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Peroxidase (PO) has been applied in different areas of industrial biotechnology, including the control of contaminants like aflatoxin B1 in fish feeds. However, its potential negative interactions with the macro and micro components of feeds have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PO's addition to a feed on compounds like fatty acids and polyphenols using an in vitro simulation of the digestive tract of the tilapia. The influence on fatty acids was determined by changes in the peroxide index, with the feed including PO presenting values four times higher than those of the control feed. On the other hand, the in vitro digestive simulation also evidenced an effect of PO on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols significantly influenced by the total digestion time and temperature. The bioaccessibility of polyphenol ranged from 2.09 to 16.23 µmol of the total Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity for the combinations evaluated in the study. The greatest bioaccessibility was observed at the central point under the following conditions of digestive hydrolysis: pH of 7, 30 °C, 4.5 h of digestive hydrolysis and an absence of PO.

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The slow-growing, nontuberculous mycobacterium Mycobacterium kumamotonense possesses two rRNA operons, rrnA and rrnB, located downstream from the murA and tyrS genes, respectively. Here, we report the sequence and organization of the promoter regions of these two rrn operons. In the rrnA operon, transcription can be initiated from the two promoters, named P1 rrnA and PCL1, while in rrnB, transcription can only start from one, called P1 rrnB. Both rrn operons show a similar organization to the one described in Mycobacterium celatum and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Furthermore, by qRT-PCR analyses of the products generated from each promoter, we report that stress conditions such as starvation, hypoxia, and cellular infection affect the contribution of each operon to the synthesis of pre-rRNA. It was found that the products from the PCL1 promoter of rrnA play a pivotal role in rRNA synthesis during all stress conditions. Interestingly, the main participation of the products of transcription from the P1 promoter of rrnB was found during hypoxic conditions at the NRP1 phase. These results provide novel insights into pre-rRNA synthesis in mycobacteria, as well as the potential ability of M. kumamotonense to produce latent infections.

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In Spanish, the concepts of discapacidad (disability leave) and incapacidad (sick leave) jointly refer to the impairment of a person due to injuries, diseases or deficiencies that limit their activity in a social, personal or occupational field. However, this common link does not imply that both concepts are the same. Statistical data from INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística: Statistic National Institute) show that Spain had in 2015 3.85 million persons with a disability (59.8% were women). Statistical data from 2015 from INSS (Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social: Social Security National Institute) show high levels in the number of processes and in workers affected by temporary sick leave, with social costs to the social security system. Both concepts have been updated: about disability leave, Law 39/2006 adjusted terminology by avoiding the use of concepts with discriminating or pejorative connotation. Regarding sick leave, the Ley General de Seguridad Social (General Social Security Law)has been amended and came into effect in January, 2016. It is necessary to know and distinguish these aspects for a better administrative management, and a more oriented information to the affected patient.

Los conceptos de discapacidad e incapacidad hacen referencia conjuntamente al menoscabo de una persona por lesiones, enfermedades o deficiencias que limitan su actividad en el ámbito social, personal o laboral. Pero este nexo común no implica equiparación entre ambos. Datos estadísticos del 2015 del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) muestran en España 3.85 millones de personas con alguna discapacidad, el 59.8% mujeres. Datos estadísticos del 2015 del Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social (INSS), tanto en número de procesos, como de trabajadores afectados por incapacidad muestran cifras elevadas, con costos sociales en prestaciones a cargo de la seguridad social. Ambos conceptos han sido objeto de actualización legislativa: en discapacidad, la Ley 39/2006 ajusta la terminología y evita el uso de conceptos con connotación peyorativa o discriminativa. En incapacidad, la Ley General de la Seguridad Social ha sido modificada y ha entrado en vigor en enero de 2016. Es necesario conocer y diferenciar estos aspectos para una mejor gestión administrativa, e información más orientada al paciente afectado.

