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OBJECTIVE: Perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Pasero Opioid-induced Sedation Scale to the Brazilian setting. METHOD: This is a methodological study using Beaton's framework, which consists in six stages: translation, synthesis of translations, re-translation, expert committee, pre-test, and sending the adapted version of the instrument to the author of the original. The study was carried out from April to December 2021. The research was conducted in a private hospitalin the city of São Paulo, in the adult hospitalization and critical care units. It was approved by the research ethics committee. RESULTS: After translation, translation synthesis and back-translation steps, the version was evaluated by the expert committee, requiring two rounds to obtain acceptable CVI values above 0.80. In the pre-test phase, the scale was well understood, with a CVI of 0.98. CONCLUSION: The scale was adapted for the Brazilian context; however, further studies will be needed to analyze validity and reliability evidence.

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The most commonly used vascular access is the peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC). However, it can trigger complications and the occurrence of adverse events, such as phlebitis. This study evaluated the variables that are associated with the occurrence of phlebitis in medical and surgical inpatient units. This is an observational, retrospective, case-control study in medical and surgical hospitalization units of a private general hospital in the city of São Paulo. Participants were an average age of 66.3 years, and 71% were hospitalized in medical units. The risk variables associated with phlebitis were medical hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 4.36; P = .002), presence of comorbidity (OR = 10.73; P < .001), and having 5 or more PIVCs (OR = 53.79; P = .001). Regarding intravenous therapy, the use of contrast was a risk variable (OR = 2.23; P = .072). On the other hand, patient education regarding PIVCs was a protective measure against the development of phlebitis. The nursing team plays an essential role in the care of patients with PIVCs, inpatient guidance, planning, and device choice, taking into account the risk factors for phlebitis to maintain the preservation of vascular health and reduce adverse events.

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Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) ensure safe and long-lasting venous access. Using validated instruments to assess nurses' knowledge of PICC use will allow educational measures to improve this area of care to be developed. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to build an instrument for analysing nurses' knowledge about PICCs and assess its content validity. METHODS: A psychometric study was used with the construction of a knowledge analysis instrument. This was developed in two stages: instrument construction; and content validation by expert judges using the content validity ratio. RESULTS: The panel of experts comprised nine nurses. Nineteen changes related to content and semantics were suggested for the instrument. CONCLUSION: The research allowed for the construction and validation of a tool for knowledge analysis; this is relevant to practice as no such knowledge instrument exists. It is proposed to use this assessment instrument to identify gaps in knowledge and implement focused training interventions.

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ABSTRACT Objective: Perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Pasero Opioid-induced Sedation Scale to the Brazilian setting. Method: This is a methodological study using Beaton's framework, which consists in six stages: translation, synthesis of translations, re-translation, expert committee, pre-test, and sending the adapted version of the instrument to the author of the original. The study was carried out from April to December 2021. The research was conducted in a private hospitalin the city of São Paulo, in the adult hospitalization and critical care units. It was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: After translation, translation synthesis and back-translation steps, the version was evaluated by the expert committee, requiring two rounds to obtain acceptable CVI values above 0.80. In the pre-test phase, the scale was well understood, with a CVI of 0.98. Conclusion: The scale was adapted for the Brazilian context; however, further studies will be needed to analyze validity and