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Introduction: Family members of patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit present high uncertainty level due to not knowing what is happening and to not having clear details about the related events; therefore, interventions are required to allow modulating those levels. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an educational Nursing intervention compared to conventional care on the uncertainty of family members of patients hospitalized in an ICU. Materials and methods: An experimental study with a sample comprised by 132 relatives of patients admitted to an ICU, randomly distributed in four Solomon groups (33 in each group). The Nursing intervention based on the concepts of the Uncertainty in Illness Theory was applied to both experimental groups and devised under the Whittemore and Grey parameters with three moments: assessment; education about the relative's hospitalization in the ICU; and accompaniment. This was done with pre-assessments for two groups and post-assessments for the four groups, using the PPUS-FM Uncertainty Scale. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and respective non-parametric analyses. The study took into account the ethical principles in research. Results: The family members in the experimental groups presented a lower final uncertainty level when compared to the control groups, with a difference of 73.04 points and a p-value of 0.001. Discussion: Standardized interventions and under a theoretical model allow reducing uncertainty in relatives of patients in ICUs. Conclusions: The Nursing intervention based on the Uncertainty theory allows reducing uncertainty in relatives of patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit.

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Previamente se ha discutido sobre el metaparadigma de enfermería y los conceptos que lo componen, este debate se ha centrado en los conceptos y no en las estrategias para su uso. En este editorial se propone ampliar el debate con relación al uso del metaparadigma para el profesional de enfermería y para la disciplina de enfermería con sus respectivos aportes para el conocimiento, la práctica y la investigación.

O metaparadigma da enfermagem é um conjunto de conceitos que definem a disciplina da enfermagem. Os conceitos que compõem o metaparadigma são pessoa, ambiente, saúde e enfermagem. Até o momento, o debate sobre o metaparadigma da enfermagem tem se concentrado nos conceitos em si, mas não nas estratégias para seu uso na prática. Esta editorial propõe ampliar o debate para discutir o uso do metaparadigma para o profissional de enfermagem e para a disciplina de enfermagem. O metaparadigma pode ser usado pelo profissional de enfermagem para orientar a prática, fornecer uma base para a tomada de decisões e promover a comunicação interprofissional. Para a disciplina de enfermagem, o metaparadigma pode ser usado para guiar a pesquisa, o desenvolvimento de teorias e a educação. Ao ampliar o debate sobre o metaparadigma da enfermagem, podemos contribuir para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento e da prática da enfermagem.

The nursing meta-paradigm and its concepts have been previously discussed, but the debate has centered on the concepts rather than the strategies for its implementation. This editorial proposes to broaden the debate regarding the meta-paradigm's use for the nursing professional and the discipline with its respective contributions to knowledge, practice, and research.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of an anticipated care plan, structured around hospital discharge (PC-AH-US), regarding the caregiving load of people with NTCD residing in Colombia, 2019-2021. METHOD: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-intervention measurements. It includes 1170 participants who represented 585 chronic disease patient-caregiver pairs. We compared the PC-AH-US intervention, to the regular intervention. RESULTS: The PC-AH-US intervention group showed better results in all dimensions when compared to the regular intervention group: Awareness 8.7 (SD: 0.7) and 6.8 (SD: 1.7); Acknowledgement of their unique conditions 11.3 (SD: 1.0) and 9.4 (SD: 1.8); Capacity to fulfill care tasks 8.8 (SD: 0.7) and 7.5 (SD: 1.5); Wellbeing 11.4 (SD: 0.90) and 8.87 (SD: 2.3); Anticipation 5.88 (SD: 0.4) and 4.7 (SD: 1.1) and Support Network 11.4 (SD: 0.8) and 9.9 (SD: 2.5). CONCLUSION: The PC-AH-US intervention group showed a statistically significant decrease in the caregiving load for people with NTCD (p < 00). There were no significant institutional differences in readmissions or deaths. The PC-AH-US intervention backs institutional policies meant to care for people with NTCD.

