RESUMO

Currently, feed formulations for quail are based on foreign data or data from other species; this undermines productivity with the use of excessive or deficient levels of some nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional requirement levels of calcium (Ca) and supplementation vitamin D in meat-type quail from 1 to 14 d of age. The experiment was a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (levels of Ca: 0.42, 0.58, 0.74 and 0.90% and levels of vitamin D: 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 IU) with 3 replicate pens and 43 quails per pen. Weight gain increased quadratically with increased levels of Ca and vitamin D; this variable yielded estimated levels of 0.73% Ca and 2,883 IU vitamin D. There was no Ca x vitamin D interaction effect on bone variables. Bone Ca, bone phosphorus, bone ash, femoral bone strength, tibial bone strength and the femoral Seedor index increased quadratically with an increase in Ca levels. These variables yielded estimated values of 0.78, 0.71, 0.78, 0.77, 0.83, and 0.71% Ca, respectively. It is concluded that the requirements of Ca and vitamin D for the maximum weight gain of meat-type quails, in the period from one to 14 days of age, were 0.73% Ca (p=0.001) and 2,883 IU vitamin D (p=0.02), respectively.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Currently, feed formulations for quail are based on foreign data or data from other species; this undermines productivity with the use of excessive or deficient levels of some nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional requirement levels of calcium (Ca) and supplementation vitamin D in meat-type quail from 1 to 14 d of age. The experiment was a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (levels of Ca: 0.42, 0.58, 0.74 and 0.90% and levels of vitamin D: 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 IU) with 3 replicate pens and 43 quails per pen. Weight gain increased quadratically with increased levels of Ca and vitamin D; this variable yielded estimated levels of 0.73% Ca and 2,883 IU vitamin D. There was no Ca x vitamin D interaction effect on bone variables. Bone Ca, bone phosphorus, bone ash, femoral bone strength, tibial bone strength and the femoral Seedor index increased quadratically with an increase in Ca levels. These variables yielded estimated values of 0.78, 0.71, 0.78, 0.77, 0.83, and 0.71% Ca, respectively. It is concluded that the requirements of Ca and vitamin D for the maximum weight gain of meat-type quails, in the period from one to 14 days of age, were 0.73% Ca (p=0.001) and 2,883 IU vitamin D (p=0.02), respectively.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Two experiments were carried out to determine the levels of supplementation of inorganic selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) in diets of quails aged 0-14 and 14-35 days old. A completely randomized design was used in a factorial design (Se = 0.1125; 0.2250; 0.3375 and 0.4500 mg kg-1  diet-1  × VE = 10; 23; 36 and 49 IU kg-1  diet-1 ). In experiment 1, quail (n = 2,400) were aged 0-14 days and were divided into 16 treatments, with three replicates of 50 birds. In experiment 2, quail (n = 1,680) were aged 14-35 days and were divided into the same treatments, with three replicates of 35 birds. At age 0-14 days, the levels of VE did not affect performance (p > .05); however, the feed conversion (FC) was influenced by a quadratic effect (p = .0515), according to the level of Se, with a higher level estimated at 0.29 mg Se kg-1  diet-1 . At age 14-35 days, there was a linear effect with interaction (Se × VE), for FC (p = .0150) and weight gain (WG; p = .0266). FC (Se, p = .0048 and VE, p = .0019) and WG (Se, p = .0049 and VE, p = .0068) improved linearly with increasing levels of Se and VE. The feed intake (FI) decreased linearly (p = .0582) as a function of VE. The carcass yield showed a quadratic effect (p = .0056) on the levels of VE, with a higher yield estimation of 27.24 IU VE/kg of diet. It can be concluded that the optimum level of supplementation at age 0-14 days was 0.29 mg Se kg-1  diet-1 and 10 IU VE kg-1  diet-1 and at age 14-35 days, it was 0.4500 mg Se kg-1  diet-1 and 49 IU of VE kg-1  diet-1 .

