RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) cause a wide variety of bacterial infections and coinfections, showing a complex interaction that involves the production of different metabolites and metabolic changes. Temperature is a key factor for bacterial survival and virulence and within the host, bacteria could be exposed to an increment in temperature during fever development. We analyzed the previously unexplored effect of fever-like temperatures (39 °C) on S. aureus USA300 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 microaerobic mono- and co-cultures compared with 37 °C, by using RNAseq and physiological assays including in vivo experiments. RESULTS: In general terms both temperature and co-culturing had a strong impact on both PA and SA with the exception of the temperature response of monocultured PA. We studied metabolic and virulence changes in both species. Altered metabolic features at 39 °C included arginine biosynthesis and the periplasmic glucose oxidation in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa monocultures respectively. When PA co-cultures were exposed at 39 °C, they upregulated ethanol oxidation-related genes along with an increment in organic acid accumulation. Regarding virulence factors, monocultured SA showed an increase in the mRNA expression of the agr operon and hld, pmsα, and pmsß genes at 39 °C. Supported by mRNA data, we performed physiological experiments and detected and increment in hemolysis, staphyloxantin production, and a decrease in biofilm formation at 39 °C. On the side of PA monocultures, we observed an increase in extracellular lipase and protease and biofilm formation at 39 °C along with a decrease in the motility in correlation with changes observed at mRNA abundance. Additionally, we assessed host-pathogen interaction both in vitro and in vivo. S. aureus monocultured at 39οC showed a decrease in cellular invasion and an increase in IL-8-but not in IL-6-production by A549 cell line. PA also decreased its cellular invasion when monocultured at 39 °C and did not induce any change in IL-8 or IL-6 production. PA strongly increased cellular invasion when co-cultured at 37 and 39 °C. Finally, we observed increased lethality in mice intranasally inoculated with S. aureus monocultures pre-incubated at 39 °C and even higher levels when inoculated with co-cultures. The bacterial burden for P. aeruginosa was higher in liver when the mice were infected with co-cultures previously incubated at 39 °C comparing with 37 °C. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight a relevant change in the virulence of bacterial opportunistic pathogens exposed to fever-like temperatures in presence of competitors, opening new questions related to bacteria-bacteria and host-pathogen interactions and coevolution.
Assuntos
Infecções por Pseudomonas , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Camundongos , Animais , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Virulência/fisiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Temperatura , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/farmacologia , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/farmacologia , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Biofilmes , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) active cases continue to demand the development of safe and effective treatments. This is the first clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral thymic peptides. ; We conducted a nonrandomized phase 2 trial with a historic control group to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a daily 250-mg oral dose of thymic peptides in the treatment of hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Comparisons based on standard care from registry data were performed after propensity score matching. The primary outcomes were survival, time to recovery, and number of participants with treatment-related adverse events or side effects by day 20. ; A total of 44 patients were analyzed in this study: 22 in the thymic peptide group and 22 in the standard care group. There were no deaths in the intervention group compared to 24% mortality in standard care by day 20 (log-rank P=0.02). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly shorter time to recovery by day 20 in the thymic peptide group than in the standard care group (median, 6 days vs. 12 days; hazard ratio for recovery, 2.75 [95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 5.62]; log-rank P=0.002). No side effects or adverse events were reported. ; In patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the use of thymic peptides resulted in no side effects, adverse events, or deaths by day 20. Compared with the registry data, a significantly shorter time to recovery and mortality reduction were measured.
Assuntos
Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Peptídeos , Humanos , Honduras , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Peptídeos/efeitos adversos , Modelos de Riscos ProporcionaisRESUMO
Late blight and Guatemalan potato tuber moth caused by Phytophthora infestans and Tecia solanivora, respectively, are major phytosanitary problems on potato crops in Colombia and Ecuador. Hence, the development of resistant cultivars is an alternative for their control. However, breeding initiatives for durable resistance using molecular tools are limited due to the genome complexity and high heterozygosity in autotetraploid potatoes. To contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the resistance to P. infestans and T. solanivora in potato, the aim of this study was to identify QTLs for resistance to P. infestans and T. solanivora using a F1 tetraploid potato segregant population for both traits. Ninety-four individuals comprised this population. Parent genotypes and their progeny were genotyped using SOLCAP 12K potato array. Forty-five percent of the markers were polymorphic. A genetic linkage map was built with a length of 968.4 cM and 1,287 SNPs showing good distribution across the genome. Severity and incidence were evaluated in two crop cycles for two years. QTL analysis revealed six QTLs linked to P. infestans, four of these related to previous QTLs reported, and two novel QTLs (qrAUDPC-3 and qrAUDPC-8). Fifteen QTLs were linked to T. solanivora, being qIPC-6 and qOPA-6.1, and qIPC-10 and qIPC-10.1 stable in two different trials. This study is one of the first to identify QTLs for T. solanivora. As the population employed is a breeding population, results will contribute significantly to breeding programs to select resistant plant material, especially in countries where P. infestans and T. solanivora limit potato production.