reliability evidence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Realizar la adaptación transcultural de la escala de Pasero Opioid-induced Sedation Scale para el contexto brasileño. Método: Estudio metodológico, utilizando el marco de referencia de Beaton, que consta de seis fases: traducción, síntesis de traducciones, traducción inversa, comité de expertos, prueba previa, y envío del instrumento adaptado ala autora del instrumento original. El estudio se realizó de abril a diciembre de 2021, y a la investigación se condujo en un hospital privado, ubicado en la ciudad de São Paulo, en las unidades de hospitalización de adultos y cuidados críticos. Recibió la aprobación del comité de ética. Resultados: Después de las etapas de traducción, síntesis de traducción y traducción inversa, la versión fue evaluada por un comité de expertos, con dos rondas para obtener valores aceptables de índice de validez de contenido superiores a 0,80. En la fase previa a la prueba, la escala mostró una buena comprensión, con una puntuación de 0,98. Conclusión: La escala fue adaptada para el contexto brasileño, sin embargo, serán necesarios más estudios para analizar las evidencias de validez y confiabilidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar adaptação transcultural da escala Pasero Opioid-Induced Sedation para o cenário brasileiro. Método: Estudo metodológico, utilizado referencial de Beaton, composto por seis fases: tradução, síntese das traduções, retradução, comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e envio dos instrumentos adaptados ao autor do instrumento original. Estudo foi realizado de abril a dezembro de 2021. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em um hospital privado, localizado no município de São Paulo, nas unidades de internação e críticas adultos. Recebeu aprovação do comitê de ética. Resultados: Após as etapas de tradução, síntese de tradução e retrotradução a versão foi avaliada pelo comitê de especialistas, com duas rodadas para obtenção de valores aceitáveis de índice de validade de conteúdo acima de 0,80. Na fase de pré-teste a escala apresentou boa compreensão com score de 0,98. Conclusão: A escala foi adaptada para o contexto brasileiro, no entanto, novos estudos serão necessários para análises de evidências de validade e confiabilidade.

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RESUMO Objetivo: demonstrar a aplicabilidade da ferramenta Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis para analisar, preventivamente, os riscos relativos ao processo de inserção, manutenção e retirada de cateter intravenoso periférico. Método: estudo teórico, realizado de agosto a novembro de 2022, em São Paulo-SP, Brasil, cujo processo foi mapeado em etapas/atividades, detalhando-se os modos de falha, com o uso da ferramenta. Calculou-se o Risk Priority Number, elaborou-se a matriz de severidade e probabilidade, adaptada à saúde por DeRosier e colaboradores, e propuseram-se as ações para reduzir os modos de falha. Resultados: identificaram-se como maiores riscos: "realizar antissepsia da área a ser puncionada com swab de álcool" e "desinfecção do conector com swab de álcool" sendo recomendados treinamentos e uso de kit de materiais como principais estratégias de mitigação. Conclusão: conhecer os riscos associados ao cateter intravenoso periférico, fundamenta a implementação de estratégias preventivas, minimizando a ocorrência de danos e os custos assistenciais deles decorrentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to demonstrate the applicability of the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis tool to analyze, preventively, the risks related to the process of insertion, maintenance, and removal of peripheral intravenous catheters. Method: theoretical study, conducted from August to November 2022, in São Paulo-SP, Brazil, whose process was mapped in stages/activities, detailing the failure modes, using the tool. The Risk Priority Number was calculated, the severity and probability matrix was elaborated, adapted to health by DeRosier and collaborators, and actions were proposed to reduce failure modes. Results: The major risks identified were: "perform antisepsis of the area to be punctured with an alcohol swab" and "disinfect the connector with an alcohol swab", and were recommended training and use of kit materials as the main mitigation strategies. Conclusion: knowing the risks associated with peripheral intravenous catheters is the basis for the implementation of preventive strategies, minimizing the occurrence of damage and the associated healthcare costs.

