RESUMO

O desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas, como a ecocardiografia bidimensional feature tracking (2D-FTI), permite diagnosticar, de forma precoce, se há disfunção miocárdica em doenças cardíacas, inclusive as congênitas. O defeito septal ventricular (DSV) é a alteração congênita mais observada em felinos, no entanto pouco se sabe sobre a disfunção cardíaca nessa cardiopatia, especialmente em animais assintomáticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio do 2D-FTI, a deformação miocárdica ventricular esquerda pela mensuração dos índices ecocardiográficos strain (St) e strain rate (StR) radial, circunferencial e longitudinal, em gatos saudáveis e com DSV. Foram avaliados 12 gatos saudáveis e seis gatos com DSV para obtenção de St e StR em diversos segmentos miocárdicos. No sentido longitudinal, houve diferença estatística (P<0,05) para os segmentos septal basal, mediano e apical epicárdicos (P=0,0017; P<0,0001; P=0,0288), lateral mediano epicárdico (P=0,0327), septal mediano endocárdico (P=0,0035), lateral mediano endocárdico (P=0,0461), St epicárdico (P=0,0250) e St global (P=0,0382). Também houve diferença no segmento lateral mediano circunferencial endocárdico (P=0,0248), lateral mediano radial (St: P=0,0409; StR: P=0,0166) e posterior mediano radial (P=0,0369). O estudo evidenciou que, mesmo em animais assintomáticos com DSV, há redução na deformação miocárdica ventricular principalmente no sentido longitudinal, demonstrando maior vulnerabilidade dessas fibras.(AU)

The development of new tools, such as two-dimensional feature tracking (2D-FTI), allows early diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction in heart diseases including congenital heart disease. The ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most frequently observed congenital abnormality in cats, however, little is known about cardiac dysfunction, especially in asymptomatic animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the left ventricular myocardial deformation through 2D-FTI by the measurement of the radial, circumferential and longitudinal echocardiographic strain (St) and strain rate (StR) indices. Twelve healthy cats and six cats with VSD were evaluated to obtain St and StR in several myocardial segments. In the longitudinal direction, there was a statistical difference (P<0.05) for the epimyocardial basal septal, mid-septal, apical septal (P=0.0017; P<0.0001; P=0.0288), epimyocardial mid-lateral (P=0.0327), endomyocardial mid-septal (P=0.0035), endomyocardial mid-lateral (P=0.0461), St epimyocardial (P=0.0250) and St global (P=0.0382). There was also difference in the circumferential endomyocardial mid-lateral segment (P=0.0248), radial mid-lateral (St: P=0.0409; StR: P=0.0166) and radial mid-posterior (P=0.0369). The study showed that even in asymptomatic animals with VSD there is a reduction in ventricular myocardial deformation mainly in the longitudinal direction, demonstrating the fragility of these fibers.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas, como a ecocardiografia bidimensional feature tracking (2D-FTI), permite diagnosticar, de forma precoce, se há disfunção miocárdica em doenças cardíacas, inclusive as congênitas. O defeito septal ventricular (DSV) é a alteração congênita mais observada em felinos, no entanto pouco se sabe sobre a disfunção cardíaca nessa cardiopatia, especialmente em animais assintomáticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio do 2D-FTI, a deformação miocárdica ventricular esquerda pela mensuração dos índices ecocardiográficos strain (St) e strain rate (StR) radial, circunferencial e longitudinal, em gatos saudáveis e com DSV. Foram avaliados 12 gatos saudáveis e seis gatos com DSV para obtenção de St e StR em diversos segmentos miocárdicos. No sentido longitudinal, houve diferença estatística (P<0,05) para os segmentos septal basal, mediano e apical epicárdicos (P=0,0017; P<0,0001; P=0,0288), lateral mediano epicárdico (P=0,0327), septal mediano endocárdico (P=0,0035), lateral mediano endocárdico (P=0,0461), St epicárdico (P=0,0250) e St global (P=0,0382). Também houve diferença no segmento lateral mediano circunferencial endocárdico (P=0,0248), lateral mediano radial (St: P=0,0409; StR: P=0,0166) e posterior mediano radial (P=0,0369). O estudo evidenciou que, mesmo em animais assintomáticos com DSV, há redução na deformação miocárdica ventricular principalmente no sentido longitudinal, demonstrando maior vulnerabilidade dessas fibras.(AU)

