RESUMO
A 51-year-old man was referred for refractive surgery evaluation. Spectacle dependence and poor visual quality in both eyes was his chief complaint. He cannot tolerate contact lenses. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 in both eyes. Manifest refraction was +5.25 -2.25 @ 90 (20/40) in the right eye and +6.25 -2.25 @ 105 (20/40) in the left eye. The patient had a history of radial keratotomy (RK) almost 30 years ago in both eyes and at the slitlamp presented 8 RK incisions, proportionally spaced between one another. All incisions were closed, and there were no relevant signs of scarring. The patient denied any history of ocular trauma, systemic disease, or medications. Corneal topography with different technologies revealed an irregular pattern with marked central flattening in both eyes, with some points below 30 diopters (D) (Supplemental Figures 1 and 2, available at http://links.lww.com/JRS/A862 and http://links.lww.com/JRS/A863, respectively). There were no signs of cataract, and fundus examination was normal. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the right eye revealed a more homogeneous thickness pattern, little variation between the thinnest and thickest areas, and adequate transparency (Figure 1JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202306000-00018/figure1/v/2023-05-31T172126Z/r/image-tiff). In the left eye, there is wide variability between the thinnest and thickest stromal points, with annular thinning and central thickening (Figure 2JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202306000-00018/figure2/v/2023-05-31T172126Z/r/image-tiff). Both eyes show marked epithelial irregularity. Considering this patient's current ocular status, how would you reach visual rehabilitation? Because he is contact lens intolerant, would you consider surface ablation, for example, photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mitomycin-C (MMC)? If that were the case, would you think of an optimized or a topography-guided (TG) treatment? Would you immediately consider a corneal transplant option? Would you instead consider a more conservative approach? Which one and why?
Assuntos
Anormalidades do Olho , Hiperopia , Ceratotomia Radial , Ceratectomia Fotorrefrativa , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ceratotomia Radial/efeitos adversos , Hiperopia/cirurgia , Hiperopia/etiologia , Lasers de Excimer/uso terapêutico , Ceratectomia Fotorrefrativa/métodos , Anormalidades do Olho/cirurgia , Córnea/cirurgia , Refração OcularRESUMO
Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is an approach used to increase the biomechanical stability of the stromal tissue. Over the past 10 years, it has been used to halt the progression of ectatic diseases. According to the photochemical law of reciprocity, the same photochemical effect is achieved with reduced illumination time and correspondingly increased irradiation intensity. Several new CXL devices offer high ultraviolet-A irradiation intensity with different time settings. The main purpose of this review was to discuss the current use of different protocols of accelerated CXL and compare the efficacy and safety of accelerated CXL with the efficacy and safety of the established conventional method. Accelerated CXL proved to be safe and effective in halting progression of corneal ectasia. Corneal shape responses varied considerably, as did the demarcation line at different irradiance settings; the shorter the exposure time, the more superficial the demarcation line. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Dr. Santhiago is a consultant to Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG and Alcon Laboratories, Inc. None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Assuntos
Colágeno/química , Substância Própria , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas , Humanos , Ceratocone/terapia , Riboflavina , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate potential differences in predictability, efficacy, and safety of corneal excimer laser to correct residual myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism in eyes previously implanted with multifocal intraocular lenses using distinct optical surfaces and platforms for multifocality. METHODS: This prospective comparative study included 37 eyes submitted to laser in situ keratomileusis correction for residual errors after implantation of either an apodized diffractive-refractive (Restor) or a full-diffractive (Tecnis) multifocal intraocular lens. Data analysis included investigation of predictability, efficacy, and safety of excimer laser surgery to correct residual errors. A double-angle plot, using vector analysis, was also created to evaluate predictability of astigmatism correction. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up, statistical analyses revealed a significant improvement when comparing preoperative (0.51 ± 0.25 and 0.44 ± 0.18) and postoperative values (0.17 ± 0.10 and 0.09 ± 0.07) of uncorrected distance visual acuity (P < 0.0001 and <0.0001), preoperative (0.92 ± 0.61 and 1.02 ± 0.45) and postoperative values (0.33 ± 0.23 and 0.19 ± 0.17) of manifest refractive spherical equivalent (P = 0.0006 and <0.0001), and preoperative (-1.08 ± 0.70 and -0.65 ± 0.42) and postoperative values (-0.25 ± 0.28 and -0.14 ± 0.21) of astigmatism (P < 0.0001 and <0.0001) in eyes implanted with Restor and Tecnis, respectively. Vector analysis revealed a predictable correction of astigmatism in all groups. Ninety-two percent of total eyes achieved a manifest refractive spherical equivalent within ±0.5 of emmetropia. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal excimer laser refractive surgery seems to be equally effective to correct different residual errors, including astigmatism, in eyes implanted with intraocular lenses with various platforms for multifocality.