RESUMEN Objetivo: demostrar la aplicabilidad de la herramienta Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis para analizar, de forma preventiva, los riesgos relacionados con el proceso de inserción, mantenimiento y retirada de catéteres intravenosos periféricos. Método: estudio teórico, realizado de agosto a noviembre de 2022, en São Paulo-SP, Brasil, cuyo proceso fue mapeado en etapas/actividades, detallando los modos de falla, utilizando la herramienta. Se calculó el Número de Prioridad de Riesgo, se elaboró la matriz de severidad y probabilidad, adaptada a la salud por DeRosier y colaboradores, y se propusieron acciones para reducir los modos de falla. Resultados: Los principales riesgos identificados fueron: "realizar la antisepsia de la zona a puncionar con un bastoncillo con alcohol" y "desinfectar el conector con un bastoncillo con alcohol", recomendándose como principales estrategias de mitigación la formación y el uso de kits de materiales. Conclusión: Conocer los riesgos asociados al catéter intravenoso periférico sienta las bases para la aplicación de estrategias preventivas, minimizando la aparición de daños y los costes sanitarios derivados de los mismos.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization recommends that pain in children should be treated as a fundamental human right. Children in health services are exposed to numerous painful procedures as part of their treatment, for instance, immunization and blood testing. Painful experiences during such procedures can cause extreme anxiety in future conducts, making children more vulnerable to pain. The present study's objective was to examine the non-pharmacological interventions most described in the literature for pain management during painful procedures with needles in children above the age of one. CONTENTS: Integrative literature review from CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Pubmed databases. The publications researched were from between 2010 and 2020. The leading question was "Which are the non-pharmacological interventions most described in the literature for pain control in children undergoing needle procedures"? The database search found 252 articles, six were included in the review and distraction was the most observed strategy for non-pharmacological intervention. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the most used strategy for pain relief was distraction, in special the audiovisual distraction.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A Organização Mundial da Saúde preconiza que a dor na criança seja tratada como um direito humano fundamental. Crianças em serviços de saúde são expostas a diversos procedimentos dolorosos como parte do seu tratamento, a exemplo de imunizações e exames de sangues. Experiências dolorosas durante estes procedimentos podem causar consequências negativas como ansiedade extrema em procedimentos futuros, tornando a criança mais vulnerável à dor. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar quais são as intervenções não farmacológicas mais descritas na literatura para o controle da dor em procedimentos dolorosos com agulha em crianças acima de um ano. CONTEÚDO: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, utilizando as bases de dados CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science e Pubmed. O recorte das publicações foi entre 2010 e 2020. A questão norteadora foi "Quais são as intervenções não farmacológicas mais descritas na literatura para o controle da dor em crianças sob procedimentos com agulha"? Foram encontrados 252 artigos, incluídos seis artigos para análise e a distração foi a estratégia mais observada para intervenção não farmacológica. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a estratégia mais utilizada para o alívio da dor foi a distração, sobressaindo a distração audiovisual.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes and reasons associated with the occurrence of phlebitis in a Inpatient Medical Unit in a large and private general hospital. METHOD: Quantitative, exploratory-descriptive, retrospective and documentary research, carried out by consulting the electronic forms of notification of the occurrence of phlebitis in 2017. RESULTS: A total of 107 phlebitis related to 96 patients were reported, most of them (91.7%) with phlebitis, being male (53.1%), aged 60-69 years old (23.0%) and with a hospital stay of less than four days (30.2%). Most (68.2%) of the notifications were made by nurses, with the occurrence of phlebitis predominating in devices with less than 24h (38.3%); with the classification of phlebitis grade 2 (45.8%); with antibiotics infusion (46.7%); with the location of the bed far from the nursing station (52.3%); and with the presence of a companion (82.2%). The damage classification indicated that 93.5% of the patients suffered mild damage, 4.7% moderate damage and 1.9% did not suffer any damage. CONCLUSION: Knowing the causes and reasons associated with the occurrence of phlebitis can support decision-making, management and care processes regarding investments in preventive or risk mitigation strategies.