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RESUMEN Objetivos: validar el contenido y constructo de la encuesta CTM-3 (Care Transitions Measure- 3 preguntas) modificada. Determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios con la continuidad de cuidados de enfermería interniveles y relacionarlo con la presencia de Informe de Cuidados de Enfermería tras su última hospitalización. Material y método: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, con 131 pacientes hospitalizados en el Complejo Hospitalario de Cartagena (España).La satisfacción con la continuidad de cuidados se valoró con el cuestionario CTM-3-modificado, resultado de un proceso de validación realizado sobre el mismo. Resultados: un 94% de los encuestados presenta una satisfacción aceptable con el proceso de continuidad de cuidados. Los pacientes con Informe de Cuidados tienen un nivel alto de satisfacción con la continuidad de cuidados, RR= 0,90 (IC 95%: 0,831-0,990). Conclusiones: La validez de contenido y constructo realizadas, han permitido medir la satisfacción de los usuarios con la continuidad y su correlación con la presencia de informe, obteniendo como resultado que la realización de Informe de Cuidados influye ligeramente en la satisfacción con el proceso de continuidad de cuidados. Sin embargo, el hecho de que el informe se entregue en mano y/o se explique no parece afectar a la misma.

ABSTRACT Objectives: validate the content and construction of the modified CTM-3 survey (Care Transitions Measure - 3 questions). Determine the level of user satisfaction with the continuity of intermediate-level nursing care and relate it to the presence of a nursing care report after the most recent hospitalization. Material and method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 131 patients hospitalized at the Cartagena Hospital Complex (Spain). Satisfaction with the continuity of care was assessed with the CTM-3-modified questionnaire, which is the result of an earlier validation process. Results: Ninety-four percent (94%) of those who responded to the questionnaire indicated acceptable satisfaction with the continuity-of-care process. Patients with a care report have a high level of satisfaction with the continuity of care: RR = 0.90 (95% CI: 0.831-0.990). Conclusions: The content and construct validity of the questionnaire make it possible to measure user satisfaction with the continuity of care and its correlation to the presence of a care report, the result being that preparation of a care report slightly influences the level of satisfaction with the continuity-of-care process. On the other hand, the fact that the report is delivered by hand and/or explained appears to have no effect.

RESUMO Objetivos: validar o conteúdo e constructo do questionário CTM-3 (Care Transitions Measure - três perguntas) modificado. Determinar o nível de satisfação dos usuários com a continuidade de cuidados de enfermagem interníveis e relacioná-lo com a presença de relatório de cuidados de enfermagem após sua última hospitalização. Material e método: estudo de coortes retrospectivo, com 131 pacientes hospitalizados no Complexo Hospitalar de Cartagena (Espanha). A satisfação com a continuidade de cuidados foi avaliada com o questionário CTM-3-modificado, resultado de um processo de validação realizado sobre este. Resultados: 94 % dos entrevistados apresentam satisfação aceitável com o processo de continuidade de cuidados. Os pacientes com relatório de cuidados têm nível alto de satisfação com a continuidade de cuidados, RR= 0,90 (IC 95 %: 0,831-0,990). Conclusões: a validade de conteúdo e constructo realizada permite medir a satisfação dos usuários com a continuidade e sua correlação com a presença de relatório, obtendo como resultado que a realização de relatório de cuidados influencia levemente na satisfação com o processo de continuidade de cuidados. Contudo, o fato de que o relatório seja entregue em mãos e/ou seja explicado não parece afetá-la.

