RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em amostras sanguíneas de cães, em diferentes concentrações de anticoagulante EDTA-Na2 e diferentes tempos de armazenamento em temperatura entre 4 e 8°C por até 48 horas. Para isso, foram coletados 12mL de sangue por venopunção jugular ou cefálica de 30 cães (Canis lupus familiaris), procedentes do atendimento clínico realizados no Hospital Veterinário da UFERSA - Mossoró-RN. As amostras foram distribuídas em 4 tubos de ensaio, sendo 3 tubos contendo 50uL de EDTA-Na2 para a análise hematológica, preenchidos com 1mL, 3mL e 4mL, e o quarto tubo, para análise bioquímica, sem anticoagulante, foi acondicionado 4mL da amostra. As análises foram realizadas durante a primeira hora, 24 e 48 horas após a coleta. Posteriormente às análises, observou-se que as variáveis hematológicas se mostraram estáveis ao longo do tempo e independente da concentração de anticoagulante, sem diferenças significativas. Os resultados revelaram que a relação sangue/anticoagulante não interfere nos parâmetros do hemograma quando mantidas em condições adequadas de armazenamento e processadas em analisador hematológico Scil Vet abc™. Quanto às análises bioquímicas, submetidas às mesmas condições de armazenamento, também se mostraram estáveis por até 48 horas. Desse modo, conclui-se que as amostras sanguíneas podem ser armazenadas entre 4°C e 8°C por até 48 horas.(AU)

The objective of this study was to verify hematological and biochemical alterations in blood samples from dogs, in different concentrations of anticoagulant EDTA-Na2 and different storage times in temperature between 4 and 8°C for up to 48 hours. For this, 12mL of blood were collected by jugular or cephalic venipuncture from 30 dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), from the clinical care performed at the Veterinary Hospital of UFERSA - Mossoró-RN. The samples were distributed in 4 test tubes, 3 tubes containing 50uL of EDTA-Na2 for the hematological analysis, filled with 1mL, 3mL and 4mL, and the fourth tube, for biochemical analysis, without anticoagulant, was conditioned 4 mL of the sample. The analyzes were performed during the first hour, 24 and 48 hours after collection. Subsequent to the analyzes, it was observed that the hematological variables were stable over time and independent of the anticoagulant concentration, without significant differences. The results showed that the blood / anticoagulant ratio did not interfere in the hemogram when stored under adequate conditions of storage and processed in a hematology analyzer Scil Vet abc ™. As for the biochemical analyzes, submitted to the same storage conditions, they were also stable for up to 48 hours. Thus, it is concluded that blood samples can be stored between 4°C and 8°C for up to 48 hours.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em amostras sanguíneas de cães, em diferentes concentrações de anticoagulante EDTA-Na2 e diferentes tempos de armazenamento em temperatura entre 4 e 8°C por até 48 horas. Para isso, foram coletados 12mL de sangue por venopunção jugular ou cefálica de 30 cães (Canis lupus familiaris), procedentes do atendimento clínico realizados no Hospital Veterinário da UFERSA - Mossoró-RN. As amostras foram distribuídas em 4 tubos de ensaio, sendo 3 tubos contendo 50uL de EDTA-Na2 para a análise hematológica, preenchidos com 1mL, 3mL e 4mL, e o quarto tubo, para análise bioquímica, sem anticoagulante, foi acondicionado 4mL da amostra. As análises foram realizadas durante a primeira hora, 24 e 48 horas após a coleta. Posteriormente às análises, observou-se que as variáveis hematológicas se mostraram estáveis ao longo do tempo e independente da concentração de anticoagulante, sem diferenças significativas. Os resultados revelaram que a relação sangue/anticoagulante não interfere nos parâmetros do hemograma quando mantidas em condições adequadas de armazenamento e processadas em analisador hematológico Scil Vet abc™. Quanto às análises bioquímicas, submetidas às mesmas condições de armazenamento, também se mostraram estáveis por até 48 horas. Desse modo, conclui-se que as amostras sanguíneas podem ser armazenadas entre 4°C e 8°C por até 48 horas.

