RESUMO

To determine the chemical composition and digestibility of insect meal for poultry made from the larvae of Tenebrio molitor (TL) and nymphs of Gryllus assimilis (GAN) a total excreta collection test was carried out, substituting 20% of the reference diet with each type of meal. The meals presented 6074 and 5975 kcal/Kg of gross energy, with 49.34% and 52.66% protein for TL and GAN respectively. The most nutrient digestibility was less than 65%, except for energy and ether-extract digestibility in the meal from Tenebrio molitor larvae, which were over 70%. The meals under analysis can be used as a source of nutrients in poultry diets.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this study, an important ornamental fish, Betta splendens (Osphronemidae), from three different Brazilian states was examined for parasitic infestations. Smears with parasites were impregnated with silver nitrate or stained using Giemsa for taxonomic evaluation. A disc-shaped trichodinid with a body diameter of 39.7 ± 3.3 µm, adhesive disc diameter of 32.9 ± 3.1 µm and denticulate ring diameter of 19.5 ± 2.0 µm was found. The morphological characteristics resembled those of Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970, a species that shows clear host specificity for Cypriniformes. Until now, its occurrence was restricted to the Eurasian region. In the present study, a new host for T. modesta is reported and therefore the first occurrence of this species in the Americas. The parasite was possibly introduced into the Neotropical region through the exotic fish trade, especially of Cypriniformes used by aquarists. The distribution of this ciliate is discussed and a checklist of localities and hosts for the species is provided.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this study, an important ornamental fish, Betta splendens (Osphronemidae), from three different Brazilian states was examined for parasitic infestations. Smears with parasites were impregnated with silver nitrate or stained using Giemsa for taxonomic evaluation. A disc-shaped trichodinid with a body diameter of 39.7 ± 3.3 µm, adhesive disc diameter of 32.9 ± 3.1 µm and denticulate ring diameter of 19.5 ± 2.0 µm was found. The morphological characteristics resembled those of Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970, a species that shows clear host specificity for Cypriniformes. Until now, its occurrence was restricted to the Eurasian region. In the present study, a new host for T. modesta is reported and therefore the first occurrence of this species in the Americas. The parasite was possibly introduced into the Neotropical region through the exotic fish trade, especially of Cypriniformes used by aquarists. The distribution of this ciliate is discussed and a checklist of localities and hosts for the species is provided.(AU)

Neste estudo, o peixe ornamental Betta splendens (Osphronemidae) foi examinado a partir de três diferentes Estados brasileiros para infestações parasitárias. Esfregaços contendo parasitos foram impregnados com nitrato de prata ou corados com Giemsa para avaliação taxonômica. Foi observado o tricodinídeo em forma de disco com 39,7 ± 3,3 µm de diâmetro do corpo, disco adesivo com 32,9 ± 3,1 µm e anel denticulado 19,5 ± 2,0 µm de diâmetro. As características morfológicas foram semelhantes à Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970, uma espécie que apresenta especificidade de hospedeiro por peixes Cypriniformes com ocorrência na Região Euro-asiática. No presente estudo, um novo hospedeiro para T. modesta é reportado, assim como a primeira ocorrência da espécie na América. O parasito tem sido possivelmente introduzido na região Neotropical com o comércio de peixes exóticos, principalmente Cypriniformes usados por aquariofilistas. A dispersão do ciliado é discutida e um checklist de localidades e hospedeiros apresentado.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this study, an important ornamental fish, Betta splendens (Osphronemidae), from three different Brazilian states was examined for parasitic infestations. Smears with parasites were impregnated with silver nitrate or stained using Giemsa for taxonomic evaluation. A disc-shaped trichodinid with a body diameter of 39.7 ± 3.3 µm, adhesive disc diameter of 32.9 ± 3.1 µm and denticulate ring diameter of 19.5 ± 2.0 µm was found. The morphological characteristics resembled those of Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970, a species that shows clear host specificity for Cypriniformes. Until now, its occurrence was restricted to the Eurasian region. In the present study, a new host for T. modesta is reported and therefore the first occurrence of this species in the Americas. The parasite was possibly introduced into the Neotropical region through the exotic fish trade, especially of Cypriniformes used by aquarists. The distribution of this ciliate is discussed and a checklist of localities and hosts for the species is provided.

Neste estudo, o peixe ornamental Betta splendens (Osphronemidae) foi examinado a partir de três diferentes Estados brasileiros para infestações parasitárias. Esfregaços contendo parasitos foram impregnados com nitrato de prata ou corados com Giemsa para avaliação taxonômica. Foi observado o tricodinídeo em forma de disco com 39,7 ± 3,3 µm de diâmetro do corpo, disco adesivo com 32,9 ± 3,1 µm e anel denticulado 19,5 ± 2,0 µm de diâmetro. As características morfológicas foram semelhantes à Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970, uma espécie que apresenta especificidade de hospedeiro por peixes Cypriniformes com ocorrência na Região Euro-asiática. No presente estudo, um novo hospedeiro para T. modesta é reportado, assim como a primeira ocorrência da espécie na América. O parasito tem sido possivelmente introduzido na região Neotropical com o comércio de peixes exóticos, principalmente Cypriniformes usados por aquariofilistas. A dispersão do ciliado é discutida e um “checklist” de localidades e hospedeiros apresentado.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Betta splendens is a very important ornamental species. The current paper describes the embryonic and larval development of B. splendens under stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs and larvae from natural spawning were collected at different developmental stages at previously established intervals and analysed. The eggs of B. splendens are yellowish, clear, spherical, demersal, translucent and telolecithal with a large amount of yolk. Between 0-2 h post-initial collection (hpIC), the eggs were at the egg cell, first cleavage and morula stages. The blastula stage was identified at 2-3 hpIC and the early gastrula phase was observed at 3-4 hpIC with 20% epiboly, which was finalized after 13-18 hpIC. When the pre-larvae were ready to hatch, the appearance of somites and the free tail were observed, at 23-25 hpIC. At 29 hpIC, the majority of larvae had already hatched at an average temperature of 28.4 ± 0.2°C. The newly hatched larvae measured 2.47 ± 0.044 mm total length. The mouth opened at 23 h post-hatching (hPH) and the yolk sac was totally absorbed at 73 hPH. After 156 hPH, the heart was pumping blood throughout the entire larval body. The caudal fin, operculum and eyes were well developed at 264 hPH. When metamorphosis was complete at 768 hPH, the larvae became juveniles. The current study presents the first results about early development of B. splendens and provides relevant information for its reproduction, rearing and biology.

Assuntos