Assuntos
Astigmatismo/cirurgia , Hiperopia/cirurgia , Ceratomileuse Assistida por Excimer Laser In Situ/métodos , Lasers de Excimer/uso terapêutico , Lentes Intraoculares , Miopia/cirurgia , Facoemulsificação , Astigmatismo/diagnóstico , Astigmatismo/fisiopatologia , Topografia da Córnea , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperopia/diagnóstico , Hiperopia/fisiopatologia , Implante de Lente Intraocular , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miopia/diagnóstico , Miopia/fisiopatologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Desenho de Prótese , Pseudofacia/fisiopatologia , Refração Ocular/fisiologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To report intraoperative and 1-year postoperative results of the pachy-bubble technique for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). METHODS: This prospective interventional case series included 110 eyes of 107 patients with anterior corneal pathology who underwent DALK, including 78 with keratoconus. Outcome measures included the rate of bubble formation, rate of completing DALK, bubble types, complications, and visual and keratometric parameters. RESULTS: Intrastromal air injection was attempted in 109 eyes, and the air bubble was achieved in 93 eyes (85.3%). Intrastromal 2% methylcellulose injection was attempted in 9 eyes, after unsuccessful air bubble formation, and the viscobubble was achieved in 7 eyes (77.8%). Manual layer-by-layer dissection was performed in 8 eyes. Bubble formation was reached in 100 eyes (90.9%). Overall, 105 eyes (95.5%) achieved DALK. Air bubble occurred as type 1 (white margin) in 96.6% of the cases and as type 2 (clear margin) in 3.4%. There was a statistically significant improvement in all visual and keratometric parameters analyzed. Macroperforations converted to penetrating keratoplasty occurred in 5 eyes (4.5%) and microperforations in 12 (10.9%). There were significantly higher rates of perforation when a bubble was not achieved (P = 0.018) and when it was achieved as type 2 (P = 0.033). Interface haze occurred in 5 eyes (4.5%) and stromal rejection in 11 (10.0%). A short learning curve was observed for air bubble formation. CONCLUSIONS: Bubble formation, especially type 1, is the key to decrease the risk of perforation in DALK. The pachy-bubble was safe, effective, and reproducible in promoting DALK with air bubble and viscobubble formation with a short learning curve.
Assuntos
Ar , Paquimetria Corneana , Substância Própria/cirurgia , Transplante de Córnea/métodos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs/cirurgia , Humanos , Injeções Intraoculares , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Ceratocone/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Viscossuplementos/uso terapêutico , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim was to report the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOA), the topographic metrics, and the visual and refractive outcomes 2 years after performing collagen crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus. The correlation among corneal HOAs, topographic metrics, and visual acuity changes was also investigated. METHODS: This is a prospective case series involving 42 eyes from 32 patients with progressive keratoconus treated with CXL. The main outcomes measured at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive changes, topographic data, and corneal aberrations. RESULTS: Two years after CXL treatment, the UDVA (P < 0.001), CDVA (P < 0.001), and spherical equivalent (P = 0.048) improved significantly. The corneal topographic data revealed significant decreases in apical keratometry (P < 0.001), differential keratometry (P = 0.031), and central keratometry (P = 0.003) compared with the baseline measurements. Aberration analyses revealed a significant reduction in coma (P = 0.016), trefoil (P = 0.018), secondary astigmatism (P < 0.001), quatrefoil (P = 0.031), secondary coma (P < 0.001), and secondary trefoil (P = 0.001). Corneal HOA (except quatrefoil) demonstrated a significant correlation with postoperative CDVA; the highest correlations were for coma (rho = 0.703, P < 0.001), secondary astigmatism (rho = 0.519, P = 0.001), and total HOA (rho = 0.487, P = 0.001). However, the corneal HOA changes were not statistically associated with improved visual acuity. After treatment, the reduction in apical keratometry was the only variable that correlated with the improvement in the CDVA (rho = 0.319, P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: After 2 years, CXL was found to be effective in improving the UDVA, CDVA, topographic metrics, and most corneal HOAs in eyes with progressive keratoconus. A significant reduction was observed in apical keratometry, and this reduction directly correlated with an improvement in visual acuity.
