fruit yield (FY) and number of commercial fruit per plant (NCFP), in three field trials in the Bahia State. Considering 23.29 t.ha-1 and 19.27 fruits, as the average of experiments for PROD and NCFP, respectively, five genotypes were identified for combining high stability and phenotypic yield (> 31.21 t.ha-1 and 24.21 fruits per plant). For both traits, Wricke and Yates; Cochran (Traditional) methods pointed out the genotypes with high stability but low yield. Moreover, taking into account the set of environments used, Lin; Binns (1988) method performed better in discriminating the more stable and productive papaya genotypes.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a capacidade geral (CGC) e específica (CEC) de combinação, bem como a heterose relacionada à produtividade e qualidade de frutos de maracujazeiro amarelo. Onze parentais foram cruzados em esquema de dialelo parcial (6 x 5). Os parentais e seus híbridos foram avaliados para as características: produtividade (PROD); número de frutos por parcela (NF); massa média de frutos (MF); rendimento de suco (REND); produtividade de suco (PRSUC) e teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST). Foram observadas diferenças significativas para CGC, apenas dentro do grupo de parentais para todas as características, à exceção de PROD. Por outro lado, para CEC observou-se diferença significativa para todas as características. Dentre os componentes heteróticos, a heterose específica apresentou-se como mais expressiva, indicando presença de dominância e divergência genética entre alguns parentais dos dois grupos. Observou-se que os híbridos com maior heterose não foram os de maior média para a maioria das características. Como as interações que envolvem efeitos dominantes não são herdáveis, depreende-se que a exploração do uso de híbridos é uma estratégia viável no maracujazeiro amarelo, considerando a maioria das características relacionadas ao potencial produtivo e de qualidade de frutos.

The objective of this work was to determine the general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), as well as the heterosis related to yield and fruit quality of yellow passion-fruit. Eleven progenitors were crossed in partial diallel squeme (6 x 5). Progenitors and hybrids were evaluated for: fruit productivity (FP); number of fruits per plot (NF); average fruit weight (FW); juice yield (JY); juice productivity per area (JPA) and total soluble solids (TSS). Significant differences were observed for GCA only within the group of progenitors for all characteristics, except for FP. However, for SCA, significant differences were observed for all characteristics. Among the heterotic components, the specific heterosis was the most important, pointing out the presence of dominance and genetic divergence among some progenitors of both groups. In many cases, it was also observed that the hybrids with high heterosis showed medium to low average for the traits. Since interactions with dominant effects are not inherited, the exploration of heterosis is a feasible strategy of yellow passion-fruit considering the most traits related to yield potential and fruit quality.

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