RESUMO
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra complex is the most common uterine infection in adult and elderly bitches and can cause renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to measure and compare urinary creatinine, urea, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urinary protein-creatinine ratio (UPC), measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP), and Doppler velocimetry of renal arteries in patients with CEH-pyometra complex before and after an average of 6 months of treatment, evaluating the possibility of the changes persisting. The evaluation was conducted at two moments: M1 (at the diagnosis of CEH-pyometra, n = 36) and M2 (after an average of six months of treatment, n = 16). For the control group, eight bitches with no changes in blood tests or history of conditions underwent Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the renal arteries. At both M1 and M2, we measured creatinine, urea, and serum SDMA, UPC, SBP, and Doppler ultrasound of the renal arteries. Patients were evaluated according to the following groups: azotemic (AZO) and non-azotemic (NAZO), and open and closed cervix pyometra. The parameters were compared between animals present in both moments presented as M1R (bitches that were in M1 and M2) and M2. Statistical significance was considered when p < .05. The medians found for creatinine in M1 were as follows: 1.15 mg/dL, being 1.8 mg/dL for AZO (12/36) and 0.95 mg/dL for NAZO (24/36); and in M2: 0.85 mg/dL (16/16), being 1.15 mg/dL for AZO (4/16) and 0.8 mg/dL for NAZO (12/36). For urea, in M1 it was 36 mg/dL (32/36), with AZO being 103 mg/dL (11/32) and 33 mg/dL in NAZO (21/32); and in M2 32 mg/dL (16/ 16), being 29 mg/dL for AZO (4/36), and 31 mg/dL for NAZO (3/15). The median SDMA measured in M1R was 17 µg/dL (15/16), with AZO being 31 µg/dL (3/15), and NAZO being 16.5 µg/dL (12/15); and in M2, SDMA was 12 µg/dL (16/16), with AZO being 12.5 µg/dL (4/16), and NAZO being 12 µg/dL (12/16). The median UPC measured in M1 was 1.15 (10/36), with AZO being 0.25 (1/10), and NAZO being 1.38 (9/10); and in M2, it was 0.2 (13/16), being 0.1 in AZO (4/13), and 0.2 (9/16) in NAZO. For SBP, in M1, it was 118 mmHg (30/36), with AZO being 102 mmHg (10/30) and 133 mmHg in NAZO (20/30); and in M2 142.5 mmHg (12/16), being 155 mmHg for AZO (4/12), and 140 mg/dL for NAZO (8/12). When comparing animals with open and closed cervixes, a difference was found between SDMA measurements (p = .001). There was a distinction between PI and RI of the left and right kidneys consecutively (p = .007; p = .033; p = .019; p = .041). Correlations found in M1: SDMA × PI RIM DIR (r = 0.873; p = .002), SDMA × PSV RIM ESQ (r = 0.840; p = .004), SDMA × EDV RIM ESQ (r = 0.675; p = .046). With this study, we conclude a return to normality of renal biomarkers and clinical parameters after six months. Yet, there is a persistence of Doppler velocimetric measurements between the two moments. Thus, this parameter is not suitable for identifying and classifying chronic kidney injury in bitches with pyometra.
Assuntos
Hiperplasia Endometrial , Piometra , Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Hiperplasia Endometrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Hiperplasia Endometrial/veterinária , Piometra/veterinária , Creatinina , Rim , Biomarcadores , Ureia , ReologiaRESUMO
The use of α2-adrenergic agonists in association with urethral catheterization has been used as a technique for pharmacological semen collection in cats. The mechanism of action of this drug is the stimulation of adrenoreceptors in the vas deferens, which results in ejaculation. While medetomidine is the α2-agonist most commonly used in studies, ejaculation with the use of dexmedetomidine associated with ketamine has been effective, but with variable results. Therefore, further studies regarding the methodology of use are required to obtain better seminal quality. This study aimed to compare two pharmacological semen collection times after the association of dexmedetomidine (30 µg/kg, IM; Dormitor®, Zoetis), ketamine (5 mg/kg, IM; ketamine, Vetnil) and urethral catheterization using a tomcat probe (0.8 mm × 1.00 mm × 11 cm). The collections were divided into two experimental groups: G10 (N = 8; urethral catheterization after 10 min of anaesthesia) and G15 (N = 8; urethral catheterization after 15 min of anaesthesia). The ejaculates were evaluated for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, morphology and kinetics using the CASA system. To compare the groups, the t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used with a significance level of 5%. It was identified that ejaculate volume (G10: 22.62 ± 2.13 vs. G15: 26.81 ± 1.55; p < .001) and sperm concentration (G10: 48.10 × 106 ± 17.84 vs. G15: 90.18 × 106 ± 19.35; p < .001) was higher in G15 than in G10 and had a lower percentage of minor defects than G10 (G10: 3.12 ± 2.41 vs. G15: 1.00 ± 1.19; p = .043). Regarding the kinetic parameters, the results of G15 were better for total motility-TM (G10: 67.00 ± 10.33 vs. G15: 81.87 ± 7.99; p = .006) and faster cells-RAPID: (G10: 55.00 ± 16.63 vs. G15: 74.25 ± 11.94; p = .019); whereas a higher proportion of cells with slow speed-SLOW were seen in G10 (G10: 31.00 ± 12.07 vs. 17.12 ± 7.53; p = .015). Based on these findings, we suggest that collection via urethral catheterization should be performed 15 min after the application of ketamine-associated dexmedetomidine to obtain a better-quality ejaculate.
