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Abstract Introduction Musicians have an advantage over non-musicians in detecting, perceiving, and processing nonverbal (i.e., environmental sounds, tones and others) and verbal sounds (i.e., consonant, vowel, phrases and others) as well as instrumental sounds. In contrast to the high skill of musicians, there is another group of people who are tone-deaf and have difficulty in distinguishing musical sounds or singing in tune. These sounds can originate in different ways, such as a musical instrument, orchestra, or the human voice. Objectives The objective of the present work is to study frequency-following responses (FFRs) in individuals who can sing in-tune and those who sing off-tune. Methods Electrophysiological responses were recorded in 37 individuals divided in two groups: (i) control group (CG) with professional musicians, and (ii) experimental group (EG) with non-musicians. Results There was homogeneity between the two groups regarding age and gender. The CG had more homogeneous responses in the latency of the FFRs waves when responses between the right and left ears were compared to those of the EG. Conclusions This study showed that monaural stimulation (right or left) in an FFR test is useful for demonstrating impairment of speech perception in individuals who sing off tune. The response of the left ear appears to present more subtlety and reliability when identifying the coding of speech sound in individuals who sing off tune.

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Introduction Musicians have an advantage over non-musicians in detecting, perceiving, and processing nonverbal (i.e., environmental sounds, tones and others) and verbal sounds (i.e., consonant, vowel, phrases and others) as well as instrumental sounds. In contrast to the high skill of musicians, there is another group of people who are tone-deaf and have difficulty in distinguishing musical sounds or singing in tune. These sounds can originate in different ways, such as a musical instrument, orchestra, or the human voice. Objective The objective of the present work is to study frequency-following responses (FFRs) in individuals who can sing in-tune and those who sing off-tune. Methods Electrophysiological responses were recorded in 37 individuals divided in two groups: (i) control group (CG) with professional musicians, and (ii) experimental group (EG) with non-musicians. Results There was homogeneity between the two groups regarding age and gender. The CG had more homogeneous responses in the latency of the FFRs waves when responses between the right and left ears were compared to those of the EG. Conclusion This study showed that monaural stimulation (right or left) in an FFR test is useful for demonstrating impairment of speech perception in individuals who sing off tune. The response of the left ear appears to present more subtlety and reliability when identifying the coding of speech sound in individuals who sing off tune.

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RESUMO Objetivo descrever quais são as habilidades auditivas do processamento auditivo central mais frequentes, relatadas por um grupo de especialistas para a realização do exame de Comparação de Locutor, tradicionalmente realizado por peritos forenses. Métodos estudo prospectivo, descritivo, com análise quantitativa e qualitativa. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um consenso de especialistas. Participaram da reunião cinco fonoaudiólogos, sendo dois especialistas em audiologia, dois especialistas em voz e uma fonoaudióloga perita. A reunião foi realizada de forma virtual e síncrona, com duração de uma hora e 30 minutos. As tarefas realizadas durante o exame de Comparação de Locutor foram consideradas a partir de um protocolo disponível na literatura. As especialistas em fonoaudiologia receberam explicações a respeito de cada uma das tarefas e foram solicitadas a discutir sobre quais as habilidades do processamento auditivo central estariam envolvidas na execução de cada uma delas. Resultados sete habilidades foram consideradas na reunião dos especialistas como imprescindíveis para as tarefas realizadas no exame de Comparação de Locutor. A ordenação temporal foi a habilidade mais citada, podendo estar presente em seis tarefas, e a tarefa de transcrição do material de fala foi mencionada como sendo a que necessita de mais habilidades do processamento auditivo central. Conclusão Sete habilidades foram consideradas na reunião dos especialistas como imprescindíveis para as tarefas realizadas no exame de Comparação de Locutor. A ordenação temporal foi a habilidade mais citada, podendo estar presente em seis tarefas e a tarefa de transcrição do material de fala foi mencionada como sendo a que necessita de mais habilidades do processamento auditivo central

