RESUMO
Madariaga virus (MADV) has recently been associated with severe human disease in Panama, where the closely related Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) also circulates. In June 2017, a fatal MADV infection was confirmed in a community of Darien Province. We conducted a cross-sectional outbreak investigation with human and mosquito collections in July 2017, where sera were tested for alphavirus antibodies and viral RNA. In addition, by applying a catalytic, force-of-infection (FOI) statistical model to two serosurveys from Darien Province in 2012 and 2017, we investigated whether endemic or epidemic alphavirus transmission occurred historically. In 2017, MADV and VEEV IgM seroprevalences were 1.6% and 4.4%, respectively; IgG antibody prevalences were MADV: 13.2%, VEEV: 16.8%, Una virus (UNAV): 16.0%, and Mayaro virus: 1.1%. Active viral circulation was not detected. Evidence of MADV and UNAV infection was found near households, raising questions about its vectors and enzootic transmission cycles. Insomnia was associated with MADV and VEEV infections, depression symptoms were associated with MADV, and dizziness with VEEV and UNAV. Force-of-infection analyses suggest endemic alphavirus transmission historically, with recent increased human exposure to MADV and VEEV in Aruza and Mercadeo, respectively. The lack of additional neurological cases suggests that severe MADV and VEEV infections occur only rarely. Our results indicate that over the past five decades, alphavirus infections have occurred at low levels in eastern Panama, but that MADV and VEEV infections have recently increased-potentially during the past decade. Endemic infections and outbreaks of MADV and VEEV appear to differ spatially in some locations of eastern Panama.
Assuntos
Encefalomielite Equina do Leste/epidemiologia , Encefalomielite Equina Venezuelana/epidemiologia , Fazendeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alphavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Alphavirus/fisiopatologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologia , Febre de Chikungunya/imunologia , Febre de Chikungunya/fisiopatologia , Vírus Chikungunya/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Tontura/fisiopatologia , Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Leste/imunologia , Vírus da Encefalite Equina Venezuelana/imunologia , Encefalomielite Equina do Leste/imunologia , Encefalomielite Equina do Leste/fisiopatologia , Encefalomielite Equina Venezuelana/imunologia , Encefalomielite Equina Venezuelana/fisiopatologia , Doenças Endêmicas , Epidemias , Fadiga/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Habitação/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina M , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mosquitos Vetores/virologia , Panamá/epidemiologia , Vírus da Floresta de Semliki/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Despite the importance of Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes in the transmission of yellow fever virus (YFV) and the public health impacts of recent YFV epidemics in the Americas, relatively little has been reported on the biology and ecology of these vectors. Many Aedes, Haemagogus and Sabethes spp. in the American tropics inhabit and develop in the forest canopy and are difficult to sample with conventional entomological surveillance methods. We tested the utility of two previously developed phytotelmata-style oviposition traps (bamboo Guadua angustifolia) and (monkey-pot Lecythis minor), for collecting immature forms of these mosquitoes in a forest near the community of Aruza Abajo, Darién Province, Panama. Our results showed distribution of mosquito species emerging from the two types of traps was found to be significantly different (X2 = 210.23; df = 14; P < 0.001), with significantly greater numbers of Sabethes (Peytonulus) aurescens (Lutz) and Sabethes (Peytonulus) undosus (Coquillett) emerging from the bamboo traps. More females of Sabethes (Sabethes) cyaneus (Fabricius) were captured in the monkey-pot traps, although the difference was not significant. No differences were observed in the average time to emergence for the two traps. These results suggest that various phytotelmata-style traps, including monkey-pot and bamboo, could be used to improve entomological surveillance of YFV vectors in the American tropic.
Assuntos
Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Mosquitos Vetores , Febre Amarela/transmissão , Aedes/fisiologia , Aedes/virologia , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Mosquitos Vetores/virologia , SasaRESUMO
Resumen La calcifilaxis es una de las complicaciones menos comunes de la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada, sobretodo en terapia de sustitución renal, se desconoce la fisiopatología exacta de aparición, pero se cree, que es por una alteración en el metabolismo óseo-mineral. Se describe un caso clínico, de un paciente con enfermedad renal crónica, que presentó como complicación grave calcifilaxis, llegando a dicho diagnóstico gracias a las imágenes características de dicha patología tomadas del banco del servicio de imagenología del hospital. En conclusión, la calcifilaxis, a pesar de ser una patología difícil de encontrar en la actualidad, debido al mejor control del metabolismo óseo-mineral, se debe considerar en aquellos pacientes con progresión rápida de la enfermedad renal y con presencia de lesiones calcificadas supurativas en extremidades.