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OBJECTIVE: to assess the effect of a care intervention focused on meeting the needs of family members of surgical patients during the surgery waiting time, when compared to conventional care. METHOD: a study with a quasi-experimental design that was developed from December 2019 to February 2020 and included 313 family members (Intervention Group=149 and Control Group=164) from a private hospital. The intervention consisted in four moments: "knowing the surgical environment and process", "information when the surgery starts", "information when the surgery ends", and "family-patient reunion". The "satisfaction" variable was assessed through the "Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire" instrument. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The study observed the ethical principles in research. RESULTS: the family members in the Intervention Group presented greater satisfaction with Nursing care, 90.07(9.8), when compared to the Comparison Group, 78.72(16.38), with an 11.35-point increase(p=0.000). CONCLUSION: the results showed that the families that received the intervention on the patient's status during the surgery waiting time were more satisfied with Nursing care in comparison to the conventional intervention.

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BACKGROUND: Worldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and one of those producing greatest impact on patients' day-to-day quality of life. Our study aim is to validate the "Living with Chronic Illness Scale" for a Spanish-speaking T2DM population. METHODS: In this observational, international, cross-sectional study, 582 persons with T2DM were recruited in primary care and outpatient hospital consultations, in Spain and Colombia, during the period from May 2018 to June 2019. The properties analysed were feasibility/acceptability, internal consistency, reliability, precision and (structural) content-construct validity including confirmatory factor analysis. The COSMIN checklist was used to assess the methodological/psychometric quality of the instrument. RESULTS: The scale had an adequate internal consistency and test retest reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96, respectively). In addition, the instrument is precise (standard error of measurement = 3.34, with values < ½SD = 8.52) and correlates positively with social support (DUFSS) (rs = 0.56), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) (rs = 0.51-0.30) and ssatisfaction with life (SLS-6) (rs = 0.50-0.38). The original 26-items version of the scale did not support totally the confirmatory factor analysis. The COSMIN checklist is favourable for all the properties analysed, although weaknesses are detected for structural validity. CONCLUSIONS: The LW-CI-T2DM is a valid, reliable and accurate instrument for use in clinical practice to determine how a person's life is affected by the presence of diabetes. This instrument correlates well with the associated constructs of social support, quality of life and satisfaction. Additional research is needed to determine how well the questionnaire structure performs when robust factor analysis methods are applied.

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OBJECTIVES: To validate the Living with Chronic Illness (LW-CI) Scale in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional validation study with retest. Acceptability, reliability, precision and construct validity were tested. SETTING: The study took place in primary and secondary specialised units of public and private hospitals of Spain and Colombia. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 612 patients with COPD assessed from May 2018 to May 2019. A consecutive cases sampling was done. Inclusion criteria included: (A) patients with a diagnosis of COPD; (B) native Spanish speaking; (C) able to read and understand questionnaires; and (D) able to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria included: (A) cognitive deterioration and (B) pharmacological effect or disorder that could disrupt the assessment. RESULTS: The LW-CI-COPD presented satisfactory data quality, with no missing data or floor/ceiling effects, showing high internal consistency for all the domains (Cronbach's alpha for the total score 0.92). Test-retest reliability was satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.92). The LW-CI-COPD correlated 0.52-0.64 with quality of life and social support measures. The scale demonstrated satisfactory known-groups validity, yielding significantly different scores in patients grouped according to COPD severity levels. CONCLUSIONS: This has been the first validation study of the LW-CI-COPD. It is a feasible, reliable, valid and precise self-reported scale to measure living with COPD in the Spanish-speaking population. Therefore, it could be recommended for research and clinical practice to measure this concept and evaluate the impact of centred-care interdisciplinary interventions based on the patients' perspective, focused on providing holistic and comprehensive care to patients with COPD.

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It is necessary to develop self-reported instruments that evaluate the process of living with chronic heart failure (HF) holistically. The Living with Chronic Illness Scale-HF (LW-CI-HF) is the only available tool to evaluate how patients are living with HF. The aim is to analyse the psychometric properties of the LW-CI scale in the HF population. An international, cross-sectional validation study was carried out in 603 patients living with HF from Spain and Colombia. The variables measured were living with HF, perceived social support, satisfaction with life, quality of life and global impression of severity. The LW-CI-HF scale presented good data quality and acceptability. All domains showed high internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient ≥ 0.7. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total score was satisfactory (0.9) in test-retest reliability. The LW-CI-HF correlated 0.7 with social support and quality of life measures. Standard error of measurement was 6.5 for total scale. The LW-CI-HF scale is feasible, reliable and valid. However, results should be taken with caution in order to be used in clinical practice to evaluate the complex process of living with HF. Further research is proposed.

