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The high prevalence of obesity in Mexico starting from the early stages of life is concerning and represents a major public health problem. Genetic association studies have reported that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that plays an important role in the regulation of metabolic cellular functions, are associated with multiple metabolic disorders and the risk of obesity. In the present study, we analyzed the effect that the SNVs rs1467568 and rs7895833 of the SIRT1 gene may have on cardiometabolic risk factors in a young adult population from Mexico. A cross-sectional study was carried out with young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 who had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 18.5 kg/m2. This study included 1122 young adults who were classified into the normal weight (n = 731), overweight group (n = 277), and obesity group (n = 114) according to BMI of whom 405 and 404 volunteers were genotyped for rs1467568 and rs7895833 respectively using TaqMan probes through allelic discrimination assays. We found that the male sex carrying the G allele of rs7895833 had slightly lower BMI levels (p = 0.009). Furthermore, subjects carrying rs1467568 (G allele) showed a 34% lower probability of presenting with hyperbetalipoproteinemia where female carrying rs1467568 had lower levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.030), triglycerides (p = 0.026) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.013). In conclusion, these findings suggest that the presence of both SNVs could have a non-risk effect against dyslipidemia in the Mexican population.

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PURPOSE: Data about molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) prevalence and its severity remains limited for some Latin American countries. Furthermore, its association with socioeconomic status (SES) is still unclear. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence and severity of MIH in Santiago, Chile and explore its association with SES. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years was conducted. Children were evaluated using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry to diagnose MIH, and the Mathu-Muju and Wright criteria to determine its severity. RESULTS: A total of 1,270 children were included. The MIH prevalence was 12.8% without association with gender (p = 0.609). Prevalence was higher among schoolchildren ages 8 and 9 (p = 0.002), and in lower SES (p = 0.007). MIH mild cases were the most prevalent (63%), and severity was not related to gender (p = 0.656), age (p = 0.060), or SES (p = 0.174). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MIH in the province of Santiago, Chile is 12.8% and was found to have a higher incidence in 8-9-year-old students and among those categorized by low SES. Furthermore, MIH prevalence was associated with low SES. IMPLICATIONS: Public health policies to address MIH in Chile should start with schoolchildren aged 8 to 9, and with low SES.

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Aims: In this study, we evaluated the association of sociodemographic, lifestyle and cardiometabolic factors with blood glucose levels in children and adolescents in Mexico. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study of 642 children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years from different educational centers located in municipalities of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, was carried out. Pearson χ2 and Spearman correlation tests and multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations of the variables with glycemia. Results: The prevalence of prediabetes was 8.0% in both sexes. Male participants were more likely to develop hyperglycemia than female participants (OR 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-5.0). The variables associated with glucose levels were male sex, high socioeconomic status, inadequate diet, high blood pressure, and increased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, which also explained up to 15.6% (p < 0.05) of the variability in glucose concentrations. Conclusion: The detection of sociodemographic, lifestyle and cardiometabolic factors in children and adolescents will contribute to the implementation of prevention strategies for cardiometabolic diseases, among which prediabetes is common.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assessed in sediments (n = 7) collected from the mouth of the Balsas River, Pacific Coast, Mexico. The total PAH levels ranged between 142.1 and 3944.07 µg kg-1 in the summer and 137.65-3967.38 µg kg-1 in the winter, probably reflecting the anthropogenic activities of the region. Calculation of the four analytical ratios of [Anthracene/(Anthracene + Phenanthrene)]: [Fluoranthene/(Fluoranthene + Pyrene)], [Fluoranthene/Pyrene: Fluoranthene/(Fluoranthene + Pyrene)], [Indeno [123-cd]Pyrene/(Indeno [123-cd]Pyrene + Benzo [ghi]Perylene)]: [Benzo [a]anthracene/(Benzo [a]Anthracene + Chrysene)], and [Anthracene/Phenanthrene]: [Fluoranthene/(Fluoranthene + Pyrene)] revealed a mixed PAH source, from petroleum and biomass combustion. Significant statistical correlations (r2 = 0.90) between the 4 and 5 ringed PAHs denote that adsorption is the principal mechanism for accumulation in sedimentary archives. Ecotoxicological indices (Mean Effect Range Medium Quotient and Mean Probable Effect Level Quotient) indicated moderate pollution with adverse biological impacts on ambient benthonic organisms. The calculations of Toxicity Equivalent Quotient and Mutagen Equivalent Quotient values proposed that the region is highly polluted by mutagenic and carcinogenic PAH compounds. The genotoxic evaluation of Lutjanus guttatus (Spotted rose snapper) presented significant DNA damage and discrepancies in Ethoxyresorufin-O-Deethylase activity. Based on the toxicological and genotoxicological evaluation of PAHs in sediments, the region was observed to be largely impacted from biological damage.

