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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of sleep disorders, obesity and anxiety associated with cavitated carious lesions in children aged 8 to 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Northeast of Brazil. The sample was comprised of 793 schoolchildren randomly selected from public and private schools. Calibrated examiners (Kappa >0.80) performed the clinical examination of dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System and applied the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children questionnaires. The anthropometric variables evaluated were weight and height. Negative binomial regressions (α ≤ 0.05) were performed. A Directed Acyclic Graph was prepared using DAGitty software (version 3.0), to select the co-variables for the statistical fits. RESULTS: The prevalence of tooth decay was 52.8%. The mean number of tooth surfaces with cavitated caries was 2.2(2.8), 58.9% of the schoolchildren had some type of sleep disorder, while 20.2% were anxious and 29.1% were obese. Sleep disturbance (RR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.05-1.83), general anxiety (RR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.32-2.21), obesity (RR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17-1.86) were associated with dental caries in the final model. CONCLUSION: The presence of carious lesions was higher in children with sleep disorders, anxiety, obesity, and those who experienced dry mouth.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors of malocclusion in Brazilian schoolchildren eight to ten years of age based on a causal directed acyclic graph model. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. Parents/guardians provided information on sleep disorders of the child (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) and family characteristics (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale). The diagnosis of malocclusion was performed by four trained examiners using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Control variables were selected using a directed acyclic graph. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The following variables were associated with malocclusion in the final model: sleep disorders (OR = 2.61; 95%CI: 2.43-2.86), mouth breathing (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.99), non-nutritive sucking habits (OR = 2.45; 95%CI: 2.37-4.85), and obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02-2.33). Sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning, and premature tooth loss did not remain associated with malocclusion. Sleep disorders, mouth breathing, sucking habits, and obesity are predictors of malocclusion in schoolchildren eight to ten years of age.

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BACKGROUND/AIM: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) constitute a public health problem. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sleep disorders, school jet lag, and anxiety are associated with TDI in schoolchildren 8-10 years of age. METHODS: An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 pairs of parents/guardians and children enrolled in public and private schools. The parents/guardians answered a socioeconomic questionnaire, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, Circadian Energy Scale, and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Four examiners underwent calibration exercises for the diagnosis of TDI (K > 0.80) using the criteria proposed by Andreasen (2007). A directed acyclic graph was used for the formulation of the theoretical model and statistical adjustments. Unadjusted and adjusted robust binary logistic regression analyses were performed (α = 5%). RESULTS: The prevalence of TDI was 16.2%. The following variables remained associated with the outcome in the final model: family income less than or equal to the minimum monthly wage (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.09-2.88; p = .02), child's height >137.6 cm (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.06-2.64; p = .02), the occurrence of school jet lag (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.27-3.53; p = .004), anxiety (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.04-3.00; p = .04) and sleep disorders (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.38-1.93; p = .05). CONCLUSION: Children from families with a lower income, taller children, those with school jet lag, those with anxiety and those with sleep disorders had a greater occurrence of TDI.

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PURPOSE: Third molar extraction can cause surgical trauma, which is associated with pain, edema, trismus, and functional limitations. The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) following the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in 10 databases from inception up to October 2021 and the grey literature, with no restrictions regarding language or year of publication. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) were included. Studies that were not RCTs were excluded. Reviewers independently analyzed titles and abstracts, followed by full-text analysis. This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The exposure variable was the use of PBM and the outcomes were pain, edema, and trismus. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The estimate was calculated considering standardized mean differences (SMD) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) obtained for each outcome on the first, second, third and seventh postoperative days. The level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: The search resulted in the 3,324 records. Thirty-three RCTs were included in the systematic review and 23 of these were included in the meta-analyses. The studies involved a total of 1,347 participants (56.6% female and 43.4% male) between 16 and 44 years of age. A greater reduction in pain was found in the PBM group compared to the control group on the third postoperative day (SMD: -1.09; 95% CI: -1.63; -0.55; P < .001; low certainty). Edema was discretely lower in the PBM group on the second postoperative day (SMD: -0.61; 95% CI: -1.09; -0.13; P < .001; low certainty) and trismus was discretely lower in the PBM group on the seventh postoperative day (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.00; 0.96; P < .001; very low certainty). CONCLUSION: The evidence of the effect of PBM regarding the control of pain, edema, and trismus following third molar extractions is low or very low.