Assuntos
Dexmedetomidina , Ketamina , Gatos , Masculino , Animais , Sêmen/fisiologia , Dexmedetomidina/farmacologia , Medetomidina/farmacologia , Ejaculação , Agonistas Adrenérgicos , Motilidade dos EspermatozoidesRESUMO
Uterine torsion can be defined as the rotation of the uterine horn or body of the uterus, and it can be present in both clockwise and counterclockwise, its rotation can vary which directly affects the prognosis. It is a rare condition in bitches, and pregnancy is a factor commonly involved in this condition. The ovariosalpingohisterectomy (OSH) technique is the treatment of choice. A bitch of two years old of Pinscher breed was attend with a history of copulafor approximately 30 days ago, manifesting anorexia, apathy and abdominal pain for two days. Animal was hypothermic, dehydrated, hypotensive, hypoglycemic and presented neutrophilia lynfocytosis with a left shift. By performing the ultrasound examination, the presence of dead fetuses was observed. It was decided to initially stabilize the patient, subsequent OSH surgery was performed. Antibiotics and analgesics were administered during the hospitalization period, observing an improvement in the condition on the third day. The patient was discharged from hospital and a good recovery was observed on return. Despite the rare involvement of bitches in cases of uterine torsion, pregnancy can increase the risk of occurrences, the rapid intervention is of paramount importancef or the prognosis, since in this case the treatment proposed by the literature was carried out, obtaining the total recovery of the patient.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Cães , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Útero/anormalidades , Histerectomia/veterináriaRESUMO
Malignant mammary tumors are most prevalent neoplasms in bitches. Currently, it is known the influence of several factors and biological markers involved in tumors development, such as cyclooxygenase-2. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appears as a promising adjuvant treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effectiveness of piroxicam and Trocoxil® (mavacoxib) in reduce the peritumoral temperature. At random, it was selected 16 middle-aged bitches presenting mammary tumor according the routine of the Veterinary Hospital. On day 0, after clinical examination and thermography of both mammary chains, piroxicam was prescribed to group 1 (n=12) (0.3mg/kg, VO, SID, 10 days) and to group 2 (n=4) was prescribed Trocoxil® (2mg/kg, VO, single dose). After 10 days, the animals returned for further evaluation and the second thermography. The images were analyzed, tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis by the SigmaPlot® program in a simple t-test, considering p<0.05. The results indicated that Trocoxil® showed a better ability to reduce peritumoral temperature than piroxicam after 10 days of treatment (p=0.041), suggesting this drug with better efficiency in the adjuvant treatment of mammary neoplasms in bitches.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/tratamento farmacológico , TermografiaRESUMO
Mast cell tumor is the most common skin tumor in dogs. Due to mast cell proliferation, the affected animals present clinical symptoms compatible with the release of excess histamine granules present inside these cells leading to changes in the gastrointestinal and vascular tracts with the possibility of causing anaphylactic shock. The diagnosis is made by cytopathological analysis and classified by means of histopathology. Treatment is based on staging, surgical exeresis with antineoplastic chemotherapy and drug treatment to inhibit the effects of histamine release. A dog of 14 years old of Boxer breed was attend complaining of nodulation in the testicular bag with a two month evolution. Animal was diagnosed with mast cell tumor. Treatment was instituted by surgical excision and due to the metastatic possibility in regional lymph node, antineoplastic and drug therapy was indicated, which was not successful due of the person responsible non-adherence to the treatment. Mast cell tumor classified as high grade after histopathological analysis. Animal survived for two months after diagnosis of the disease. Due to the high grade of neoplastic presentation and difficulty in treatment, the animal had low survival, corroborating with data described in the literature regarding the poor prognosis of this tumor type.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Mastocitose/diagnóstico , Mastocitose/tratamento farmacológico , Mastocitose/veterinária , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterináriaRESUMO
Transmissible venereal tumor is a round cell neoplasm caused by the transfer of tumor cells usually during copulation which affects the external genitalia of female and male dogs. Despite the benign character, its potential for malignancy increases in immunocompromised animals and tumors can spread to different parts of the body. Presents a simple diagnosis through cytopathological analysis and treatment consists in chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate as the initial choice, because it is economically viable, well tolerated and effective in most cases. The present study reports the case of a canine, male, SRD, 8 years old, presenting TVT in the penis and foreskin and significant clinical changes. It was submitted to five chemotherapy sessions with a veterinary colleague, but the treatment was not successful. Due to the clinical worsening during hospitalization and the poor prognosis of the case, the tutor opted for euthanasia. During the autopsy, nodules were found in the pancreas, kidneys, inguinal, sacral and illicit lymph nodes, besides the mass in the preputial and inguinal region. All of those were compatible with transmissible venereal tumor lymphocytoid subtype and its metastases. Because few cases of distant metastases from genital tumors were reported, presenting wide systemic involvement and refractory to conventional treatment, we opted for the description of this case.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/veterináriaRESUMO
