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BACKGROUND: COPD prevalence is highly variable and geographical altitude has been linked to it, yet with conflicting results. We aimed to investigate this association, considering well known risk factors. METHODS: A pooled analysis of individual data from the PREPOCOL-PLATINO-BOLD-EPI-SCAN studies was used to disentangle the population effect of geographical altitude on COPD prevalence. Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC below the lower limit of normal defined airflow limitation consistent with COPD. High altitude was defined as >1500 m above sea level. Undiagnosed COPD was considered when participants had airflow limitation but did not report a prior diagnosis of COPD. RESULTS: Among 30,874 participants aged 56.1 ± 11.3 years from 44 sites worldwide, 55.8% were women, 49.6% never-smokers, and 12.9% (3978 subjects) were residing above 1500 m. COPD prevalence was significantly lower in participants living at high altitude with a prevalence of 8.5% compared to 9.9%, respectively (p < 0.005). However, known risk factors were significantly less frequent at high altitude. Hence, in the adjusted multivariate analysis, altitude itself had no significant influence on COPD prevalence. Living at high altitude, however, was associated with a significantly increased risk of undiagnosed COPD. Furthermore, subjects with airflow limitation living at high altitude reported significantly less respiratory symptoms compared to subjects residing at lower altitude. CONCLUSION: Living at high altitude is not associated with a difference in COPD prevalence after accounting for individual risk factors. However, high altitude itself was associated with an increased risk of undiagnosed COPD.

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Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido conocer la financiación recibida por artículos de excelencia en tabaquismo a nivel mundial entre 2010 y 2014 a través de la Web of Science, y comprobar si recibir financiación se asocia con mayor repercusión de dichos artículos. Métodos. La búsqueda se realizó en SCI-E y en el SSCI a través de la plataforma Web of Science el 20 de mayo de 2015 (período 2010–2014, tipología originales y revisiones). La estrategia de búsqueda empleada fue “smok*” OR “tobac*”. Para seleccionar los artículos de excelencia se escogieron los que tenían el índice h de la muestra global de la estrategia (número de artículos que tienen al menos ese número de citas). Resultados. De los 193 documentos totales de excelencia en tabaquismo encontrados, 158 habían recibido financiación y en ellos participaron 279 instituciones financiadoras diferentes, que intervinieron en 522 ocasiones. La financiación provino preferentemente de organismos gubernamentales, fundaciones privadas y la industria farmacéutica. Se ha observado una disminución de la financiación pública y un incremento de la privada en los años analizados. Haber recibido financiación no se asoció con mayor repercusión posterior. Conclusiones. La mayoría de los trabajos de excelencia en tabaquismo recibieron en su mayoría financiación externa procedente preferentemente de organismos gubernamentales, fundaciones privadas y la empresa farmacéutica. La financiación pública se ha reducido y la privada ha aumentado. Haber recibido financiación no se asoció con una mayor repercusión posterior.

Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the funding received by papers of excellence on smoking at the global level between 2010 and 2014 through the Web of Science, and to find out if funding is associated with greater impact. Method. We searched the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) through the Web of Science platform on 20 May 2015 (typology consisting of originals and reviews for the period from 2010 to 2014). The search strategy was “smok*” OR “tobac*.” To select the papers of excellence, we picked those that had an h index (i.e., number of articles having at least that many citations) from among the papers in the overall sample generated by the strategy. Results. Of the 193 papers of excellence on smoking that were identified, 158 had received funding from 279 different financing institutions that intervened 522 times. The funding came primarily from government agencies, private foundations, and the pharmaceutical industry. Public funding declined and private funding increased over the years included in the analysis. Receipt of funding was not associated with greater impact at a later date. Conclusions. Most of the papers of excellence on smoking received external funding primarily from government agencies, private foundations, and the pharmaceutical industry. Public funding has decreased, while private funding has increased. Receipt of funding was not associated with greater impact at a later date.

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RESUMO

OBJETIVO:El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido conocer la financiación recibida por artículos de excelencia en tabaquismo a nivel mundial entre 2010 y 2014 a través de la Web of Science, y comprobar si recibir financiación se asocia con mayor repercusión de dichos artículos. MéTODOS: La búsqueda se realizó en SCI-E y en el SSCI a través de la plataforma Web of Science el 20 de mayo de 2015 (período 2010-2014, tipología originales y revisiones). La estrategia de búsqueda empleada fue "smok*" OR "tobac*". Para seleccionar los artículos de excelencia se escogieron los que tenían el índice h de la muestra global de la estrategia (número de artículos que tienen al menos ese número de citas). RESULTADOS: De los 193 documentos totales de excelencia en tabaquismo encontrados, 158 habían recibido financiación y en ellos participaron 279 instituciones financiadoras diferentes, que intervinieron en 522 ocasiones. La financiación provino preferentemente de organismos gubernamentales, fundaciones privadas y la industria farmacéutica. Se ha observado una disminución de la financiación pública y un incremento de la privada en los años analizados. Haber recibido financiación no se asoció con mayor repercusión posterior. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los trabajos de excelencia en tabaquismo recibieron en su mayoría financiación externa procedente preferentemente de organismos gubernamentales, fundaciones privadas y la empresa farmacéutica. La financiación pública se ha reducido y la privada ha aumentado. Haber recibido financiación no se asoció con una mayor repercusión posterior.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the funding received by papers of excellence on smoking at the global level between 2010 and 2014 through the Web of Science, and to find out if funding is associated with greater impact. METHOD: We searched the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) through the Web of Science platform on 20 May 2015 (typology consisting of originals and reviews for the period from 2010 to 2014). The search strategy was "smok*" OR "tobac*." To select the papers of excellence, we picked those that had an h index (i.e., number of articles having at least that many citations) from among the papers in the overall sample generated by the strategy. RESULTS: Of the 193 papers of excellence on smoking that were identified, 158 had received funding from 279 different financing institutions that intervened 522 times. The funding came primarily from government agencies, private foundations, and the pharmaceutical industry. Public funding declined and private funding increased over the years included in the analysis. Receipt of funding was not associated with greater impact at a later date. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the papers of excellence on smoking received external funding primarily from government agencies, private foundations, and the pharmaceutical industry. Public funding has decreased, while private funding has increased. Receipt of funding was not associated with greater impact at a later date.

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