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RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as causas e os motivos associados à ocorrência de flebite na Unidade de Internação Clínica de um hospital geral, que é de grande porte e privado. Método Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratório-descritiva, retrospectiva e documental, realizada a partir da consulta aos formulários eletrônicos de notificação da ocorrência de flebite referentes ao ano de 2017. Resultados Foram notificadas 107 flebites relativas a 96 pacientes, a maioria (91,7%) com uma flebite, do sexo masculino (53,1%), na faixa etária de 60-69 anos (23,0%) e com tempo de permanência inferior a quatro dias (30,2%). A maioria (68,2%) das notificações foi realizada por enfermeiros, tendo predominado a ocorrência de flebite nos dispositivos com tempo inferior a 24 h (38,3%), a classificação flebite grau 2 (45,8%), a infusão de antibióticos (46,7%), a localização do leito distante do posto de enfermagem (52,3%) e a presença de acompanhante (82,2%). A classificação de danos indicou que 93,5% dos pacientes sofreram danos leves, 4,7%, danos moderados e 1,9% não sofreram danos. Conclusão Conhecer as causas e os motivos associados à ocorrência de flebite poderá subsidiar os processos decisórios, gerencial e assistencial, quanto aos investimentos em estratégias preventivas ou de mitigação de riscos.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las causas y los motivos asociados a la aparición de flebitis en la Unidad de Hospitalización Clínica de un hospital general privado y de gran envergadura. Método Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, exploratoria descriptiva, retrospectiva y documental, realizada mediante la consulta de formularios electrónicos de notificación del acaecimiento de flebitis en 2017. Resultados Se reportaron 107 flebitis relativas a 96 pacientes, la mayoría de ellos (91,7%) con una flebitis, del sexo masculino (53,1%), en el grupo de edad de 60-69 años (23,0%) y con estancia inferior a cuatro días (30,2%). El personal de enfermería realizó la mayoría de las notificaciones (68,2%), con predominio de aparición de flebitis en los dispositivos con tiempo inferior a 24h (38,3%), la clasificación de la flebitis en grado 2 (45,8%), la infusión de antibióticos (46,7%), la ubicación de la cama lejos del puesto de enfermería (52,3%) y la presencia de un acompañante (82,2%). La clasificación de los daños indicó que el 93,5% de los pacientes sufría daños leves, el 4,7%, daños moderados y el 1,9% no había sufrido daños. Conclusión Conocer las causas y los motivos asociados a la aparición de flebitis puede subsidiar los procesos decisorios, gerenciales y asistenciales, en relación con las inversiones en estrategias preventivas o de mitigación de riesgos.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the causes and reasons associated with the occurrence of phlebitis in a Inpatient Medical Unit in a large and private general hospital. Method Quantitative, exploratory-descriptive, retrospective and documentary research, carried out by consulting the electronic forms of notification of the occurrence of phlebitis in 2017. Results A total of 107 phlebitis related to 96 patients were reported, most of them (91.7%) with phlebitis, being male (53.1%), aged 60-69 years old (23.0%) and with a hospital stay of less than four days (30.2%). Most (68.2%) of the notifications were made by nurses, with the occurrence of phlebitis predominating in devices with less than 24h (38.3%); with the classification of phlebitis grade 2 (45.8%); with antibiotics infusion (46.7%); with the location of the bed far from the nursing station (52.3%); and with the presence of a companion (82.2%). The damage classification indicated that 93.5% of the patients suffered mild damage, 4.7% moderate damage and 1.9% did not suffer any damage. Conclusion Knowing the causes and reasons associated with the occurrence of phlebitis can support decision-making, management and care processes regarding investments in preventive or risk mitigation strategies.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the average direct cost of the procedures performed for phlebitis treatment in patients in an Inpatient Unit and estimate the costs of the procedures performed to treat phlebitis in this unit. METHOD: A quantitative, exploratory-descriptive, single-case study. Initially, records of the procedures performed for phlebitis management were identified. Then, the cost was calculated by multiplying the execution time (timed using a chronometer) spent by nursing technicians by the unit cost of direct labor, added to the cost of materials in 2017. RESULTS: 107 phlebitis referring to 96 patients were reported. To treat the different grades of phlebitis, three procedures were carried out "application of ointment of chamomile flower extract"; "Compress application"; "Peripheral venous access installation". "Peripheral venous access installation with Íntima® catheter" corresponded to the most expensive procedure (US$ 8.90-SD=0.06). Considering the record of the execution of 656 (100%) procedures, the total average direct cost estimate corresponded to US$ 866.18/year. CONCLUSION: Knowledge about the costs of procedures can support decision making that increase allocation efficiency of consumed resources.