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La neumonía organizada es una entidad poco frecuente, caracterizada por la formación de conglomerados fibroblásticos intraalveolares conocidos como cuerpos de Masson, que puede ser criptogénica o secundaria a una respuesta inmunitaria a diversos estímulos, tales como enfermedades hematológicas, autoinmunitarias, exposición a sustancias químicas, fármacos, tóxicos, etc. Detectada y tratada de forma precoz, suele tener una buena respuesta a la corticoterapia, aunque si se diagnostica de forma tardía, la afectación pulmonar puede ser extensa, y, además, si el estímulo antigénico persiste, la respuesta al tratamiento será incompleta. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 65 años de edad quien hace 18 meses aproximadamente presentó la rotura intracapsular de sus implantes mamarios, 27 años después de su colocación. Con el mismo tiempo de evolución ha desarrollado progresivamente disnea, tos seca y dolor inframamario, habiendo llegado al diagnóstico de neumonía organizada bilateral difusa, asociada a dicha rotura de implantes.

Organizing pneumonia is a rare entity, characterized by the formation of intraalveolar fibroblastic conglomerates known as Masson bodies, which may be cryptogenic or secondary to an immune response to various stimuli, such as hematological, autoimmune diseases, exposure to chemical substances, drugs, toxics, etc. If it is detected and treated early, it usually has a good response to corticosteroid therapy, although if it is diagnosed late, the lung involvement can be extensive, and furthermore, if the antigenic stimulus persists, the response to treatment will be incomplete. We present the clinical case of a 65-year-old patient who had intracapsular rupture of her breast implants approximately 18 months ago, 27 years after their placement. With the same evolution time, she progressively developed dyspnea, dry cough and under mammary pain, having reached the diagnosis of diffuse bilateral organizing pneumonia, associated with implant rupture.

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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Uric acid (UA) is a product of the catabolism of purines, and its increase in blood may be related to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Whether UA is the result or causal determinant of the appearance of risk factors for cardiometabolic disease is not yet known. UA levels among the young student population in San Luis Potosi have increased in recent years, which may be indicative of a serious future public health concern. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of sociodemographic, lifestyle and cardiometabolic determinants with UA levels in children and adolescents in San Luis Potosí. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 730 students (54.1% female and 45.9% male, 6-19 years old) participated in the study. The subjects attended one of five public schools located in San Luis Potosí. Venous blood samples were collected, blood serum was separated by centrifugation, and UA concentrations were measured with an automated analytical platform. UA was associated with most of the independent variables studied. It presented a positive correlation with body mass index (r = 0.363, p < 0.01). Male sex, socioeconomic status, total screen time, exercise, adequate sleep, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol explained 23%-39% (p < 0.001) of the variability of plasma concentrations of UA in children and adolescents. CONCLUSION: Early detection of these determinants will prevent future diseases. Moreover, it will help with the implementation of preventive strategies that could improve the health of this population.

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The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were measured in muscle tissue of Coryphaena hippurus captured in the southern Gulf of California to determine inter-annual variations and their relation with environmental parameters for the period 2006-2015; additionally, health risk to consumers was assessed according to levels of studied elements and rate of fish consumption in northwest Mexico. During 2014 and 2015 the levels of As, Cd, Cu, and Zn were significantly lower than the rest of the years; in the case of As, it was also significantly lower in 2010. Oceanic Niño Index was negatively correlated with Zn concentrations in fish, while sea surface temperature was negatively correlated with Zn, Pb and Cd concentrations in dolphinfish. The simultaneous occurrence of the analyzed elements in muscle of dolphinfish indicated that health effects on consumers are not likely to occur; nevertheless, fishermen with elevated fish consumption might be at risk.