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar os níveis de suplementação de vitamina K para codornas de corte. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com oito tratamentos, cinco repetições e 38 codornas por unidade experimental. Os níveis de suplementação de vitamina K foram: 0; 0,7; 1,0; 1,3; 1,6; 1,9; 2,2; 2,5mg/kg de ração. Não houve influência dos níveis de suplementação de vitamina K sobre o consumo de ração, peso corporal, ganho de peso, biomassa corporal acumulada e conversão alimentar, como também não foram alterados o peso, a densidade óssea, a resistência óssea e a concentração de cinzas no fêmur e na tíbia, o comprimento e o índice de Seedor do fêmur e o diâmetro da tíbia. O diâmetro e a concentração de cálcio no fêmur bem como o comprimento e a concentração de cálcio na tíbia responderam de forma quadrática (P<0,05), sendo os melhores níveis encontrados de 1,33; 1,42; 1,59 e 1,42mg de vitamina K, respectivamente. O tempo de protrombina, a concentração de cálcio no soro e a fosfatase alcalina também não foram afetados significativamente. Conclui-se que os níveis de suplementação não influenciaram o desempenho, portanto rações à base de milho e farelo de soja são suficientes para atender às necessidades de vitamina K das codornas nessa fase.(AU)

An experiment was carried out in order to determine the levels of vitamin K for meat quails. The experimental design was completely randomized with 8 treatments, 5 repetitions and 38 quails per experimental unit. The levels of vitamin K supplementation were 0; 0.7; 1.0; 1.3; 1.6; 1.9; 2.2; 2.5 mg/kg diets. There was no influence in the levels of vitamin K supplementation on feed intake, body weight, weight gain, biomass accumulated body and feed conversion. It also didn't affect the weight, bone density, bone strength and concentration of ash in the femur and tibial, length, index of Seedor femur and tibial diameter. Femur diameter and femur calcium concentration and the tibial length and tibial calcium concentration showed a quadratic response, with the highest levels found 1.33; 1.42; 1.59 and 1.42 mg of vitamin respectively. Prothrombin time, concentration of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels also were not significantly affected. In conclusion, levels of supplementation did not influence the performance of meat quails, so diets based on corn and soybean meal are sufficient to meet the needs of the meat quails at this stage.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar os níveis de suplementação de vitamina K para codornas de corte. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com oito tratamentos, cinco repetições e 38 codornas por unidade experimental. Os níveis de suplementação de vitamina K foram: 0; 0,7; 1,0; 1,3; 1,6; 1,9; 2,2; 2,5mg/kg de ração. Não houve influência dos níveis de suplementação de vitamina K sobre o consumo de ração, peso corporal, ganho de peso, biomassa corporal acumulada e conversão alimentar, como também não foram alterados o peso, a densidade óssea, a resistência óssea e a concentração de cinzas no fêmur e na tíbia, o comprimento e o índice de Seedor do fêmur e o diâmetro da tíbia. O diâmetro e a concentração de cálcio no fêmur bem como o comprimento e a concentração de cálcio na tíbia responderam de forma quadrática (P<0,05), sendo os melhores níveis encontrados de 1,33; 1,42; 1,59 e 1,42mg de vitamina K, respectivamente. O tempo de protrombina, a concentração de cálcio no soro e a fosfatase alcalina também não foram afetados significativamente. Conclui-se que os níveis de suplementação não influenciaram o desempenho, portanto rações à base de milho e farelo de soja são suficientes para atender às necessidades de vitamina K das codornas nessa fase.(AU)