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Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors of malocclusion in Brazilian schoolchildren eight to ten years of age based on a causal directed acyclic graph model. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren eight to ten years of age. Parents/guardians provided information on sleep disorders of the child (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) and family characteristics (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale). The diagnosis of malocclusion was performed by four trained examiners using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Control variables were selected using a directed acyclic graph. Descriptive analysis was performed, followed by robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The following variables were associated with malocclusion in the final model: sleep disorders (OR = 2.61; 95%CI: 2.43-2.86), mouth breathing (OR = 1.04; 95%CI: 1.02-1.99), non-nutritive sucking habits (OR = 2.45; 95%CI: 2.37-4.85), and obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02-2.33). Sociodemographic characteristics, family functioning, and premature tooth loss did not remain associated with malocclusion. Sleep disorders, mouth breathing, sucking habits, and obesity are predictors of malocclusion in schoolchildren eight to ten years of age.

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ABSTRACT Background Sleep bruxism (BS) is defined as involuntary jaw movements characterized by grinding and clenching teeth. Objective To verify the association between chronotype, sleep quality, and self-reporting of BS in dental students. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 214 undergraduate dental students at a public university in northeast Brazil. The participants answered the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for the identification of chronotype and another questionnaire regarding daily aspects to collect information about sleep quality, self-reported sleep bruxism, the use of sleeping pills, snoring, concentration during daily activities and energy upon waking. Results The prevalence of self-reported sleep bruxism was 11.0%. In the final model, the eveningness chronotype (OR = 23.00; 95% CI: 2.36-223.84, p = 0.007), habitual snoring (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.31-7.39, p = 0.01) and low energy upon waking in the morning (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.96-5.58, p = 0.040) were associated with self-reported sleep bruxism. Conclusion The evening chronotype, presence of snoring, and low energy when waking up in the morning influenced self-reporting of sleep bruxism among undergraduate dental students.

RESUMO Introdução O bruxismo do sono (BS) é definido como movimentos involuntários da mandíbula caracterizados por ranger e apertar os dentes. Objetivo Verificar se o cronotipo e a qualidade do sono estão associados ao autorrelato de BS em graduandos de Odontologia. Método Um estudo transversal com 214 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Nordeste do Brasil. Os participantes responderam ao Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire para identificar os cronotipos e outro questionário sobre aspectos diários em que foram coletadas informações sobre qualidade do sono, autorrelato de bruxismo do sono, uso de pílulas para dormir, ronco, concentração nas atividades diárias, energia ao acordar. Resultados A prevalência de autorrelato do bruxismo do sono foi de 11,0%. No modelo final, o cronotipo noturno (OR = 23,00; 95% IC: 2.36-223.84, p = 0,007), o hábito de roncar (OR = 3,12; 95% IC: 1.31-7.39, p = 0,01) e o baixo nível de energia ao acordar pela manhã (OR = 2,37; 95% IC: 1.96-5.58, p = 0,04) estiveram associados com o autorrelato de BS. Conclusão O cronotipo noturno, a presença do ronco e a baixa energia ao se levantar pela manhã influenciaram o autorrelato de bruxismo do sono entre os estudantes de graduação em Odontologia.