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Introducción: el modelo campo de salud se agrupa en cuatro segmentos; biología humana [BH], medio ambiente [MA], Estilos de vida [EV] y servicios de salud [SS] descrito por primera vez por Mack Lalonde, es un instrumento para un análisis integral de la hipertensión arterial [HTA]. Objetivo: analizar las divisiones del campo de salud y su asociación con la HTA en estudiantes universitarios. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio no experimental, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo; muestra por conveniencia de 200 estudiantes universitarios. Se utilizó cuestionario Simão (2005) y medidas antropométricas y medición de la presión arterial [PA]. Estadística descriptiva y no paramétrica x2 y U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: la división del campo de salud con mayor prevalencia fueron los SS (62%). Hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa en presión arterial sistólica [PAS] con la BH (x2=9.53, gl=2, p=.009) y MA (x2=6.79, gl=2, p=.034) y en presión arterial diastólica [PAD] con BH (x2=6.13, gl=2, p=.047) y MA (x2=6.79, gl=2, p=.05). Conclusiones: el modelo de Lalonde permite valorar los factores causales y la prevalencia de la HTA en estudiantes universitarios.

Introduction: the health field model is grouped into four segments: human biology [HB], environment [E], lifestyles [LS] and health services [HS]. First described by Mack Lalonde, is an instrument for a comprehensive analysis of arterial hypertension [HBP]. Objective: analyze the divisions of the health field and its association with the HBP in university students. Material and methods: this is a non experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study; convenience sample of 200 college students. A Simão questionnaire (2005), anthropometric measurements and measurement of blood pressure [BP] were used. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics x2 and Mann Whitney's U. Results: the division of the health field with the highest prevalence was the HS (62%). There was a statistically significant association in systolic blood pressure [SBP] with HB (x2=9.53, gl=2, p=.009) and E (x2=6.79, gl=2, p=.034) and in diastolic blood pressure [DBP] with HB (x2=6.13, gl=2, p=.047) and E (x2=6.79, gl=2).05. Conclusion: Lalonde model allows us to assess the causal factors and the prevalence of hypertension in university students.

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Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN : La radiación ultravioleta solar puede resultar perjudicial para la salud y provocar desde quemaduras hasta enfermedades como el cáncer, por ello, el cuidado frente a la alta radiación solar es importante. OBJETIVOS : El objetivo general del presente estudio fue determinar si existe asociación entre los conocimientos y las prácticas sobre foto protecciónen los bañistas peruanos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS : Se realizó un estudio trasversal analítico con 380 bañistas peruanos en ocho playas de Lima. Los participantes respondieron un cuestionario donde se recopiló información de los conocimientos y las prácticas de foto protección. Los conocimientos se categorizaron en altos y bajos, y las prácticas en adecuadas e inadecuadas. Para el análisis se empleó la prueba de Chi cuadrado de Pearson y el modelo de regresión de Poisson ajustado por la edad, sexo, nivel educativo y estado civil. RESULTADOS : Se encontró que la práctica de protección adecuada más frecuente fue el uso de foto protector(63%) y la menos frecuente fue el uso adecuado de manga larga y pantalón largo (9,7%). También se evidenció una relación entre los conocimientos altos y tres prácticas fundamentales: uso de foto protector, sombrilla y lentes de sol. CONCLUSIONES : En la muestra de bañistas peruanos, los participantes reportaronde manera general prácticas de foto proteccióndeficientes; además, el poseer conocimientos acerca de la protección solar no aseguró una práctica adecuada de todas las medidas de foto protección.

Abstract INTRODUCTION : Ultraviolet rays can have damaging health effects and cause from sunburn all the way up to diseases such as cancer. Thus, precautionary measures against intense solar radiation are important. OBJECTIVES: The overall objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between photoprotection knowledge and practices in Peruvianbeach-goers. MATERIALS AND METHODS : An analytical cross-sectional study comparing survey and observational data obtained from 380 Peruvians at eight beaches in Lima was conducted. The participants answered a questionnaire where knowledge was categorized into high and low, and reported practices were dichotomized as appropriate and inappropriate. For variable analysis, Chi square test of Pearson and Poisson regression model adjusted for age, sex, education level and marital status were used. RESULTS : It was found that the most common reported appropriate practice of photoprotection was the use of sunscreen (63%) and the least frequent was the appropriate use of a long sleeve t-shirt and long pants (9.7%). It was also evident that there is a significant relationship between high knowledge and three core practices, including use of sunscreen, beach umbrellas and sunglasses. CONCLUSIONS : In this sample of Peruvian beach-goers, participants generally reported poor photoprotection practices; furthermore, knowledge about sun protection did not assure the practice of all photoprotection measures.