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Zika virus (ZIKV) is an RNA flavivirus (Flaviviridae family) endemic in tropical and subtropical regions that is transmitted to humans by Aedes (Stegomyia) species mosquitoes. The two main urban vectors of ZIKV are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which can be found throughout Brazil. This study investigated ZIKV infection in mosquito species sampled from urban forest fragments in Manaus (Brazilian Amazon). A total of 905 non-engorged female Ae. aegypti (22 specimens) and Ae. albopictus (883 specimens) were collected using BG-Sentinel traps, entomological hand nets, and Prokopack aspirators during the rainy and dry seasons between 2018 and 2021. All pools were macerated and used to inoculate C6/36 culture cells. Overall, 3/20 (15%) Ae. aegypti and 5/241 (2%) Ae. albopictus pools screened using RT-qPCR were positive for ZIKV. No supernatants from Ae. aegypti were positive for ZIKV (0%), and 15 out of 241 (6.2%) Ae. albopictus pools were positive. In this study, we provide the first-ever evidence of Ae. albopictus naturally infected with ZIKV in the Amazon region.

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Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from other febrile diseases is one of several challenges imposed by the pandemic. We present a case of severe malaria and COVID-19 coinfection in a non-malaria-endemic region. A 44-year-old female with malaise, fever, hypotension, jaundice, and enlarged liver and spleen was admitted to the intensive care unit. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were positive. Rapid tests, microscopy, and quantitative PCR were positive for Plasmodium vivax. Cytokine storm profiles were identified. We could not determine whether the severe vivax malaria in our patient was triggered by COVID-19 coinfection.

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A strategy using bacilli was adopted aiming to investigate the mitigation of the effects of water deficit in sesame. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 2 sesame cultivars (BRS Seda and BRS Anahí) and 4 inoculants (pant001, ESA 13, ESA 402, and ESA 441). On the 30th day of the cycle, irrigation was suspended for eight days, and the plants were subjected to physiological analysis using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). On the 8th day of water suspension, leaves were collected for analysis: superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, nitrogen, chlorophyll, and carotenoids. At the end of the crop cycle, data on biomass and vegetative growth characteristics were collected. Data were submitted for variance analysis and comparison of means by the Tukey and Shapiro-Wilk tests. A positive effect of inoculants was observed for all characteristics evaluated, contributing to improvements in plant physiology, induction of biochemical responses, vegetative development, and productivity. ESA 13 established better interaction with the BRS Anahí cultivar and ESA 402 with BRS Seda, with an increase of 49% and 34%, respectively, for the mass of one thousand seeds. Thus, biological indicators are identified regarding the potential of inoculants for application in sesame cultivation.

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The main goal was to determine the impact of mental stress (MS) on blood flow regulation in overweight/obese men. Fourteen overweight/obese men (27 ± 7 years; 29.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2 ) participated in two randomized experimental sessions with oral administration of the AT1R blocker Olmesartan (40 mg; AT1RB) or placebo (PL). After 2 h, a 5-min acute MS session (Stroop Color Word Test) was administered. Blood flow was assessed at baseline and during the first 3 min of MS by vascular ultrasound in the brachial artery. Blood was collected before (baseline) and during mental stress (MS) for measurement of nitrite (chemiluminescence) and endothelin-1 (ELISA kit). The AT1R blocker was able to reverse the MS responses observed in the placebo session for retrograde flow (p < 0.01), retrograde SR (p < 0.01) and oscillatory shear index (p = 0.01). Regarding vasoactive substances, no differences were observed in ET-1 (p > 0.05) responses to MS between experimental sessions. However, for nitrite responses, the administration of the AT1R blocker was able to increase circulating levels of NO (p = 0.03) Blockade of AT1R appears to prevent the decrease in endothelial function by reducing low shear stress and maintaining the vasoactive substances balance after MS in overweight/obese men.