An experiment was carried out in order to determine the levels of vitamin K for meat quails. The experimental design was completely randomized with 8 treatments, 5 repetitions and 38 quails per experimental unit. The levels of vitamin K supplementation were 0; 0.7; 1.0; 1.3; 1.6; 1.9; 2.2; 2.5 mg/kg diets. There was no influence in the levels of vitamin K supplementation on feed intake, body weight, weight gain, biomass accumulated body and feed conversion. It also didn't affect the weight, bone density, bone strength and concentration of ash in the femur and tibial, length, index of Seedor femur and tibial diameter. Femur diameter and femur calcium concentration and the tibial length and tibial calcium concentration showed a quadratic response, with the highest levels found 1.33; 1.42; 1.59 and 1.42 mg of vitamin respectively. Prothrombin time, concentration of serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase levels also were not significantly affected. In conclusion, levels of supplementation did not influence the performance of meat quails, so diets based on corn and soybean meal are sufficient to meet the needs of the meat quails at this stage.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, com o objetivo de estimar a exigência de valina e isoleucina digestível para codornas de corte em crescimento. No experimento 1, foram utilizadas 2.160 codornas de corte de um dia de idade, não sexadas, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 4x4, sendo quatro níveis de valina digestível (0,90, 1,10, 1,30 e 1,50%) e quatro níveis de isoleucina digestível (0,80, 1,00, 1,20 e 1,40%), totalizando 16 tratamentos, com três repetições e 45 codornas por unidade experimental. O peso corporal, o ganho de peso e a biomassa corporal acumulada aumentaram linearmente em função dos níveis de valina digestível e foram influenciados de forma quadrática, estimando 1,38% de isoleucina digestível. No experimento 2, foram utilizadas 1.440 codornas de corte não sexadas, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 4x4, sendo quatro níveis de valina digestível (0,82, 1,02, 1,22 e 1,42%) e quatro níveis de isoleucina digestível (0,73, 0,93, 1,13 e 1,33%), totalizando 16 tratamentos, com três repetições e 30 codornas por unidade experimental. O desempenho de codornas de corte, no período de 15 a 35 dias de idade, não foi influenciado pelo aumento dos níveis de valina e isoleucina digestível nas rações experimentais. Conclui-se que as exigências de valina e isoleucina digestível para o máximo desempenho de codornas de corte, no período de um a 14 dias de idade, foram de 1,50% e 1,38%, respectivamente, correspondendo às relações valina:lisina de 95% e isoleucina:lisina de 88%. Os menores níveis avaliados, no período de 15 a 35 dias de idade, de 0,82% de valina digestível e de 0,73% de isoleucina digestível, correspondendo às relações valina:lisina de 52% e isoleucina: lisina de 46%, foram suficientes para satisfazer as exigências nutricionais das codornas de corte sem comprometer o desempenho.(AU)

Two experiments were carried out in order to estimate the requirements of digestible valine and isoleucine for growing meat quails. In experiment 1, 2160 meat quails with 1 day of age, not sexed, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement, with four levels of digestible valine (0.90, 1.10, 1.30, and 1.50%) and four levels of digestible isoleucine (0.80, 1.00, 1.20, and 1.40 %), totaling 16 treatments with three replications and 45 quails per experimental unit. The body weight, the weight gain, and the accumulated body biomass linearly increased in function of digestible valine levels and were influenced in a quadratic way estimating 1.38% of digestible isoleucine. In experiment 2, 1440 meat quails, not sexed, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement, with four levels of digestible valine (0.82, 1.02, 1.22, and 1.42%) and four levels of digestible isoleucine (0.73, 0.93, 1.13, and 1.33%), totaling 16 treatments with three replications and 30 quails per experimental unit. The performance of meat quails from 15 to 35 days of age was not affected by increased levels of digestible valine and digestible isoleucine in the experimental diets. It was concluded that the requirements of digestible valine and digestible isoleucine for maximum performance of meat quail from one to 14 days of age were 1.50% and 1.38%, respectively, corresponding to relations: valine: lysine of 95% and isoleucine: lysine of 88%. The lower levels evaluated, in the period of 15 to 35 days old, 0.82% digestible valine and 0.73% of digestible isoleucine, corresponding to relations valine: lysine of 52% and isoleucine: lysine of 46% were sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of meat quails without compromising performance.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Two experiments were carried out in order to estimate the requirements of digestible valine and isoleucine for growing meat quails. In experiment 1, 2160 meat quails with 1 day of age, not sexed, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement, with four levels of digestible valine (0.90, 1.10, 1.30, and 1.50%) and four levels of digestible isoleucine (0.80, 1.00, 1.20, and 1.40 %), totaling 16 treatments with three replications and 45 quails per experimental unit. The body weight, the weight gain, and the accumulated body biomass linearly increased in function of digestible valine levels and were influenced in a quadratic way estimating 1.38% of digestible isoleucine. In experiment 2, 1440 meat quails, not sexed, were used, distributed in a completely randomized design with a 4x4 factorial arrangement, with four levels of digestible valine (0.82, 1.02, 1.22, and 1.42%) and four levels of digestible isoleucine (0.73, 0.93, 1.13, and 1.33%), totaling 16 treatments with three replications and 30 quails per experimental unit. The performance of meat quails from 15 to 35 days of age was not affected by increased levels of digestible valine and digestible isoleucine in the experimental diets. It was concluded that the requirements of digestible valine and digestible isoleucine for maximum performance of meat quail from one to 14 days of age were 1.50% and 1.38%, respectively, corresponding to relations: valine: lysine of 95% and isoleucine: lysine of 88%. The lower levels evaluated, in the period of 15 to 35 days old, 0.82% digestible valine and 0.73% of digestible isoleucine, corresponding to relations valine: lysine of 52% and isoleucine: lysine of 46% were sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of meat quails without compromising performance.(AU)