Assuntos
Colágeno/metabolismo , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/uso terapêutico , Ceratocone/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Topografia da Córnea , Aberrações de Frente de Onda da Córnea/tratamento farmacológico , Aberrações de Frente de Onda da Córnea/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Ceratocone/patologia , Ceratocone/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Refração Ocular/fisiologia , Riboflavina/uso terapêutico , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To present a case of corneal ectasia after LASIK in a patient with previous arcuate keratotomy. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: The patient underwent arcuate keratotomy in both eyes in 1997 for with-the-rule regular hyperopic astigmatism and uneventful bilateral LASIK for residual astigmatism 5 years later. Visual acuity and refraction remained stable for 5 years, when the patient noticed worsening visual acuity. Corneal topography showed progressive inferior steepening, confirming the diagnosis of ectasia. Corneal high-resolution optical coherence tomography revealed a normal LASIK flap. The patient had no risk factors for corneal ectasia other than previous incisional surgery. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that isolated arcuate keratotomy can be a significant risk factor for the development of corneal ectasia after LASIK.
Assuntos
Astigmatismo/cirurgia , Córnea/patologia , Hiperopia/cirurgia , Ceratomileuse Assistida por Excimer Laser In Situ/efeitos adversos , Ceratotomia Radial/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Astigmatismo/complicações , Topografia da Córnea , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dilatação Patológica/diagnóstico , Dilatação Patológica/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperopia/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Refração Ocular , Reoperação , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the postoperative pain after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL). METHODS: : This prospective study included 178 consecutive eyes of 135 patients with progressive keratoconus who underwent CXL at Sadalla Amin Ghanem Eye Hospital, Joinville, Brazil. Pain was assessed postoperatively using the need for analgesia with 30 mg of codeine (Tylex) and by the patients' subjective evaluation on the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale at the end of each day until postoperative day (PO) 5. Correlation of postoperative pain with maximum keratometric reading and central corneal thickness, which were assessed preoperatively, was investigated. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 23.38 ± 5.86 years. Mean (±SD) patient-scored pain decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 2.78 (±1.68) on the day of surgery (immediate postoperative period, iPO) to 0.12 (±0.46) on PO5. The mean number of codeine pills was 0.94, 0.72, and 0.28 at iPO, PO1, and PO2, respectively, showing a significant decrease at each time point. Statistical analysis showed significant (P < 0.05) correlation between age and pain at PO3 and PO4 (the younger the patients the greater the pain) and between age and the number of codeine pills on iPO. There was no significant correlation between mean overall pain and preoperative apical keratometry (P = 0.546) and pachymetry (P = 0.072) readings. CONCLUSIONS: CXL postoperative pain can be intense, especially in the first 3 days, even with an aggressive pain control regimen; however, pain and the need for analgesia decreased significantly on each consecutive day. Pain was significantly correlated with the patient's age.
Assuntos
Colágeno/metabolismo , Substância Própria/metabolismo , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/uso terapêutico , Dor Ocular/etiologia , Ceratocone/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória , Fotoquimioterapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Codeína/uso terapêutico , Dor Ocular/diagnóstico , Dor Ocular/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Ceratocone/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição da Dor , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Riboflavina/uso terapêutico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Raios Ultravioleta , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Purpose. To report two unusual cases of idiopathic lipid keratopathy with symmetrical bilateral annular corneal lipid infiltration and describe confocal microscopy findings. Methods. Case reports. Results. We report two patients with bilateral peripheral deep stromal lipid deposits beginning in an arcuate pattern and progressing to a complete annular shape. Cholesterol crystals were observed in the paracentral area in both cases with characteristic crystalline-like structures in the confocal microscopy. Deep thin corneal blood vessels were observed in one patient, but no cause for then was established, despite decades of followup. This patient had an idiopathic limbitis as well, occurring in episodes. No previous ocular trauma, systemic disease or family history was reported for both cases. Conclusion. These two cases of idiopathic annular lipid keratopathy were observed for more than a decade with documented slow and insidious progression of the infiltrates, in spite of the use of topical steroids in one case. In the majority of other reported cases, a penetrating keratoplasty was made necessary. Differently, we showed that the visual acuity can remain quite good for years with very slow deterioration.