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Objective: to assess the effect of a care intervention focused on meeting the needs of family members of surgical patients during the surgery waiting time, when compared to conventional care. Method: a study with a quasi-experimental design that was developed from December 2019 to February 2020 and included 313 family members (Intervention Group=149 and Control Group=164) from a private hospital. The intervention consisted in four moments: "knowing the surgical environment and process", "information when the surgery starts", "information when the surgery ends", and "family-patient reunion". The "satisfaction" variable was assessed through the "Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire" instrument. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The study observed the ethical principles in research. Results: the family members in the Intervention Group presented greater satisfaction with Nursing care, 90.07(9.8), when compared to the Comparison Group, 78.72(16.38), with an 11.35-point increase(p=0.000). Conclusion: the results showed that the families that received the intervention on the patient's status during the surgery waiting time were more satisfied with Nursing care in comparison to the conventional intervention.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una intervención de cuidado centrada en satisfacer las necesidades de los familiares de pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente durante la espera quirúrgica en comparación con el cuidado convencional. Método: diseño cuasi experimental que se desarrolló durante los meses de diciembre de 2019 a febrero de 2020 que incluyó 313 familiares (grupo de intervención = 149 y grupo de control = 164) de un hospital privado. La intervención estuvo compuesta por cuatro momentos: "conocer el ambiente y proceso quirúrgicos", "información sobre el inicio de la cirugía", "información sobre elfin de la cirugía", "reencuentro familia-paciente". La variable de satisfacción se midió a través del instrumento "Cuestionario satisfacción del paciente con la calidad del cuidado de enfermería". Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva y analítica. El estudio tuvo en cuenta los principios éticos en investigación. Resultados: los familiares del grupo de intervención presentaron una mayor satisfacción con el cuidado de enfermería 90,07 (9,8) comparado con el grupo de comparación 78,72 (16,38), con un aumento de 11,35 puntos (p = 0,000). Conclusión: los resultados demostraron que las familias que recibieron la intervención sobre el estado del paciente durante el tiempo de espera quirúrgico tuvieron una mayor satisfacción con la calidad del cuidado de enfermería en comparación con la intervención convencional.

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção assistencial voltada para o atendimento das necessidades dos familiares de pacientes operados durante a espera no centro cirúrgico em comparação ao atendimento convencional. Método: estudo quase-experimental desenvolvido entre os meses de dezembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020 incluindo 313 familiares (grupo intervenção = 149 e grupo de comparação = 164) de um hospital privado. A intervenção consistiu em quatro momentos: "conhecer o ambiente e o processo cirúrgico", "informações sobre o início da cirurgia", "informações sobre o término da cirurgia", "reunião família-paciente". A variável de satisfação foi medida por meio do instrumento "Questionário de satisfação do paciente com a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem". Os dados foram analisados com estatística descritiva e analítica. O estudo levou em consideração os princípios éticos em pesquisa. Resultados: os familiares do grupo intervenção apresentaram maior satisfação com os cuidados de enfermagem 90,07 (9,8) em relação ao grupo de comparação 78,72 (16,38), com aumento de 11,35 pontos (p = 0,000). Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram que as famílias que receberam a intervenção sobre a condição do paciente durante o tempo de espera cirúrgica relataram maior satisfação com a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem se comparados à intervenção convencional.

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OBJECTIVES: This work sought to describe the meaning of receiving artificial nutritional support in people in the postoperative period of abdominal surgery. METHODS: This was a qualitative study of grounded theory, following the guidelines by Corbin and Strauss. The information was collected through 26 in-depth interviews with 21 participants, interned in a tier III health care hospital in the city of Tunja, Colombia. RESULTS: The study describes four categories, which account for the way in which the person experiences physical, physiological, emotional, and social changes when receiving artificial nutritional support. The categories include stopping eating and becoming artificially fed, decreasing the ability to move to recover movement, experiencing the difficulty of having artificial nutritional support, and reaching the disease to transform life. The data analysis shows that the basic surgical pathology and the artificial nutritional support are sudden events that fragment the daily life of the person. These individuals demand the mobilization of religious, family, and social resources to strengthen the person's internal and external environment and, thus, achieve the health situation. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the meanings shows how the person reflects and interprets the reality of receiving artificial nutritional support, an event that has implicit physical discomfort, emotional changes, and physical appearance, which are determinants in the behavior and practice of artificial nutrition. However, artificial nutritional support becomes for the person an alternative to live and recover the state of health.

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