ABSTRACT Purpose to describe which abilities of central auditory processing are more frequently related for the group of specialists to the performance of the speaker comparison test (CL), traditionally performed by forensic experts. Methods a prospective, descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative analysis and data were obtained through a consensus of experts. Five speech therapists participated in the meeting, two specialists in audiology (EA), two specialists in voice (VS), and an expert speech therapist (FP). The meeting was held virtually and synchronously, lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes. The tasks performed during the Speaker Comparison (LC) exam were considered from a protocol available in the literature. The AEs received explanations about each of the tasks and were asked to discuss which auditory processing skills (ACP) would be involved in the performance of each of them. Results seven PAC skills were considered in the experts' meeting as essential for the tasks performed in the CL exam. Temporal ordering was the most cited skill, being present in six tasks, and the speech material transcription task is the one that requires more skills from the PAC. Conclusion Seven PAC skills were considered in the experts' meeting as essential for the tasks performed in the CL exam. Temporal ordering was the most cited skill, being present in six tasks, and the speech material transcription task is the one that requires more skills from the PAC.

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This text is the continuation of the XVIII SBFa Congress publication. In part "A" we presented the analyses on clinical vocal evaluation. Part "B" focuses on vocal rehabilitation: 4. Traditional techniques of vocal therapy; 5. Modern techniques of electrostimulation and photobiomodulation applied to vocal rehabilitation. The numerous studies on the various programs, methods, and techniques of traditional rehabilitation techniques, and many with high quality of evidence, allow us to consider such procedures relatively well described, safe, and with known effects, accounting for the treatment of various vocal disorders. The scientific evidence with traditional techniques is recognized worldwide. New fronts of evolution, with electrostimulation or photobiomodulation used to handle voice problems, seem to be promising as coadjutant approaches. There are more studies on electrostimulation in vocal rehabilitation than with photobiomodulation; however, scientific evidence for these two modern techniques is still limited. Knowledge and caution are required for the application of either technique.

O presente texto é a continuação da publicação referente ao XVIII Congresso da SBFa. Na parte "A" apresentamos análises sobre avaliação clínica vocal. O foco da parte "B" são aspectos de reabilitação vocal: 4. Técnicas tradicionais de terapia vocal; 5. Técnicas modernas de eletroestimulação e fotobiomodulação aplicadas à reabilitação. Os inúmeros estudos sobre os diversos programas, métodos ou técnicas tradicionais de reabilitação, muitos de elevada qualidade de evidência, permitem considerar tais procedimentos relativamente bem descritos, seguros e com efeitos conhecidos, dando conta do tratamento de diversos distúrbios vocais. As evidências científicas com as técnicas tradicionais são reconhecidas mundialmente. Novas frentes de evolução, como o uso da eletroestimulação ou fotobiomodulação em voz parecem ser promissoras como abordagens coadjuvantes. Há mais estudos sobre eletroestimulação em voz do que com fotobiomodulação, contudo, evidências científicas para essas duas técnicas modernas são ainda limitadas. Conhecimento e cautela são necessários para a aplicação de quaisquer técnicas.

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During the XXVIII Brazilian Congress of SBFa, 24 specialists met and, from a leading position on scientific research as a tool for connecting laboratory and clinic, five fronts of knowledge of the voice specialty were discussed as following: Perceptual-auditory judgment of vocal quality; 2. Acoustic analysis of the vocal signal; 3. Voice self-assessment; 4. Traditional techniques of therapy; 5. Modern techniques of electrostimulation and photobiomodulation (PBMT) in voice. Part "a" of this publication was associated with the consolidation of the analyses of the first three aspects. The trend in the perceptual-auditory judgment of vocal quality was related to the use of standard protocols. The acoustic evaluation of the vocal signal is accessible and can be done descriptively or by extraction of parameters, thus preferring multiparametric measures. Finally, the analysis of the individual himself closes this triad of voice documentation, which will be the basis for the conclusion of the evaluation, reference for monitoring progress, and evaluation of treatment results.

