RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of gingival fissures (GF) associated with the use of soft and medium bristle toothbrushes over three months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A blind randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted with 20 high school students (14 females, 14-24 years old) using both toothbrushes type (soft and medium bristle) during 3 months each. Periodontal examinations and photographs of premolars and molars were recorded on days 0, 30, 60, and 90 of 1st phase. Following a 10-day washout period, the 2nd phase was carried out with the participants changing the assigned brush type. Toothbrushing perception was evaluated at the end of study through a questionnaire. A calibrated and blind examiner analyzed the photographs for GF presence. Differences in the GF incidence between toothbrushes type were analyzed by McNemar test, while factors associated with GF incidence were investigated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent (n = 13) of participants had at least one GF throughout the study, with 40% (n = 8) of them while using medium brushes only (p = 0.039). GF occurrence was significantly associated with medium brushes (IRR, 3.582; 95% CI 1.459-8.795; p = 0.005). 58.8% of participants reported gingival soreness or bleeding with medium brushes. CONCLUSIONS: Both toothbrushes led to the GF occurrence. Nonetheless, medium bristles toothbrushes determined a 3.58 times greater risk of developing these lesions. Clinical relevance The use of medium bristle brush is associated with greater incidence of gingival fissures. The presence of gingival fissures should be considered by the clinician when evaluating the toothbrushing habits of patients.
Assuntos
Doenças da Gengiva , Escovação Dentária , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Gengiva , Humanos , Incidência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was twofold: (1) to test the hypothesis that tooth loss is independently associated with carotid atherosclerotic burden (CAB) among individuals with ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and (2) to test the association between tooth loss and disability following the occurrence of cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study included 418 patients with IS or TIA. Tooth loss and the CAB were measured through a head and neck multidetector computed tomography angiography. CAB was analyzed in both common, internal, and external carotid arteries and classified in five levels of vascular occlusion. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the functional outcome at patient discharge. Health records provided information on sociodemographic and medical covariates. The association between CAB and tooth loss, as well as between tooth loss and subtypes of cerebral ischemia were estimated through Poisson regression. Cox regression was carried out to evaluate the association between tooth loss and the mRS, with α = 5%. RESULTS: Mean age was 65.6 ± 13.8 years, with 52.4% males. Multivariate analyses revealed that severe tooth loss (> 23 missing teeth) was independently associated with CAB ≥ 50% (PR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.19-6.89) and mRS scores (> 2) (HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.10-3.75). CONCLUSION: Tooth loss was independently associated with CAB and predicted a poorer functional outcome among IS and TIA patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinical assessment of tooth loss may provide important information on risk for CAB and poorer functional outcome among stroke patients.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose , Isquemia Encefálica , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Perda de Dente , Idoso , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/complicações , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Perda de Dente/epidemiologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity has been associated with poor oral health. The aim of this study is to assess whether periodontal disease is a risk indicator for poor physical fitness. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 111 males who performed a physical fitness test (PFT) composed of four exercises: 1) push-ups conducted by pushing the body up and lowering it down using the arms; 2) pull-ups with the body suspended by the arms gripped on a bar; 3) sit-ups in which the upper and lower vertebrae are lifted from the floor; and 4) running for 12 minutes. A PFT score (range of 1 to 300) was determined for each participant, with higher scores indicating better physical fitness. One periodontist assessed attachment loss (AL) and probing depth (PD). Physical fitness was dichotomized according to whether the highest PFT score was "achieved" or "not achieved." Multivariable logistic models were fitted adjusting for age, overweight (body mass index of 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2)), and frequency of daily exercise. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 34.8 ± 10.3 years. Overweight individuals demonstrated significantly lower PFT scores (276.9 ± 24.1 points) than normal-weight individuals (289.3 ± 16.8 points). Individuals presenting at least one tooth with AL ≥ 4 mm had significantly lower PFT scores (277.8 ± 23.6 points) compared with those without this status (285.9 ± 20.2 points). A 1-mm increment in PD or AL significantly decreased the chance of reaching the highest PFT score by 69% or 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease may be considered a risk indicator for poor physical fitness in males.