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, com o objetivo de estimar a exigência de valina e isoleucina digestível para codornas de corte em crescimento. No experimento 1, foram utilizadas 2.160 codornas de corte de um dia de idade, não sexadas, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 4x4, sendo quatro níveis de valina digestível (0,90, 1,10, 1,30 e 1,50%) e quatro níveis de isoleucina digestível (0,80, 1,00, 1,20 e 1,40%), totalizando 16 tratamentos, com três repetições e 45 codornas por unidade experimental. O peso corporal, o ganho de peso e a biomassa corporal acumulada aumentaram linearmente em função dos níveis de valina digestível e foram influenciados de forma quadrática, estimando 1,38% de isoleucina digestível. No experimento 2, foram utilizadas 1.440 codornas de corte não sexadas, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 4x4, sendo quatro níveis de valina digestível (0,82, 1,02, 1,22 e 1,42%) e quatro níveis de isoleucina digestível (0,73, 0,93, 1,13 e 1,33%), totalizando 16 tratamentos, com três repetições e 30 codornas por unidade experimental. O desempenho de codornas de corte, no período de 15 a 35 dias de idade, não foi influenciado pelo aumento dos níveis de valina e isoleucina digestível nas rações experimentais. Conclui-se que as exigências de valina e isoleucina digestível para o máximo desempenho de codornas de corte, no período de um a 14 dias de idade, foram de 1,50% e 1,38%, respectivamente, correspondendo às relações valina:lisina de 95% e isoleucina:lisina de 88%. Os menores níveis avaliados, no período de 15 a 35 dias de idade, de 0,82% de valina digestível e de 0,73% de isoleucina digestível, correspondendo às relações valina:lisina de 52% e isoleucina: lisina de 46%, foram suficientes para satisfazer as exigências nutricionais das codornas de corte sem comprometer o desempenho.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

1. The objective of this study was to estimate growth parameters of carcass components (wing, thighs and drumsticks, back and breast) and organs (heart, liver, gizzard and gut) in males and females of one meat-type quail strain (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) and two laying strains (Coturnix coturnix japonica) designated either yellow or red. 2. A total of 1350 quail from 1 to 42 d old were distributed in a completely randomised design, with 5 replicates of each strain. The carcass component weights and body organs were analysed weekly and evaluated using the Gompertz function; growth rates were evaluated through derivative equations. 3. The meat-type strain presented the highest growth rates in carcass components and organs. Across strains, females showed the highest weight of internal organs at maturity compared to males. 4. Females had greater growth potential in breast, wings and back than males for both yellow and red laying quail.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Três experimentos foram conduzidos para determinar o valor nutritivo da glicerina bruta (GB), bem como verificar o desempenho de codornas de corte alimentadas com essa fonte alternativa de alimento. No experimento I, foram utilizadas 75 codornas, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), com três tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração referência (RR) e duas rações teste (RT), e a GB substituiu a RR em níveis de oito e 12%. O valor estimado de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) foi de 4.893kcal/kg. No experimento II, de um a 14 dias de idade, foram utilizadas 1.320 codornas, não sexadas, distribuídas em DIC, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por seis rações com níveis crescentes (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15%) de GB. O peso vivo (PV), o ganho de peso (GP), o consumo de ração (CR), a conversão alimentar (CA), a biomassa corporal acumulada (BCA) e a umidade da cama (UC) aumentaram linearmente com a inclusão de GB. No experimento III, de 15 a 35 dias de idade, foram utilizadas 1.032 codornas, distribuídas sob as mesmas condições do experimento II. O GP, o CR, a BCA, a UC, o peso de peito (PPEI) e o rendimento de peito (RPEI) aumentaram linearmente com a inclusão de GB. Considerando-se os dados de desempenho, a GB pode ser incluída até o nível de 15%...