No XXVIII Congresso Brasileiro da SBFa, 24 especialistas reuniram-se e, a partir de um posicionamento condutor sobre pesquisa científica como ferramenta de conexão entre laboratório e clínica, cinco frentes de conhecimento da especialidade de voz foram discutidas: 1. Julgamento perceptivo-auditivo da qualidade vocal; 2. Análise acústica do sinal vocal; 3. Autoavaliação em voz; 4. Técnicas tradicionais de terapia; 5. Técnicas modernas de eletroestimulação e fotobiomodulação em voz. A parte "a" desta publicação é a consolidação das análises dos três primeiros aspectos. A tendência no julgamento perceptivo-auditivo da qualidade vocal é o uso de protocolos padrão. A avaliação acústica do sinal vocal é acessível e pode ser feita de modo descritivo ou por extração de parâmetros, preferindo-se medidas multiparamétricas. Finalmente, a análise do próprio indivíduo fecha essa tríade de documentação fonoaudiológica, que será base para a conclusão da avaliação, referência para monitoramento do progresso e avaliação de resultado de tratamento.

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RESUMO Objetivo Verificar se a estimulação das habilidades auditivas de fonoaudiólogos com e sem dificuldades no processamento auditivo central (PAC) interfere no desempenho da avaliação perceptivo-auditiva (APA) do desvio vocal predominante. Métodos Estudo prospectivo, quase-experimental, realizado com 26 fonoaudiólogos, desenvolvido em cinco etapas: Etapa1: Pré-intervenção - primeira APA, composta por 30 amostras da vogal sustentada /ε/, acrescidas de 20% de repetição (seis amostras repetidas), apresentadas randomicamente, na qual os participantes deveriam identificar o desvio vocal predominante; Etapa 2: Triagem das habilidades do PAC com nove testes da plataforma AudBility; Etapa 3: Treinamento perceptivo-auditivo do desvio vocal predominante e segunda APA, idêntica à anterior; Etapa 4: Intervenção - estimulação das habilidades auditivas (EHA), realizada por 14 fonoaudiólogos, sendo oito que não passaram na triagem da Etapa 2 (Grupo1) e seis que passaram na triagem e, espontaneamente, realizaram a EHA (Grupo G2a). Os outros 12 participantes não realizaram EHA e formaram o Grupo G2b; Etapa 5: Pós-intervenção - realização da terceira APA, idêntica às anteriores, por todos os fonoaudiólogos. A acurácia das respostas e confiabilidade intra-avaliadores foram verificadas ao longo das três APAs. Resultados Os três grupos apresentaram desempenhos semelhantes nas três APAs. G1 e G2a não apresentaram melhora no desempenho da análise do desvio vocal predominante pós-EHA. A confiabilidade intra-avaliador pré-intervenção no G1 foi inferior a do G2a e G2b nas APA1 e APA2, e similar a eles na APA3, pós-intervenção. Conclusão EHA proposto não impactou a acurácia da APA, mas influenciou a confiabilidade intra-avaliador dos fonoaudiólogos com dificuldades nas habilidades auditivas do PAC.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify if the stimulation of auditory skills of speech therapists with and without difficulty in auditory processing (CAP) interferes in performance of auditory-perceptual assessment (APA) regarding predominant vocal deviation. Methods Prospective, quasi-experimental study, conducted with 26 speech therapists and developed in five stages: Stage1: Pre-intervention - APA, composed of 30 samples of sustained vowel emissions /ε/, plus 20% repetition (six repeated samples) in which participants should identify the predominant vocal deviation. Stage2: Screening of CAP skills through nine tests of AudBility web platform. Stage3: Perceptual-auditory training of predominant vocal deviation and, later, second APA, identical to previous one. Stage4: Intervention - Stimulation of auditory skills (EHA) performed by 14 participants, eight of which failed the screening from Stage2 and six who passed th e screening and spontaneously performed EHA (Group G2a ). The other 12 participants did not perform EHA and formed the G2b Group. Stage5: Post-intervention - Third execution of APA, identical to previous, by all participants. Accuracy of analysis and intra-rater reliability were assessed in all APAs. Results The three groups showed similar performances in the three APAs. G1 and G2a showed no improvement in the performance of the analysis of predominant vocal deviation after EHA. Pre-intervention intra-rater reliability in G1 was lower than in G2a and G2b in APA1 and APA2, and similar to them in APA3, post-intervention. Conclusion Proposed EHA had no impact on APA accuracy, but influenced in intra-rater reliability of speech therapists with difficulty in the hearing skills of CAP.