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RESUMO

Background: Despite the proven copper deficiency in several parts of Brazil, reports of acute and accumulative copper poisoning are increasing in ruminants. Sheep are known to be far more sensible to copper toxicity than cattle, but the sensibility of goats is not quite known. The present paper aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial and pathological findings of two outbreaks of accumulative copper poisoning in sheep fed poultry litter in Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, and to compare these findings with national outbreaks. Cases: Two outbreaks of copper poisoning occurred in the municipalities of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte [outbreak 1], and Icapuí, Ceará [outbreak 2], Brazil. A total of 35 sheep [outbreak 1] and 190 small ruminants (175 sheep and 15 goats) [outbreak 2] were fed poultry litter. First clinical signs of poisoning started after two months of litter consumption. Main clinical signs were apathy, jaundice, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dark urine. Clinical evolution varied between one and eight days. Laboratorial findings in ill animals consisted of anemia, highly increased serum AST and GGT activities and urea and creatinine levels; whilst in the non symptomatic sheep and one goat revealed high and light GGT increase, respectively. Poultry litter analysis revealed levels of 449, 2610, 414 and 333 mg/kg of [...](AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Despite the proven copper deficiency in several parts of Brazil, reports of acute and accumulative copper poisoning are increasing in ruminants. Sheep are known to be far more sensible to copper toxicity than cattle, but the sensibility of goats is not quite known. The present paper aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial and pathological findings of two outbreaks of accumulative copper poisoning in sheep fed poultry litter in Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, and to compare these findings with national outbreaks. Cases: Two outbreaks of copper poisoning occurred in the municipalities of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte [outbreak 1], and Icapuí, Ceará [outbreak 2], Brazil. A total of 35 sheep [outbreak 1] and 190 small ruminants (175 sheep and 15 goats) [outbreak 2] were fed poultry litter. First clinical signs of poisoning started after two months of litter consumption. Main clinical signs were apathy, jaundice, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and dark urine. Clinical evolution varied between one and eight days. Laboratorial findings in ill animals consisted of anemia, highly increased serum AST and GGT activities and urea and creatinine levels; whilst in the non symptomatic sheep and one goat revealed high and light GGT increase, respectively. Poultry litter analysis revealed levels of 449, 2610, 414 and 333 mg/kg of [...]

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Gossypol, a polyphenol compound produced by cotton plant, has proven reproductive toxicity, but the effects of gossypol on sheep ovaries are unknown. This study was aimed to determine the in vitro and in vivo effects of gossypol on the ovarian follicles of sheep. This trial was divided into two experiments. In the first one, we used twelve non-pregnant, nulliparous, Santa Inês crossbred ewes, which were randomly distributed into two equal groups and fed diets with and without cottonseed cake. Feed was offered at 1.5% of the animal's body weight for 63 days. The concentrations of total and free gossypol in the cottonseed cake were 3.28 mg/g and 0.11 mg/g, respectively. Throughout the trial period, no animal showed clinical signs of toxicity and no effects on body weight were observed. However, there was a significantly lower number of viable ovarian follicles (20.6%) and higher number of atretic follicles (79.4%) in the gossypol-fed sheep compared to the control (85.1 and 34.9%, respectively). These findings were observed at all stages of follicular development. In the second experiment, eight ovaries from slaughterhouse were cultured with different concentrations of gossypol acetic acid (0, 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL) for 24 hours or seven days. The in vitro action of gossypol resulted in a significant decrease in viable ovarian follicles, especially the primary and transition follicles, and a significant increase in the number of atretic follicles after 24 hours of culture. These follicles were greatly affected when cultured with gossypol for seven days. It is concluded that gossypol present in cotton seeds directly acts on ovarian follicles in sheep to increase atresia.

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The present study aimed to determine if gossypol interferes with ovarian follicles in rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were assigned to two equal groups: one control group and the other dosed with gossypol (25 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) for 15 days. Ovarian follicles were histologically classified according to the stage of development and as normal or atretic. Gossypol treatment reduced the length of estrous with an increase in the duration of the diestrus phase. This compound was responsible for reduced serum levels of T4 and progesterone. Treatment with gossypol was responsible for a significant reduction in the number of normal ovarian follicles and a significant increase in the number of atretic follicles, both in all stages of development. Thus, treatment of rats with gossypol was responsible for reduction in the number of viable follicles and changes in hormone levels that resulted in interference of the estrous cycle.

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This study aimed to evaluate the pathological changes that occur after administering different doses of R. jimi (Stevaux, 2002) parotoid glands secretion to Gallus gallus domesticus chicks. Twenty-three animals were used in this study and were divided into 5 groups that received a toad venom dose of 0, 3.0 mg/kg, 6.0 mg/kg, 10.0 mg/kg, and 25.0 mg/kg. After 48 h, the necropsy and pathological examinations were performed. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any group. Macroscopically, hepatomegaly, areas of liver necrosis, splenomegaly, necrotic and hemorrhagic cardiac regions, hydropericardium, dark necrotic lesions of Meckel's diverticulum, and hemorrhages in the lungs and kidneys were detected. Histopathological changes included diffuse vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, severe sinusoidal congestion, focal areas of hemorrhage in the parenchyma, swollen cardiac fibers, necrotic myocardial fibers, moderate to acute diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, vacuolar degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium, necrosis of renal tubules, and extensive hemorrhagic areas below the brain and cerebellar meninges. In conclusion, pathological changes of the R. jimi toxins in chicks were noted in the heart, spleen, liver, Meckel's diverticulum, lungs, and kidneys. Most of the changes were similar to those observed in humans and animals exposed to toxins from other toad species.