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The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to sense, respond and adapt to a variable and hostile environment within the host makes it one of the most successful human pathogens. During different stages of infection, Mtb is surrounded by a plethora of lipid molecules and current evidence points out the relevance of fatty acids during the infectious process. In this study, we have compared the transcriptional response of Mtb to hypoxia in cultures supplemented with a mix of even long-chain fatty acids or dextrose as main carbon sources. Using RNA sequencing, we have identified differential expressed genes in early and late hypoxia, defined according to the in vitro Wayne and Hayes model, and compared the results with the exponential phase of growth in both carbon sources. We show that the number of genes over-expressed in the lipid medium was quite low in both, early and late hypoxia, relative to conditions including dextrose, with the exception of transcripts of stable and non-coding RNAs, which were more expressed in the fatty acid medium. We found that sigB and sigE were over-expressed in the early phase of hypoxia, confirming their pivotal role in early adaptation to low oxygen concentration independently of the carbon source. A drastic contrast was found with the transcriptional regulatory factors at early hypoxia. Only 2 transcriptional factors were over-expressed in early hypoxia in the lipid medium compared to 37 that were over-expressed in the dextrose medium. Instead of Rv0081, known to be the central regulator of hypoxia in dextrose, Rv2745c (ClgR), seems to play a main role in hypoxia in the fatty acid medium. The low level of genes associated to the stress-response during their adaptation to hypoxia in fatty acids, suggests that this lipid environment makes hypoxia a less stressful condition for the tubercle bacilli. Taken all together, these results indicate that the presence of lipid molecules shapes the metabolic response of Mtb to an adaptive state for different stresses within the host, including hypoxia. This fact could explain the success of Mtb to establish long-term survival during latent infection.

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This work examined the expression of the septum site determining gene (ssd) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 and its ∆sigD mutant under different growing conditions. The results showed an up-regulation of ssd during stationary phase and starvation conditions, but not during in vitro dormancy, suggesting a putative role for SigD in the control of ssd expression mainly under lack-of-nutrients environments. Furthermore, we elucidated a putative link between ssd expression and cell elongation of bacilli at stationary phase. In addition, a -35 sigD consensus sequence was found for the ssd promoter region, reinforcing the putative regulation of ssd by SigD, and in turn, supporting this protein role during the adaptation of M. tuberculosis to some stressful environments.

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OBJECTIVE: Analyze adolescents' perceptions about support networks and their health needs. METHOD: Analytical and interpretive study using focus groups conducted in municipal state schools in Fortaleza, in the State of Ceará during the first semester of 2012. The sample comprised 36 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years attending the ninth grade of the second phase of elementary school. RESULTS: Thematic analysis revealed that the health care support network and interaction between health professionals, education professionals and family members was insufficient, constituting a lack of an integrated network to enable and provide support for health promotion. CONCLUSION: Coordination between education, health and family services has the potential to act as a support network to help meet adolescents' healthcare needs and demands.

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AbstractOBJECTIVEAnalyze adolescents' perceptions about support networks and their health needs.METHODAnalytical and interpretive study using focus groups conducted in municipal state schools in Fortaleza, in the State of Ceará during the first semester of 2012. The sample comprised 36 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years attending the ninth grade of the second phase of elementary school.RESULTSThematic analysis revealed that the health care support network and interaction between health professionals, education professionals and family members was insufficient, constituting a lack of an integrated network to enable and provide support for health promotion.CONCLUSIONCoordination between education, health and family services has the potential to act as a support network to help meet adolescents' healthcare needs and demands.

ResumenOBJETIVOAnalizar las percepciones de los adolescentes acerca de las redes de apoyo a sus necesidades de salud.MÉTODOEstudio analítico interpretativo, llevado a cabo en escuelas del Municipio de Fortaleza, CE, en el primer semestre de 2012, por medio de grupos focales. Los sujetos de la investigación fueron 36 adolescentes de ambos sexos con edades entre 13 y 16 años y que cursaban el último año de la educación básica brasileña.RESULTADOSEl análisis por categorización temática permitió la comprensión del fenómeno, desvelando que la red de apoyo a los cuidados sanitarios de los adolescentes y la interrelación entre los profesionales sanitarios, la escuela y los familiares es insuficiente, configurándose la ausencia de una red integrada que favorezca y dé soporte a la promoción de su salud.CONCLUSIÓNLa articulación entre los sectores educativo, familiar y sanitario puede funcionar como red de apoyo a las necesidades y demandas de cuidados de los adolescentes.