Uterine torsion can be defined as the rotation of the uterine horn or body of the uterus, and it can be present in both clockwise and counterclockwise, its rotation can vary which directly affects the prognosis. It is a rare condition in bitches, and pregnancy is a factor commonly involved in this condition. The ovariosalpingohisterectomy (OSH) technique is the treatment of choice. A bitch of two years old of Pinscher breed was attend with a history of copulafor approximately 30 days ago, manifesting anorexia, apathy and abdominal pain for two days. Animal was hypothermic, dehydrated, hypotensive, hypoglycemic and presented neutrophilia lynfocytosis with a left shift. By performing the ultrasound examination, the presence of dead fetuses was observed. It was decided to initially stabilize the patient, subsequent OSH surgery was performed. Antibiotics and analgesics were administered during the hospitalization period, observing an improvement in the condition on the third day. The patient was discharged from hospital and a good recovery was observed on return. Despite the rare involvement of bitches in cases of uterine torsion, pregnancy can increase the risk of occurrences, the rapid intervention is of paramount importancef or the prognosis, since in this case the treatment proposed by the literature was carried out, obtaining the total recovery of the patient.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gravidez , Cães , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Histerectomia/veterinária , Útero/anormalidadesRESUMO
Transmissible venereal tumor is a round cell neoplasm caused by the transfer of tumor cells usually during copulation which affects the external genitalia of female and male dogs. Despite the benign character, its potential for malignancy increases in immunocompromised animals and tumors can spread to different parts of the body. Presents a simple diagnosis through cytopathological analysis and treatment consists in chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate as the initial choice, because it is economically viable, well tolerated and effective in most cases. The present study reports the case of a canine, male, SRD, 8 years old, presenting TVT in the penis and foreskin and significant clinical changes. It was submitted to five chemotherapy sessions with a veterinary colleague, but the treatment was not successful. Due to the clinical worsening during hospitalization and the poor prognosis of the case, the tutor opted for euthanasia. During the autopsy, nodules were found in the pancreas, kidneys, inguinal, sacral and illicit lymph nodes, besides the mass in the preputial and inguinal region. All of those were compatible with transmissible venereal tumor lymphocytoid subtype and its metastases. Because few cases of distant metastases from genital tumors were reported, presenting wide systemic involvement and refractory to conventional treatment, we opted for the description of this case.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/veterináriaRESUMO
Malignant mammary tumors are most prevalent neoplasms in bitches. Currently, it is known the influence of several factors and biological markers involved in tumors development, such as cyclooxygenase-2. Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appears as a promising adjuvant treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the effectiveness of piroxicam and Trocoxil® (mavacoxib) in reduce the peritumoral temperature. At random, it was selected 16 middle-aged bitches presenting mammary tumor according the routine of the Veterinary Hospital. On day 0, after clinical examination and thermography of both mammary chains, piroxicam was prescribed to group 1 (n=12) (0.3mg/kg, VO, SID, 10 days) and to group 2 (n=4) was prescribed Trocoxil® (2mg/kg, VO, single dose). After 10 days, the animals returned for further evaluation and the second thermography. The images were analyzed, tabulated and submitted to statistical analysis by the SigmaPlot® program in a simple t-test, considering p<0.05. The results indicated that Trocoxil® showed a better ability to reduce peritumoral temperature than piroxicam after 10 days of treatment (p=0.041), suggesting this drug with better efficiency in the adjuvant treatment of mammary neoplasms in bitches.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , TermografiaRESUMO
Mast cell tumor is the most common skin tumor in dogs. Due to mast cell proliferation, the affected animals present clinical symptoms compatible with the release of excess histamine granules present inside these cells leading to changes in the gastrointestinal and vascular tracts with the possibility of causing anaphylactic shock. The diagnosis is made by cytopathological analysis and classified by means of histopathology. Treatment is based on staging, surgical exeresis with antineoplastic chemotherapy and drug treatment to inhibit the effects of histamine release. A dog of 14 years old of Boxer breed was attend complaining of nodulation in the testicular bag with a two month evolution. Animal was diagnosed with mast cell tumor. Treatment was instituted by surgical excision and due to the metastatic possibility in regional lymph node, antineoplastic and drug therapy was indicated, which was not successful due of the person responsible non-adherence to the treatment. Mast cell tumor classified as high grade after histopathological analysis. Animal survived for two months after diagnosis of the disease. Due to the high grade of neoplastic presentation and difficulty in treatment, the animal had low survival, corroborating with data described in the literature regarding the poor prognosis of this tumor type.(AU)