Three experiments were carried out aiming to determine the nutritive value and verify the performance of meat quails feed with crude glycerin (CG). In the first trial 75 quails were used, allocated in a completely randomized design, consisting in three treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of one reference diet (RD) and two test diets (TD), in which the CG replaced the RD at levels of eight and 12%. The estimated value of metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance was 4,893kcal/kg. In experiment two o, from d 1 to 14, 1,320 not sexed quails were used, allotted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and 4 four replications. The treatments consisted of six diets with increased levels of CG (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15%). The live weight (LW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), biomass accumulated body (BAB) and litter moisture (LM) increased linearly with the inclusion of CG. Considering the performance data, it can be concluded that CG can be included in the diets up to15%. In experiment three, d 15 to 35, 1,032 quails were used, allocated under the same conditions of experiment two. The WG, FI, BAB, LM, breast weight (BW) and breast yield (BY) increased linearly with the inclusion of CG. Considering the performance data, it can be concluded that the CG can be included in the diets up to the level of 15%...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Três experimentos foram conduzidos para determinar o valor nutritivo da glicerina bruta (GB), bem como verificar o desempenho de codornas de corte alimentadas com essa fonte alternativa de alimento. No experimento I, foram utilizadas 75 codornas, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), com três tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração referência (RR) e duas rações teste (RT), e a GB substituiu a RR em níveis de oito e 12%. O valor estimado de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) foi de 4.893kcal/kg. No experimento II, de um a 14 dias de idade, foram utilizadas 1.320 codornas, não sexadas, distribuídas em DIC, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por seis rações com níveis crescentes (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15%) de GB. O peso vivo (PV), o ganho de peso (GP), o consumo de ração (CR), a conversão alimentar (CA), a biomassa corporal acumulada (BCA) e a umidade da cama (UC) aumentaram linearmente com a inclusão de GB. No experimento III, de 15 a 35 dias de idade, foram utilizadas 1.032 codornas, distribuídas sob as mesmas condições do experimento II. O GP, o CR, a BCA, a UC, o peso de peito (PPEI) e o rendimento de peito (RPEI) aumentaram linearmente com a inclusão de GB. Considerando-se os dados de desempenho, a GB pode ser incluída até o nível de 15%.(AU)

Three experiments were carried out aiming to determine the nutritive value and verify the performance of meat quails feed with crude glycerin (CG). In the first trial 75 quails were used, allocated in a completely randomized design, consisting in three treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of one reference diet (RD) and two test diets (TD), in which the CG replaced the RD at levels of eight and 12%. The estimated value of metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance was 4,893kcal/kg. In experiment two o, from d 1 to 14, 1,320 not sexed quails were used, allotted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and 4 four replications. The treatments consisted of six diets with increased levels of CG (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15%). The live weight (LW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), biomass accumulated body (BAB) and litter moisture (LM) increased linearly with the inclusion of CG. Considering the performance data, it can be concluded that CG can be included in the diets up to15%. In experiment three, d 15 to 35, 1,032 quails were used, allocated under the same conditions of experiment two. The WG, FI, BAB, LM, breast weight (BW) and breast yield (BY) increased linearly with the inclusion of CG. Considering the performance data, it can be concluded that the CG can be included in the diets up to the level of 15%.(AU)

Assuntos