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ABSTRACT Differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from other febrile diseases is one of several challenges imposed by the pandemic. We present a case of severe malaria and COVID-19 coinfection in a non-malaria-endemic region. A 44-year-old female with malaise, fever, hypotension, jaundice, and enlarged liver and spleen was admitted to the intensive care unit. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were positive. Rapid tests, microscopy, and quantitative PCR were positive for Plasmodium vivax. Cytokine storm profiles were identified. We could not determine whether the severe vivax malaria in our patient was triggered by COVID-19 coinfection.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In volleyball, the high demand for shoulder sports makes it susceptible to injuries due to the repetition of sporting gestures. The presence of pain in the shoulder can lead to the disability to perform movements correctly, resulting in reduced sports performance. The study aimed to evaluate and correlate the presence of pain and functional disability of the upper extremity in volleyball athletes. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study, developed with 30 female volleyball athletes. Functional disability was assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) and pain intensity using the Visual Numeric Scale (VNS). The study was conducted in an online format. The IBM SPSS 21.0 statistical package for Windows was used, where descriptive measures, Wilcoxon, and Spearman correlation tests were performed, adopting p≤0.05. RESULTS: Nineteen athletes reported mild to moderate pain to perform daily activities, and 21 athletes reported pain to perform sporting gestures, with pain being significantly more intense in the dominant shoulder in the spike movement (p<0.001), serve (p<0.001), and blocking (p=0.03). Athletes did not present functional limitations in the DASH, but the opposite, outside hitter, and middle blocker, presented mild limitations in the DASH sport. There was a strong correlation between DASH and day-to-day pain (rs=0.79; p<0.001) and a moderate correlation between sports DASH and pain in the dominant shoulder in the spike (rs=0.67; p<0.001) and in the serve (rs=0.60; p<0.001) movements. CONCLUSION: Evaluated athletes presented shoulder pain, higher functional disability to performer the sports activity, and pain and functional disability were positively correlated HIGHLIGHTS Overhead movements such as serve and spike contribute to shoulder pain in volleyball players; The functional disability of the upper limbs is positively correlated with the intensity of pain to perform daily activities and sports; The kinetic-functional diagnosis is important to minimize the risk of injury, rehabilitate injured athletes and provide an adequate return of the athlete to sports practice.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: No voleibol, a alta exigência da articulação do ombro torna-o suscetível a lesões devido à repetição dos gestos esportivos. A presença de dor no ombro pode gerar incapacidade para executar os movimentos corretamente, ocasionando redução do desempenho esportivo. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e correlacionar a presença de dor e incapacidade funcional de membro superior em atletas de voleibol. METODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo, desenvolvido com 30 mulheres atletas de voleibol de quadra. A incapacidade funcional foi avaliada por meio do Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) e a intensidade de dor pela Escala Visual Numérica (EVN) de 10 pontos. A pesquisa foi conduzida no formato on-line. Utilizou-se o programa estatístico IBM SPSS 21.0 para Windows, pelo qual foram realizadas as medidas descritivas, o teste de Wilcoxon e a correlação de Spearman adotando p≤0,05. RESULTADOS: Dezenove atletas relataram dor leve a moderada para realizar as atividades diárias, e 21 atletas para realizar os gestos esportivos, sendo a dor significativamente mais intensa no ombro dominante em movimentos para ataque (p<0,001), saque (p<0,001) e bloqueio (p=0,03). As atletas não apresentaram limitação funcional no DASH geral, mas no DASH esporte as opostas, ponteiras e centrais foram classificadas com limitação leve. Houve correlação forte entre DASH e dor no dia a dia (rs=0,79; p<0,001) e correlação moderada entre DASH esporte e dor no ombro dominante no ataque (rs=0,67; p<0,001) e no saque (rs=0,60; p<0,001). CONCLUSAO: Atletas avaliadas apresentaram dor no ombro, maior incapacidade funcional na atividade esportiva, e dor e incapacidade funcional estavam positivamente correlacionadas. DESTAQUES Movimentos aéreos como saque e ataque contribuem para a dor no ombro em jogadores de voleibol; A incapacidade funcional dos membros superiores correlaciona-se positivamente com a intensidade da dor para a realização de atividades cotidianas e esportivas; O diagnóstico cinético-funcional é importante para minimizar o risco de lesão, reabilitar atletas lesionados e proporcionar um retorno adequado do atleta à prática esportiva.

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The aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of Clostridium difficile in commercial raw meat and meat products commercialized in Brazil, and to determine the pathogenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. After selective enrichment, the isolation of C. difficile involved plating with and without an alcohol shock treatment onto C. difficile moxalactam agar (CDMNA). The toxigenic profile was determined through PCR for detection of tcdA, tcdB, cdtA and cdtB genes and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for toxin A/B. C. difficile was isolated from 8.9% (17 out of 192) of analyzed samples. Plating without alcohol treatment (sensitivity of 88.23%) was more efficient than with alcohol treatment (sensitivity of 29.41%) in C. difficile isolation. The profile A + B+CDT- was observed in 35.0% (28/80) of the isolates. The A/B toxin was tested in 44 isolates and 15.9% of them were positive. Resistance to clindamycin, ceftizoxime tetracycline, metronidazole, vancomycin, and ceftriaxone were observed among isolates. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 36.4% (8/22) of the isolates evaluated.

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Resumo A dependência química é entendida pela ciência como um fenômeno complexo, multifatorial e polêmico. Embora o consumo de substâncias psicoativas e os problemas dele decorrentes sejam comuns nos diferentes gêneros, faixas etárias, classes econômicas e grupos sociais, esses constructos atuam de modos diferentes considerando seu papel nas estruturações das subjetividades e relação destas com o meio social. Buscou-se, nesse estudo, compreender a relação entre questões de gênero e dependência química partindo da percepção de mulheres que buscaram acompanhamento em saúde por adicção. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa realizada com mulheres dependentes de substâncias psicoativas, sendo estas lícitas - como álcool, tabaco e medicamentos - e ilícitas - como maconha e cocaína. A análise das entrevistas teve como base a análise de conteúdo de Bardin, embasada por estudos sobre gênero e dependência química. Os resultados demonstram que as questões de gênero marcam fortemente as percepções femininas de si, da forma como os papéis de mulher são ou não exercidos no movimento da dependência química e de como a sociedade valida seus comportamentos. Evidências deste estudo permitem inferir que as questões de gênero perpassam as vivências atreladas à dependência química, singularizando a relação da mulher com a droga.