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INTRODUCTION: Malocclusion is one of the most prevalent oral health problems and can affect self-esteem, social relations, and oral health-related quality of life. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between malocclusion and orofacial dysfunction, nonnutritive sucking habits, cavitated carious lesions, and anxiety in Brazilian children. METHODS: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 739 children aged 8-10 years. Parents or guardians provided sociodemographic data and information on the nonnutritive sucking habits of the children. The children answered the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Four trained examiners examined the children for the diagnosis of malocclusion (dental aesthetic index), dental caries (International Caries Detection and Assessment System), and orofacial dysfunction (Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening). The control variables were selected using a directed acyclic graph. Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by unadjusted and adjusted robust logistic regression analysis (P <0.05). RESULTS: The following variables remained associated with the occurrence of malocclusion in the final model: nonnutritive sucking habits (odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-4.08), orofacial dysfunction (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.13-2.17), and cavitated carious lesion (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.03-1.89). CONCLUSIONS: Nonnutritive sucking habits, orofacial dysfunction, and cavitated carious lesions were associated with the presence of malocclusion in children aged 8-10 years.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the morphology and location of the great palatine foramen (GPF) of different facial types using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. METHODS: Sixty CBCT scans were divided into: brachyfacial (n = 20), dolichofacial (n = 20) and mesofacial (n = 20) using Ricketts' VERT index for the determination of cephalometric facial type and imported into ImageJ software. GPF shape was characterized as: round, elongated in the anteroposterior direction (EAP), or elongated in the latero-medial direction (ELM). The distances between the GPF and the palatine suture (PS), the center of the GPF and the center incisive foramen (IF), the GPF and the palatine alveolar ridge (PAR), right side GPF (GPFr) and left side (GPFl) GPFs; and the angles formed from the intersection of the GPF, IF and PS were assessed. The position of the GPF was evaluated in relation to the molars. RESULTS: GPFr and GPFl mean distances from PAR presented higher values for dolichofacial patients (p < 0.05). GPFr and GPFl location distally to the third molar (3 M) was higher for brachyfacial type, while their location distally to the second molar was higher for mesofacial and between the mesial and distal surfaces of the 3 M for dolichofacial (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The GPF was more distant from the PAR in the dolichofacial-type group. The location of the GPF in relation to the molars varied according to the facial type. However, the morphology of the GPF was similar in the three facial types, and the elongated in the anteroposterior direction morphology was more frequent.

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Aim: This case report aims to demonstrate a rare mandibular canal (MC) variation, presenting right trifurcation and left bifurcation through Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Case report: A 26-year-old female patient with no systemic disorders was referred for surgical removal of the lower third molars due to the presence of painful symptoms. CBCT was requested to evaluate the relationship between third molars and the mandibular canal and to guide the surgical planning. Tomographic volume was analyzed through the Sidexis software (Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Germany). During the analysis of tomographic sections, it was possible to observe the presence of bilateral MC variations. Bifurcation of the right MC and trifurcation of the left MC were observed. Conclusion: The present report highlighted the importance of CBCT for the diagnosis of anatomical changes, such as MC trifurcation.

Objetivo: Este relato tem por objetivo descrever uma rara variação do canal mandibular (CM) apresentando trifurcação direita e bifurcação esquerda, por meio da Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC). Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 26 anos de idade, sem comprometimento sistêmico, foi encaminhada para remoção cirúrgica dos terceiros molares inferiores devido a presença de sintomatologia dolorosa. Foi solicitada uma TCFC para avaliar a relação entre terceiros molares e o canal mandibular, para orientar o planejamento cirúrgico. O volume tomográfico foi analisado por meio do software Sidexis (Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Alemanha). Durante a análise dos cortes tomográficos, foi possível observar a presença de variações do CM bilateralmente. Observou-se bifurcação do CM direito e trifurcação do CM esquerdo. Conclusão: O presente relato destacou a importância da TCFC para o diagnóstico das alterações anatômicas, como a trifurcação do canal mandibular.

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BACKGROUND: Dental caries morbidity stages and their impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) have not yet been established. AIM: To compare the association of dental caries morbidity stages with OHRQoL in children and adolescents from public schools of Patos-PB, Brazil. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed on 461 students at 8-10 years and 454 at 11-14 years. Caries was evaluated by Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument. The maximum CAST code per individual was registered. OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaires for children (CPQ8-10 ) and adolescents (CPQ11-14 ). RESULTS: Morbidity stage was the most prevalent caries condition in children (40.8%) and adolescents (38.1%). Factors associated with higher CPQ8-10 scores in the multivariate regression analysis after adjustments were age [9 years, prevalence ratio (PR): 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.45; and 10 years, PR: 1.32, CI: 1.13-1.55] and dental caries status [morbidity, PR: 1.23, CI: 1.03-1.48; and severe morbidity, PR: 1.30, CI: 1.04-1.61]. The factor associated with higher CPQ11-14 scores was dental caries status [morbidity, PR: 1.20, CI: 1.00-1.44]. CONCLUSIONS: The OHRQoL of children was negatively associated with morbidity and severe morbidity stages of dental caries, while for adolescents, only morbidity had a negative association with their OHRQoL.

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