RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The anatomical variations of the mandibular canal have been described according to the number of additional branches it presents, bifid and trifid. Within the bifids we can also find subtypes of variations such as the retromolar mandibular canal. These anatomical variations can have important clinical implications for the work of dental professionals. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature was carried out in different databases that met the following criteria: articles published between 2000 and 2020, and articles that established a clinical correlation with variations in the mandibular canal. RESULTS: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 articles were obtained, in which the variations of the mandibular canal were identified, their prevalence and incidence, which was very varied between the different articles, it was also found that the CBCT was the main technique to identify the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal. Lastly, the anatomical variations of the mandibular canal have a direct clinical correlation with pre-surgical, intra-surgical and postsurgical complications in pathologies that require surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical variations of the mandibular canal have a high incidence, so knowing them is of vital importance both for clinicians and anatomy professors who provide morphological training. We believe that research should focus on describing and diagnosing the causes of these anatomical variations. That said, there is also a continuous challenge for all health professionals to learn about the different anatomical variations that the human body presents and how these can affect clinical practice.
Assuntos
Variação Anatômica , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Humanos , Incidência , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Radiografia PanorâmicaAssuntos
Política de Saúde/tendências , Mortalidade Infantil/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Países em Desenvolvimento , Previsões , Diretrizes para o Planejamento em Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to determine patient knowledge of cervical dysplasia and colposcopy at an inner-city obstetrics and gynecology clinic and the relationship of this knowledge base to compliance. METHODS: One hundred six women presenting for colposcopy at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital's obstetrics and gynecology clinic during an 8-month period were given questionnaires testing their knowledge of Papanicolaou smears, colposcopy, cervical dysplasia, and cervical cancer. Their medical records were reviewed 12 to 19 months later for patient demographics and follow-up compliance. RESULTS: Mean patient score on the nine-question test was 3.5 ± 1.7 (score range, 0-8). Answers to individual questions showed that 32.1% of patients understood the purpose of a Papanicolaou smear, 52.8% understood the nature of colposcopy, and 24.4% could identify at least three risk factors for cervical cancer. Overall compliance with planned follow-up was 54.7%. We saw no relationship between test scores and follow-up compliance. Correct answers to individual questions did not correlate with improved compliance. Age, parity, intercurrent pregnancy, and history of previous colposcopy were not predictive of compliance. Follow-up compliance correlated with the colposcopic impression of the severity of disease [79.2% for patients with high-grade lesions versus 46.9% for all others (p = .005)]. A statistical trend was observed in relation to the severity of the initiating cytological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Patient knowledge was poor, as demonstrated by our questionnaire. Compliance did not correlate with questionnaire scores but rather correlated with the colposcopic impression of severity of disease. Increased knowledge in patients, therefore, may not necessarily increase compliance.