Abstract Science understand chemical as a complex, multifactorial, and controversial phenomenon. The consumption of psychoactive substances and the problems arising therefrom are common to individuals of different genders, age groups, economic classes, and social groups; however, these constructs have different weight according to their role in the structuring of subjectivities and their relationship with the social environment. This study sought to understand the relationship between gender issues and chemical dependence from the perception of women who sought healthcare for substance abuse. This qualitative research consisted of interviews conducted with women dependent on psychoactive substances, either legal - such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs - or illegal - marijuana and cocaine. Data was analyzed according with Bardin's content analysis, based on studies on gender and chemical dependency. The results demonstrate that gender issues strongly mark how women perceive themselves, the mean through which drug abuse movements reproduce female roles, and how society validates their behaviors. These findings suggest that gender issues permeate the experiences linked to chemical dependence, singularizing the relationship between women and the drug.

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The scope of this article is to identify the repercussions of the effect of memory stimulation in healthy elderly individuals. It is an integrative review of the literature, namely of articles published in the last seven years in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The selection was performed through cross-checking of key words: health of the elderly, memory and cognition in the Lilacs, Medline and IBECS databases. The inclusion criteria were: original article; addressing key issue; full text electronically available; population 60 years and above without diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Twelve articles were selected and it was identified that the effect of memory stimulation in the elderly without cognitive impairment can improve performance in advanced, instrumental and basic activities of daily living and in psychological, social and quality of life components in the elderly. Based on analysis of the articles it is important to emphasize the need for further longitudinal and intervention studies focused on cognitive stimulation in the elderly without cognitive impairment and that future research can overcome such limitations by working towards efficient monitoring and evaluation, which is more rigorous and committed to facilitate the cognitive performance of the elderly in daily activities.

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as repercussões do efeito de estimulação de memória em idosos saudáveis. Revisão integrativa da literatura, de artigos publicados nos últimos sete anos, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. A seleção foi realizada por meio de cruzamentos dos descritores: saúde do idoso, memória e cognição, nas bases de Lilacs, Medline e IBECS. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ser artigo original; responder a questão norteadora; ter disponibilidade eletrônica na forma de texto completo; ter como população de estudos idosos a partir de 60 anos sem diagnóstico de comprometimento cognitivo. Foram selecionados 12 artigos e identificado que o efeito de estimulação de memória em idosos sem comprometimento cognitivo pode melhorar no desempenho nas atividades avançadas, instrumentais e básicas de vida diária, nos componentes psicológicos, sociais e de qualidade de vida dos idosos. De acordo com a análise dos artigos é importante ressaltar a necessidade de mais estudos longitudinais e de intervenção com foco na estimulação cognitiva em idosos sem comprometimento cognitivo e que futuros estudos podem superar tais limitações através de pesquisas na área que visem um bom monitoramento e avaliações mais rigorosas, empenhadas em facilitar o desempenho cognitivo dos idosos nas atividades cotidianas.

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Synergism among reflexes probably contributes to exercise hyperventilation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Thus, we investigated whether the carotid chemoreflex and the muscle metaboreflex interact to the regulation of ventilation ( V˙E ) in HFrEF. Ten patients accomplished 4-min cycling at 60% peak workload and then recovered for 2 min under either: (a) 21% O2 inhalation (tonic carotid chemoreflex activity) with legs' circulation free (inactive muscle metaboreflex); (b) 100% O2 inhalation (suppressed carotid chemoreflex activity) with legs' circulation occluded (muscle metaboreflex activation); (c) 21% O2 inhalation (tonic carotid chemoreflex activity) with legs' circulation occluded (muscle metaboreflex activation); or (d) 100% O2 inhalation (suppressed carotid chemoreflex activity) with legs' circulation free (inactive muscle metaboreflex) as control. V˙E , tidal volume (VT ) and respiratory frequency (fR ) were similar between each separated reflex (protocols a and b) and control (protocol d). Calculated sum of separated reflexes effects was similar to control. Oppositely, V˙E (mean ± SEM: Δ vs. control = 2.46 ± 1.07 L/min, p = .05) and fR (Δ = 2.47 ± 0.77 cycles/min, p = .02) increased versus control when both reflexes were simultaneously active (protocol c). Therefore, the carotid chemoreflex and the muscle metaboreflex interacted to V˙E regulation in a fR -dependent manner in patients with HFrEF. If this interaction operates during exercise, it can have some contribution to the HFrEF exercise hyperventilation.

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