Assuntos
Resistência à Doença/genética , Imunidade Inata/genética , Mariposas/fisiologia , Phytophthora infestans/genética , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Animais , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Fenótipo , Phytophthora infestans/parasitologia , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas/parasitologia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Solanum tuberosum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum tuberosum/imunologia , Solanum tuberosum/parasitologia , TetraploidiaRESUMO
La seguridad alimentaria incluye disponibilidad, acceso, estabilidad yutilización de alimentos seguros y nutritivos. La población celíaca podría estarexpuesta a inseguridad alimentaria.ObjetivosDeterminar la disponibilidad de alimentos libres de gluten en los hipermercadosde la ciudad de Córdoba en 2015.MétodosSe plantearon 20 visitas quincenales para relevar alimentos sin trigo-avenacebada-centeno(TACC) con y sin quinoa. Se determinó la composición proximalempleando métodos oficiales y el perfil de aminoácidos por cromatografíalíquida alta eficacia (HPLC). Se compararon los resultados con la informaciónde los rótulos. Se registraron los precios de los productos relevados
Assuntos
Bolsas de Estudo , Chenopodium quinoaRESUMO
El estudio desarrollado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS), presentado en este documento, representa un diagnóstico extenso de la situación de salud de las personas privadas de libertad, sus factores de riesgo, las condiciones medioambientales, y acceso a la atención sanitaria en los centros de privación de libertad.
Assuntos
Prisões , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Doença Crônica , Saúde Bucal , Saúde Mental , Doenças Transmissíveis , UruguaiRESUMO
El trabajo que aquí se presenta desarrollado bajo el liderazgo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS) es un aporte para el diseño de una estrategia integral de atención, promoción y prevención de la salud en los centros de internación de personas privadas de libertad
Assuntos
Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde , Prisões , Adolescente , Adulto , Instituições de Saúde, Recursos Humanos e Serviços , Promoção da Saúde , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , UruguaiRESUMO
El trabajo que aquí se presenta desarrollado bajo el liderazgo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS) es un aporte para el diseño de una estrategia integral de atención, promoción y prevención de la salud en los centros de internación de personas privadas de libertad. Integra los Documentos finales del Proyecto "Salud en los centros de privación de libertad".
Assuntos
Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde , Prisões , Adolescente , Guias como Assunto , Prontuários Médicos , UruguaiRESUMO
El trabajo que aquí se presenta desarrollado bajo el liderazgo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS) es un aporte para el diseño de una estrategia integral de atención, promoción y prevención de la salud en los centros de internación de personas privadas de libertad. Integra los Documentos finales del Proyecto "Salud en los centros de privación de libertad".
Assuntos
Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde , Prisões , Adulto , Adolescente , Saúde Bucal , Prontuários Médicos , Guias como Assunto , UruguaiRESUMO
[Introducción] El protocolo se entiende como el documento que traduce el acuerdo entre profesionales expertos en un determinado tema, en el que se detallan las actividades a realizar ante una determinada situación. Es un documento dinámico que necesita ser revisado periódicamente, y que debe incorporar el mejor conocimiento sistematizado y disponible en la materia. En este caso, se trata de sistematizar las acciones de salud a aplicar a personas privadas de libertad a su ingreso al sistema penitenciario. Sus propósitos principales son brindar a los usuarios de los servicios de salud de los centros de privación de libertad una atención de calidad, poniendo a disposición del equipo de salud diferentes herramientas que ayuden a tomar decisiones en momentos de incertidumbre, contribuyan a normalizar la práctica disminuyendo la variabilidad de las intervenciones, y sean fuente de información facilitando el desempeño del personal que se incorpora a los servicios. El trabajo que aquí se presenta desarrollado bajo el liderazgo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS) es un aporte para el diseño de una estrategia integral de atención, promoción y prevención de la salud en los centros de internación de personas privadas de libertad.
Assuntos
Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde , Prisões , Adulto , Prontuários Médicos , Guias como Assunto , UruguaiRESUMO
El trabajo que aquí se presenta desarrollado bajo el liderazgo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS) es un aporte para el diseño de una estrategia integral de atención, promoción y prevención de la salud en los centros de internación de personas privadas de libertad. Integra los Documentos finales del Proyecto "Salud en los centros de privación de libertad".