Abstract Calciphylaxis is one of the less common complications of Chronic Advanced Kidney Disease, especially in renal replacement therapy, the exact pathophysiology of its appearance is unknown, but it is believed that it is due to an alteration in bone-mineral metabolism. We describe a clinical case of a patient with chronic kidney disease, who presented as a serious complication calciphylaxis, reaching this diagnosis thanks to the characteristic images of this pathology taken from the bank of the Hospital's imaging service. In conclusion, calciphylaxis, despite being a pathology difficult to find nowadays due to better control of bone-mineral metabolism, should be considered especially in those patients with rapid progression of renal disease and presence of suppurative calcified lesions in extremities.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Calciofilaxia , Terapia de Substituição Renal , Distúrbio Mineral e Ósseo na Doença Renal Crônica , Equador , Insuficiência Renal CrônicaRESUMO
Introducción. La biopsia renal es un procedimiento que ha contribuido al conocimiento de las enfermedades renales desde el año 1950. En el caso de los injertos renales es un método diagnóstico para la valuación, tratamiento y seguimiento clínico del trasplante renal. Las complicaciones se han reducido hasta en un 95% con el uso de ultrasonido en tiempo real y agujas de biopsia automáticas. Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven, de 29 años de edad, que luego de la biopsia desarrolló, como complicación, una fistula arteriovenosa de alto flujo que se resolvió con embolización selectiva. Resultados. La embolización selectiva mejora la función del injerto. Discusión. Las complicaciones más frecuentes son: hematoma perirenal, hematuria macroscópica, fistula arteriovenosa, pseudoaneurisma, obstrucción uretral, hemorragia activa. La fistula arteriovenosa es producida por traumatismo simultáneo sobre la pared de arterias y venas contiguas, dando lugar a una comunicación entre estos vasos. En el Hospital de las Fuerzas Armadas N°1 las indicaciones de biopsia en injertos renales son: biopsias por protocolo, evaluación del estado del injerto, disfunción del injerto en busca de rechazo de tipo humoral, celular y para investigar toxicidad por anticalneurínicos. Conclusiones. La embolización renal selectiva es una técnica poco invasiva y es una alternativa para el tratamiento de la fistula arteriocalicial, evitando de esta manera la nefrectomía del injerto renal.
Introduction. Renal biopsy is a procedure that contributed to the knowledge of kidney disease since 1950. Kidney biopsy is also a diagnostic tool to evaluate renal transplantation and clinical monitoring, as well as, to choose the best treatment. Complications in Renal biopsy were reduced as much as 95% with the use of ultrasound and automatic biopsy needles. Clinical case. We present the case of a young patient, 29 years old, who developed a high flow arteriovenous fistula post renal biopsy, successfully treated by a selective arterial embolization. Discussion. The most frequent complication of kidney biopsies are: perirenal hematoma, macroscopic hematuria, arteriovenous fistula, pseudoaneurysm, urethral obstruction and active hemorr and veins, creating a communication between both vessels. In Hospital de las Fuerzas Armadas N°1, kidney biopsy indications in kidney grafts are: protocol biopsies, kidney grafts evaluation to find graft dysfunction due to humoral or celular rejection and to investigate anticalcineurinic toxicity. Conclusion. Selective renal embolization is a minimally invasive technique and is an alternative for the treatment of the arteriocalicial fistula, thus avoiding nephrectomy of the renal graft.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Fístula Arteriovenosa , Transplante de Rim , Embolização Terapêutica , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , BiópsiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Proteins are the key elements on the path from genetic information to the development of life. The roles played by the different proteins are difficult to uncover experimentally as this process involves complex procedures such as genetic modifications, injection of fluorescent proteins, gene knock-out methods and others. The knowledge learned from each protein is usually annotated in databases through different methods such as the proposed by The Gene Ontology (GO) consortium. Different methods have been proposed in order to predict GO terms from primary structure information, but very few are available for large-scale functional annotation of plants, and reported success rates are much less than the reported by other non-plant predictors. This paper explores the predictability of GO annotations on proteins belonging to the Embryophyta group from a set of features extracted solely from their primary amino acid sequence. RESULTS: High predictability of several GO terms was found for Molecular Function and Cellular Component. As expected, a lower degree of predictability was found on Biological Process ontology annotations, although a few biological processes were easily predicted. Proteins related to transport and transcription were particularly well predicted from primary structure information. The most discriminant features for prediction were those related to electric charges of the amino-acid sequence and hydropathicity derived features. CONCLUSIONS: An analysis of GO-slim terms predictability in plants was carried out, in order to determine single categories or groups of functions that are most related with primary structure information. For each highly predictable GO term, the responsible features of such successfulness were identified and discussed. In addition to most published studies, focused on few categories or single ontologies, results in this paper comprise a complete landscape of GO predictability from primary structure encompassing 75 GO terms at molecular, cellular and phenotypical level. Thus, it provides a valuable guide for researchers interested on further advances in protein function prediction on Embryophyta plants.