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o custo direto médio dos procedimentos realizados para o tratamento do evento adverso flebite em pacientes de uma Unidade de Internação Clínica e estimar o custo dos procedimentos realizados para o tratamento das flebites nesta unidade. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratório-descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso único. Inicialmente, identificaram-se os registros dos procedimentos realizados para o manejo das flebites em 2017. Em seguida, o custo foi calculado multiplicando o tempo (cronometrado) despendido por técnicos de enfermagem pelo custo unitário da mão de obra direta, somando-o ao custo dos materiais. Resultados: Foram notificadas 107 flebites referentes a 96 pacientes. No tratamento dos diferentes graus de flebite, realizaram-se três procedimentos "aplicação de pomada de extrato de flor de camomila"; "aplicação de compressas"; "instalação de acesso venoso periférico". A "instalação de acesso venoso periférico com cateter Íntima®" correspondeu ao procedimento mais oneroso (US$ 8,90-DP=0,06). Considerando o registro da execução de 656 (100%) procedimentos, a estimativa do custo direto médio total correspondeu a US$ 866,18/ano. Conclusão: O conhecimento sobre os custos dos procedimentos pode subsidiar tomadas de decisão que incrementem a alocação eficiente dos recursos consumidos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el costo directo promedio de los procedimientos realizados para el tratamiento del evento adverso de flebitis en pacientes de una Unidad de Hospitalización Clínica y estimar el costo de los procedimientos realizados para el tratamiento de flebitis en esta unidad. Método: Cuantitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, tipo de estudio de caso único. Inicialmente, en 2017, se identificaron los registros de los procedimientos realizados para el tratamiento de la flebitis. Luego, el costo se calculó multiplicando el tiempo (cronometrado) gastado por los técnicos de enfermería por el costo unitario de la mano de obra directa, agregándolo al costo de los materiales. Resultados: Se informaron 107 flebitis referidas a 96 pacientes. En el tratamiento de los diferentes grados de flebitis, se llevaron a cabo tres procedimientos: "aplicación de ungüento de extracto de flor de manzanilla"; "Aplicación de compresas"; "Instalación de acceso venoso periférico". La "instalación de acceso venoso periférico con un catéter Íntima®" correspondió al procedimiento más costoso (US$ 8.90-SD=0.06). Considerando el registro de la ejecución de 656 (100%) procedimientos, la estimación del costo directo promedio total correspondió a US$ 866.18/año. Conclusión: El conocimiento sobre los costos de los procedimientos puede respaldar la toma de decisiones que aumenta la asignación eficiente de los recursos consumidos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the average direct cost of the procedures performed for phlebitis treatment in patients in an Inpatient Unit and estimate the costs of the procedures performed to treat phlebitis in this unit. Method: A quantitative, exploratory-descriptive, single-case study. Initially, records of the procedures performed for phlebitis management were identified. Then, the cost was calculated by multiplying the execution time (timed using a chronometer) spent by nursing technicians by the unit cost of direct labor, added to the cost of materials in 2017. Results: 107 phlebitis referring to 96 patients were reported. To treat the different grades of phlebitis, three procedures were carried out "application of ointment of chamomile flower extract"; "Compress application"; "Peripheral venous access installation". "Peripheral venous access installation with Íntima® catheter" corresponded to the most expensive procedure (US$ 8.90-SD=0.06). Considering the record of the execution of 656 (100%) procedures, the total average direct cost estimate corresponded to US$ 866.18/year. Conclusion: Knowledge about the costs of procedures can support decision making that increase allocation efficiency of consumed resources.

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