The development of new tools, such as two-dimensional feature tracking (2D-FTI), allows early diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction in heart diseases including congenital heart disease. The ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most frequently observed congenital abnormality in cats, however, little is known about cardiac dysfunction, especially in asymptomatic animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the left ventricular myocardial deformation through 2D-FTI by the measurement of the radial, circumferential and longitudinal echocardiographic strain (St) and strain rate (StR) indices. Twelve healthy cats and six cats with VSD were evaluated to obtain St and StR in several myocardial segments. In the longitudinal direction, there was a statistical difference (P<0.05) for the epimyocardial basal septal, mid-septal, apical septal (P=0.0017; P<0.0001; P=0.0288), epimyocardial mid-lateral (P=0.0327), endomyocardial mid-septal (P=0.0035), endomyocardial mid-lateral (P=0.0461), St epimyocardial (P=0.0250) and St global (P=0.0382). There was also difference in the circumferential endomyocardial mid-lateral segment (P=0.0248), radial mid-lateral (St: P=0.0409; StR: P=0.0166) and radial mid-posterior (P=0.0369). The study showed that even in asymptomatic animals with VSD there is a reduction in ventricular myocardial deformation mainly in the longitudinal direction, demonstrating the fragility of these fibers.(AU)

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Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that acts as a competitive antagonist, by binding to EGFR. This cell signalling pathways regulates tumor progression. The oral squamous cell carcinoma undergoes to regional spreading and distant metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of treatment with Cetuximab on cell migration and invasion in OSCC cells, by using the SCC-4 cell line. Cell migration and cell invasion assay were performed and actin cytoskeleton of control and treated with Cetuximab cells were evaluated. Differences were considered significant when p<0.05.Cetuximab inhibited the migration of SCC-4 cells at three concentrations: 1 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL (p<0.0001) in a dose-dependent manner. The number of SCC-4 treated cells with 1 µg/mL that migrated through the membrane was statistically different from 50 µg/mL (p<0.001) and 100 µg/mL (p<0.0001), and between 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL (p<0.01). Cetuximab 50 µg/mL inhibited cell invasion through the MatrigelTM compared with SCC-4 control cells (p<0.01). Cetuximab 50 µg/mL affected the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Cetuximab has an inhibitory effect on actin cytoskeleton organization, cell migration and invasion, suggesting that Cetuximab treatment can be important to avoid oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis.

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms at codons 167, 198, and 200 in the ß-tubulin isotype 1 gene have been associated with benz-imidazole resistance. Until now, the only mutation observed in Ancy-lostoma caninum was at codon 200 of this gene. However, the standard-ized methodologies used to detect mutations in this species are faulty. The objective of this study was to standardize a molecular technique based on amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) for detecting the mutation at codon 200 in the A. caninum ß-tubulin isotype 1 gene. Controls were synthesized both for the absence of the mutation, using conventional PCR, and for the presence of the mutation, using the Megaprimer-PCR technique. After standardization of the ARMS-PCR using the controls, the technique was validated through an analysis of 75 A. caninum DNA samples, fol-lowed by sequencing. The results revealed that the developed technique has high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, which allow its ap-plication in the field.

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The oronasal fistula is a chronic communication between the oral and nasal cavity that often affects patients with cleft palate. However, others uncommon causes of oronasal fistula are associated with facial traumas, infections and neoplasias. In this report we present a case of oronasal fistula as consequence of facial trauma that was treated by two flaps technique for palatoplasty. In this sense, we discussed treatment indications, surgical technique and patient prognostic of a relatively simple option that can provide a definitive repair with minimal morbidity.