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RESUMO No XXVIII Congresso Brasileiro da SBFa, 24 especialistas reuniram-se e, a partir de um posicionamento condutor sobre pesquisa científica como ferramenta de conexão entre laboratório e clínica, cinco frentes de conhecimento da especialidade de voz foram discutidas: 1. Julgamento perceptivo-auditivo da qualidade vocal; 2. Análise acústica do sinal vocal; 3. Autoavaliação em voz; 4. Técnicas tradicionais de terapia; 5. Técnicas modernas de eletroestimulação e fotobiomodulação em voz. A parte "a" desta publicação é a consolidação das análises dos três primeiros aspectos. A tendência no julgamento perceptivo-auditivo da qualidade vocal é o uso de protocolos padrão. A avaliação acústica do sinal vocal é acessível e pode ser feita de modo descritivo ou por extração de parâmetros, preferindo-se medidas multiparamétricas. Finalmente, a análise do próprio indivíduo fecha essa tríade de documentação fonoaudiológica, que será base para a conclusão da avaliação, referência para monitoramento do progresso e avaliação de resultado de tratamento.

ABSTRACT During the XXVIII Brazilian Congress of SBFa, 24 specialists met and, from a leading position on scientific research as a tool for connecting laboratory and clinic, five fronts of knowledge of the voice specialty were discussed as following: Perceptual-auditory judgment of vocal quality; 2. Acoustic analysis of the vocal signal; 3. Voice self-assessment; 4. Traditional techniques of therapy; 5. Modern techniques of electrostimulation and photobiomodulation (PBMT) in voice. Part "a" of this publication was associated with the consolidation of the analyses of the first three aspects. The trend in the perceptual-auditory judgment of vocal quality was related to the use of standard protocols. The acoustic evaluation of the vocal signal is accessible and can be done descriptively or by extraction of parameters, thus preferring multiparametric measures. Finally, the analysis of the individual himself closes this triad of voice documentation, which will be the basis for the conclusion of the evaluation, reference for monitoring progress, and evaluation of treatment results.

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RESUMO O presente texto é a continuação da publicação referente ao XVIII Congresso da SBFa. Na parte "A" apresentamos análises sobre avaliação clínica vocal. O foco da parte "B" são aspectos de reabilitação vocal: 4. Técnicas tradicionais de terapia vocal; 5. Técnicas modernas de eletroestimulação e fotobiomodulação aplicadas à reabilitação. Os inúmeros estudos sobre os diversos programas, métodos ou técnicas tradicionais de reabilitação, muitos de elevada qualidade de evidência, permitem considerar tais procedimentos relativamente bem descritos, seguros e com efeitos conhecidos, dando conta do tratamento de diversos distúrbios vocais. As evidências científicas com as técnicas tradicionais são reconhecidas mundialmente. Novas frentes de evolução, como o uso da eletroestimulação ou fotobiomodulação em voz parecem ser promissoras como abordagens coadjuvantes. Há mais estudos sobre eletroestimulação em voz do que com fotobiomodulação, contudo, evidências científicas para essas duas técnicas modernas são ainda limitadas. Conhecimento e cautela são necessários para a aplicação de quaisquer técnicas.