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The present article aimed to conduct a retrospective study of the main clinical and epidemiological findings in 25 cases of colic in equidae from Rio Grande do Norte. Twenty five equidae (21 horses, three mules and one donkey) were included. Clinical treatment was performed in 15 equidae with moderate large colon impaction (n = 6), cecal bloat (n = 4), gastric overload (n = 3), cecal impaction (n = 1) and gastric ulcers (n = 1). Six horses with severe large colon impaction (n = 2), meconium impaction (n = 2), left dorsal displacement of the large colon (n = 1) and verminotic arteritis (n = 1) were submitted to exploratory laparotomy. Four horses were not treated due to severe systemic disturbances and poor prognosis. Higher incidence occurred in Quarter horses and crossbreed horses followed by mules and single cases in a pony and a donkey. Impactions of the large intestine and cecal bloat were the major causes of colic in equidae from this study; and mainly resulted from erroneous feeding management by the owners or handlers.(AU)

O presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos principais achados clínicos-epidemiológicos em 25 casos de cólica em equídeos do Rio Grande do Norte. Vinte e cinco equídeos (21 cavalos, três muares e um asinino) foram incluídos. O tratamento clínico foi realizado em 15 equídeos com compactação do cólon moderada (n = 6), timpanismo cecal (n = 4), sobrecarga gástrica (n = 3), compactação de ceco (n = 1) e úlceras gástricas (n = 1). Seis equinos com compactação do cólon grave (n = 2), retenção de mecônio (n = 2), deslocamento dorsal do cólon maior esquerdo (n = 1) e arterite verminótica (n = 1) foram submetidos à laparotomia exploratória. Quatro equinos não foram tratados devido aos distúrbios sistêmicos graves e prognóstico ruim. A maior incidência ocorreu em equinos Quarto de Milha e seus mestiços, seguidos por muares e casos únicos em um pônei e um asinino. Compactações do intestino grosso e o timpanismo cecal foram as principais causas de cólica em equídeos deste estudo, e, principalmente, como consequência do manejo alimentar errôneo por parte dos proprietários ou tratadores.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present article aimed to conduct a retrospective study of the main clinical and epidemiological findings in 25 cases of colic in equidae from Rio Grande do Norte. Twenty five equidae (21 horses, three mules and one donkey) were included. Clinical treatment was performed in 15 equidae with moderate large colon impaction (n = 6), cecal bloat (n = 4), gastric overload (n = 3), cecal impaction (n = 1) and gastric ulcers (n = 1). Six horses with severe large colon impaction (n = 2), meconium impaction (n = 2), left dorsal displacement of the large colon (n = 1) and verminotic arteritis (n = 1) were submitted to exploratory laparotomy. Four horses were not treated due to severe systemic disturbances and poor prognosis. Higher incidence occurred in Quarter horses and crossbreed horses followed by mules and single cases in a pony and a donkey. Impactions of the large intestine and cecal bloat were the major causes of colic in equidae from this study; and mainly resulted from erroneous feeding management by the owners or handlers.

O presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos principais achados clínicos-epidemiológicos em 25 casos de cólica em equídeos do Rio Grande do Norte. Vinte e cinco equídeos (21 cavalos, três muares e um asinino) foram incluídos. O tratamento clínico foi realizado em 15 equídeos com compactação do cólon moderada (n = 6), timpanismo cecal (n = 4), sobrecarga gástrica (n = 3), compactação de ceco (n = 1) e úlceras gástricas (n = 1). Seis equinos com compactação do cólon grave (n = 2), retenção de mecônio (n = 2), deslocamento dorsal do cólon maior esquerdo (n = 1) e arterite verminótica (n = 1) foram submetidos à laparotomia exploratória. Quatro equinos não foram tratados devido aos distúrbios sistêmicos graves e prognóstico ruim. A maior incidência ocorreu em equinos Quarto de Milha e seus mestiços, seguidos por muares e casos únicos em um pônei e um asinino. Compactações do intestino grosso e o timpanismo cecal foram as principais causas de cólica em equídeos deste estudo, e, principalmente, como consequência do manejo alimentar errôneo por parte dos proprietários ou tratadores.

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RESUMO

Gossypol is a highly reactive compound present in cotton (Gossypium spp.). The aim of this work was to determine whether the administration of gossypol conjugated to albumin can immunize rats and thereby prevent the acute hepatotoxicity associated with gossypol. The first experiment consisted of administering the immunogen gossypol-BSA, with or without the Freund's incomplete adjuvant, to rats. The production of antibodies against gossypol was subsequently verified. The second experiment comprised three groups of Wistar rats: VG, CG and CO. The rats from the VG cohort were injected with gossypol-BSA associated with Freund's incomplete adjuvant, and the animals from the CG and CO groups were injected with saline solution. After 21 days, the rats from the VG and CG cohorts were treated with 30 mg/kg of gossypol by intraperitoneal injection, whereas the rats from the CO group received corn oil. After 24 h, the rats were evaluated for clinical signs of pathology, and their serum was biochemically analyzed. It was found that gossypol promoted hepatotoxic effects that were not prevented by the administration of gossypol-BSA. In conclusion, the administration of gossypol-BSA associated with Freund's incomplete adjuvant may be lightly to prevent the acute hepatotoxicity associated with gossypol.

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