Assuntos
Embriófitas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Vocabulário Controlado , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Bases de Dados de Proteínas , Genes de Plantas , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/classificação , Proteínas de Plantas/fisiologiaRESUMO
Learning from imbalanced data sets presents an important challenge to the machine learning community. Traditional classification methods, seeking to minimize the overall error rate of the whole training set, do not perform well on imbalanced data since they assume a relatively balanced class distribution and put too much strength on the majority class. This is a common scenario when predicting sub-cellular locations of proteins since proteins belonging to certain specific locations are naturally more abundant or have been more extensively studied. In this work, a new method to learn from imbalanced data, called SwarmBoost, is proposed in order to reduce overlapping and noise of imbalanced datasets and improve prediction performances. The method combines oversampling, subsampling based on particle swarm optimization and ensemble methods. Our results show that SwarmBoost equals and in several cases outperforms other common boosting algorithms like DataBoost-Im and AdaBoost, constituting a useful tool for improving sub-cellular location predictions.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Proteínas/metabolismo , Frações Subcelulares/metabolismoRESUMO
El presente trabajo identifica las modificaciones en la calidad de vida de pacientes con dolor osteomuscular posterior al tratamiento con terapia neural. Se realizó en el municipio de Miraflores Boyacá con una muestra de 64 pacientes, 67.2% mujeres y 32.8% hombres, quienes asistieron a consulta externa. El rango de edad está entre los 22 y hasta los 82 años con un promedio de 58.3 años; y siendo los diagnósticos más frecuentes Osteoartritis y Lumbalgia. A cada paciente se le aplicó el cuestionario sobre calidad de vida SF-36 antes y después del tratamiento, el cual se realizó con un mínimo de 2 consultas y máximo 5, en promedio se aplicó cada 1.44 semanas, con un mínimo de 1 y máximo 4 semanas. En general se encontró una mejoría significativa de la puntuación en la subescalas de: actividades físicas, desempeño físico y salud general. Es decir, en tres de las categorías evaluadas por la escala de calidad de vida SF- 36 Se concluye que el uso de la terapia neural en el manejo del dolor musculoesquelético puede recomendarse pero es necesario desarrollar otros estudios del tipo ensayo clínico controlado ya que la no aleatorización del estudio lo hace susceptible a errores.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Qualidade de Vida , Terapias Complementares , Dor Musculoesquelética/terapia , Osteoartrite , Dor LombarRESUMO
La circuncisión es la intervención quirúrgica más antigua conocida por el hombre; su técnica libera tejido prepucial cicatrizal fibroso que disminuye la abertura prepucial y exposición normal del glande, patología conocida como fimosis. Tanto el prepucio como el glande conservan un epitelio común que se separa y queratiniza gradualmente, fénomeno que concluye normalmente al final de la gestación y en la adolescencia, hecho que logra completarse en el 4 por ciento de recién nacidos. El 90 por ciento de niños presentan adherencias del prepucio que generalmente desaparecen antes de los 17 años y tan sólo el 2-5 por ciento de los niños presentan una fimosis verdadera y requieren de circuncisión...
Assuntos
Circuncisão Masculina , Fimose/diagnóstico , Fimose/prevenção & controle , Fimose/terapiaRESUMO
En el municipio de Samaniego, ubicado en la zona andina del departamento de Nariño, se dectectaron 14 casos de leishmaniasis cutánea entre 1992 y 1995, presnetándose 13 de ellos (93 por ciento) en niños menores de 13 años. En todos, las lesiones se localizaron en la cara. En tres de los casos se pudieron tipificar las cepas, correspondiendo a L. mexicana, resultado que coincide con la tipificación del primer paciente encontrado en Samaniego en 1984 y primer caso de leishmaniasis cutánea anérgica difusa informado en Colombia. Paralelamente, se identificaron las especies de flebotomíneos recolectados en la zona, correspondiendo todos a Lutzomya columbiana (grupo verrucarum), hallazgo que concuerda con varios informes anteriores de la misma region desde 1940, cuando se buscaba el vector de la epidemia de bartonelosis en esta zona nariñense, hasta 1984 cuando el INS realizó muestreos a raíz del mencionado caso de leishmaniasis difusa encontrado por nosotros en ese municipio. Aunque no se logró demostrar infección natural en los 400 flebotomíneos capturados, sí se consiguió infectar algunos especímenes de Lutzomya columbiana, expuestos a hámsteres inoculados con la cepa de L. mexicana aislada de un paciente incluído en el estudio. Por este hallazgo y por la evidencia epidemiológica, se incrimina a Lutzomya columbiana como posible trasmisor de L. mexicana, vector que hasta la fecha no había sido involucrado en la trasmisión de leishmania. Todos los pacientes estudiados respondieron al tratamiento convencional con glucantime
Assuntos
Criança , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se hace una revisión de literatura en la que se mencionan las principales lesiones producidas por trauma eléctrico, sus grupos de riesgo, su anatomía patológica, factores que inciden sobre la gravedad de la injuria eléctrica, sus principales manifestaciones clínicas, el reconocimiento y manejo que debe hacerse ante esta situación emergente.