ABSTRACT This text is the continuation of the XVIII SBFa Congress publication. In part "A" we presented the analyses on clinical vocal evaluation. Part "B" focuses on vocal rehabilitation: 4. Traditional techniques of vocal therapy; 5. Modern techniques of electrostimulation and photobiomodulation applied to vocal rehabilitation. The numerous studies on the various programs, methods, and techniques of traditional rehabilitation techniques, and many with high quality of evidence, allow us to consider such procedures relatively well described, safe, and with known effects, accounting for the treatment of various vocal disorders. The scientific evidence with traditional techniques is recognized worldwide. New fronts of evolution, with electrostimulation or photobiomodulation used to handle voice problems, seem to be promising as coadjutant approaches. There are more studies on electrostimulation in vocal rehabilitation than with photobiomodulation; however, scientific evidence for these two modern techniques is still limited. Knowledge and caution are required for the application of either technique.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an association exists between auditory skills and the reliability of judgments of the vocal deviation grade and the degrees of roughness and breathiness and to evaluate whether these skills are predictive of interrater reliability in auditory-perceptual evaluations. METHODS: The sample consisted of 20 speech-language pathology students without previous training in auditory-perceptual evaluation. The students underwent a basic audiological evaluation and a central auditory processing evaluation. They then participated in two auditory-perceptual evaluation sessions assessing the general grade (GG) and the degrees of roughness and breathiness of 44 samples of sustained vowel production with the presence or absence of dysphonia. For statistical analysis, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and a beta regression model were used. RESULTS: A difference was found in the average ICCs of the GG parameter between listeners with high and low temporal resolution and binaural interaction skills. Temporal resolution skills and binaural interaction affected the ICC of listeners in the GG evaluation, reducing the likelihood of reliability by 2.8 and 3.6 times, respectively. CONCLUSION: An association exists between temporal resolution skills and binaural interaction and the reliability of listeners in evaluations of vocal deviation severity. Listeners with low levels of these skills show less reliability in evaluations of the severity of vocal deviation. In addition, temporal resolution and binaural interaction are predictors and explain 42.7% of the variability in the reliability of evaluations of vocal deviation severity.

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PURPOSE: To verify the association between laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with age, gender, vocal deviation and voice complaints. METHODS: The study included patients between 18 and 70 years old, referred to the Otorhinolaryngology service for complaints of voice or reflux, of both sexes. Endolaryngeal findings were classified using the Reflux Finding Score (RFS) scale. The presence or absence of vocal and reflux complaints was verified and correlated with the RFS classification. On the same date, they were submitted to sustained vowel voice recording and chained speech. The auditory-perceptual assessment was performed by a speech therapist, classifying the general degree of vocal deviation based on the GRBASI scale. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 42. 6 years, 62. 3% female, and mean RFS scores of 6. 26 points. Among the patients, 48 subjects had vocal complaints, 34 women with a mean age of 44. 9 years and an average RFS score of 6. 94 points. The other 49 individuals had no vocal complaints, and of these 27 were women, with a mean age of 41. 2 years and a mean RFS score of 5. 5 points. The variables "reflux complaint", "vocal complaint" and age were the ones that most correlated with the RFS scale scores. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship among reflux complaints, laryngeal findings and vocal complaint.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre Refluxo laringofaríngeo (RLF) com idade, sexo, desvio vocal e queixas de voz. MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo pacientes entre 18 e 70 anos, encaminhados ao serviço de otorrinolaringologia por queixas de voz ou refluxo, de ambos os sexos. Os achados endolaríngeos foram classificados utilizando a escala Reflux Finding Score (RFS). A presença ou não de queixas vocais e de refluxo foi verificada e correlacionada com a classificação RFS. Na mesma data, os pacientes foram submetidos à gravação de voz de vogal sustentada e fala encadeada. A avaliação perceptivo-auditiva foi realizada por uma fonoaudióloga, classificando o grau geral do desvio vocal com base na escala GRBASI. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 97 pacientes, com média de idade de 42,6 anos, sendo 62,3% do sexo feminino e média dos escores da escala RFS igual a 6,26 pontos. Do total de pacientes, 48 indivíduos apresentavam queixas vocais, sendo 34 mulheres com idade média de 44,9 anos e escore RFS médio de 6,94 pontos. Os outros 49 indivíduos não apresentavam queixas vocais, e desses 27 eram mulheres, com idade média de 41,2 anos e média de escore RFS igual a 5,5 pontos. As variáveis "queixa de refluxo", "queixa vocal" e idade foram as que mais se correlacionaram com os escores da escala RFS. CONCLUSÃO: Há relação entre queixas de refluxo, achados laríngeos e queixa vocal.

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