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BACKGROUND: Several neurological disorders have been described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, but their exact frequency is unknown. METHODS: We prospectively studied the prevalence of neurological disorders (especially peripheral neuropathy) in a group of 82 patients with Crohn's disease (CD, n = 31) or ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 51) from 2 Brazilian tertiary care university clinics and followed them through a period of at least 1 year. All patients were interviewed and had complete neurological evaluations. RESULTS: Large-fiber sensory or sensorimotor polyneuropathy (PN) was observed in 16.1% of the CD and 19.6% of the UC patients. PN was usually mild, predominantly symmetric, and distal with axonal involvement. One patient had demyelinating PN at the diagnosis of CD. Mild carpal tunnel syndrome was common in female UC patients. Sensory symptoms without electromyography abnormalities, suggestive of small-fiber neuropathy or subclinical myelopathy, affected 29% and 11.8%, respectively. After excluding other known etiological or contributory factors for PN, 13.4% of the IBD patients had otherwise unexplained large-fiber or small-fiber PN (7.3% with large-fiber SM PN). Nondebilitating headache was the most common neurological complaint. Three patients had ischemic strokes, 5 were epileptic, and 1 transient chorea. CONCLUSIONS: Neurological disorders, especially PN, are common in our Brazilian cohort of IBD patients. They are diverse, multifactorial, and more common in women. Despite the mild phenotype in most cases, attention should be given by the general practitioner and gastroenterologist since they are frequently undiagnosed. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings in populations with different genetic and nutritional backgrounds.

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An electrophoretic band with butyrylcholinesterase activity was detected in 71 CHE2 C5+ and 378 CHE2 C5- individuals and was named C4/5 in view of its similar mobility to either C4 or C5, depending on the pH of the agar gel used. The present data suggest that C4/5 is a heterologous complex of butyrylcholinesterase. Although the C4/5 band may have the same mobility as C5, depending on the conditions of electrophoresis, our hypothesis is that these two bands result from the association of BChE with different molecules.

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OBJECTIVE: The relationship between the structure of the health center and the population seeking comprehensive health care. METHOD: It was studied a health center of the county of S. Paulo (Brazil) in the period of 1989 to 1992. The speech of managers at three levels, regional, district and local, as well as the speech of physicians who were working at the Primary Health Care Units, was analysed. The concept of comprehensive care covers five dimensions: 1) the individual and not the illness itself as the primary aim; 2) the individual or group as a whole; 3) the intervention provided by other types of care; 4) different treatment for those who live in different situations; 5) the intervention in the general living conditions of the population. RESULTS: It was concluded that the relationship between the district structure and the seek for comprehensive care was dependent on the following: health planning, emphasizing a wider view of the real life situation of the population connected to the Primary Health Care Unit; the kind of interaction between different members of the staff; better organization of the work and of the reference and counter-reference networks and a good relationship with other health departments, thus making possible better comprehensive care. COMMENTS: Being a local care unit does not enable the health district to meet the challenge of being the "locus" of knowledge, work and power as between the population and the workers and among the different groups within these two sectors.

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Os autores fizeram um levantamento epidemiológico das DST no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Universitário Prof. Walter Cantídio da Universidade Federal do Ceará, no período de 1982/1986, com o objetivo de verificar o comportamentpo dessas doenças na populaçäo assistida por esse hospital. Observou-se que a sífilis foi a doença mais freqüente, acometendo todas as faixas etárias predominando entre os 20-29 anos e no sexo masculino, enquanto que a escabiose mostrou-se mais freqüente entre as mulheres, ascendendo a curva das doenças eventualmente transmitidas por contato sexual. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base no registro dos doentes de primeira consulta no Serviço de Dermatologia e em revisöes, de prontuários, no período compreendido entre janeiro/82 e dezembro/86, tomando-se como referência a proposta de classificaçäo das DST de José Serruya e Antônio Carlos Pereira Júnior e relacionando-se essas doenças com sexo e idade

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