ResumoOBJETIVOAnalisar as percepções dos adolescentes sobre as redes de apoio a suas necessidades de saúdeMÉTODOEstudo analítico interpretativo, realizado em escolas do Município de Fortaleza, CE, no primeiro semestre de 2012, por meio de grupos focais. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 36 adolescentes de ambos os sexos com idades entre 13 e 16 anos e que cursavam o 9oano do ensino fundamental II.RESULTADOSA análise por categorização temática permitiu a compreensão do fenômeno, revelando que a rede de apoio aos cuidados à saúde dos adolescentes e a inter-relação entre os profissionais da saúde, da escola e familiares é insuficiente, configurando a ausência de uma rede integrada que favoreça e dê suporte à promoção de sua saúde.CONCLUSÃOA articulação entre os setores educacional, familiar e de saúde pode funcionar como rede de apoio às necessidades e demandas de cuidados dos adolescentes.

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El concepto de "daño laboral" es objeto de controversia en todos los países y la forma de entenderse varía en función de las diferentes normativas legales. Es objetivo de este trabajo valorar las circunstancias de un caso de reclamación de accidente de trabajo con resultado de muerte en un trabajador epiléptico y en el que, como consecuencia de una crisis, se produce un traumatismo craneoencefálico de consecuencias fatales. En el caso se reclama la contingencia de accidente laboral, denegada en primera instancia por la Mutua de accidentes laborales y enfermedades profesionales. En España la definición legal de accidente de trabajo ha sido desarrollada por la jurisprudencia prácticamente en todos los elementos que lo configuran; comprende el concepto de trabajo por cuenta ajena, la lesión, el daño o perjuicio ocasionado físico- psíquico y considera lesión constitutiva de accidente, no sólo la que deriva de es la acción súbita y violenta de un agente exterior sobre el cuerpo humano, sino también el daño que proviene de determinadas enfermedades, como procesos de actuación interna, súbita o lenta, que se produzcan o tengan su origen en el trabajo. En enfermedades comunes como la epilepsia, la falta de un vínculo causal estricto o directo entre la epilepsia y el trabajo no impide que se aplique la presunción legal a los resultados lesivos ocasionados por las crisis comiciales en el lugar y tiempo de trabajo (fallecimiento o lesiones sufridas por caídas originadas por la crisis), dado que los mismos pueden haberse producido con ocasión del trabajo.

The concept of "work-related injury" is controversial in all countries and its design varies depending on the different legal precepts of each one. The objective of this study is to assess the circumstances of a case of a work accident claim resulting in the death of employee suffering from epilepsy and in which, as the result of a crisis, a brain trauma occurs with fatal consequences. Laborer contingency is claimed, but it is denied in the first instance by the Mutual of occupational accidents and diseases. In Spain, the legal definition of an accident at work has been developed by case-law in virtually all the elements that constitute it. It contemplates the concept of gainful employment, damage or injury caused, of physical and mental injury, and it deems as injury or accident not only what results from the sudden and violent action of an external agent on the human body, but also the damage that comes from certain diseases such as internal processes, sudden or slow action, or arising or originating from the job. With common diseases such as epilepsy, the lack of a strict or direct causal link between epilepsy and work does not preclude any legal presumption to the harmful results caused by seizures in the place and time of the job (death or injuries from falls caused by the crisis), as these may have occurred during work.

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The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of three Piperaceae species collected in the central region of Cuba. The essential oils of Piper aduncum, P. auritum and P. umbellatum leaves, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components of P. aduncum oil were piperitone (34%), camphor (17.1%), camphene (10.9%), 1,8-cineol (8.7%) and viridiflorol (7.4%), whereas that of P. auritum and P. umbellatum was safrole (71.8 and 26.4%, respectively). The antioxidant properties of the essential oils were also evaluated using several assays for radical scavenging ability (DPPH test and reducing power) and inhibition of lipid oxidation (ferric thiocyanate method and evaluation against Cucurbita seed oil by peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and p-anisidine methods). P. auritum showed the strongest antioxidant activity among the Piper species investigated, but lower than those of butylated hydroxyanisol and propyl gallate.

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