RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few equations have been developed in veterinary medicine compared to human medicine to predict body composition. The present study was done to evaluate the influence of weight loss on biometry (BIO), bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and ultrasonography (US) in cats, proposing equations to estimate fat (FM) and lean (LM) body mass, as compared to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the referenced method. For this were used 16 gonadectomized obese cats (8 males and 8 females) in a weight loss program. DXA, BIO, BIA and US were performed in the obese state (T0; obese animals), after 10% of weight loss (T1) and after 20% of weight loss (T2). Stepwise regression was used to analyze the relationship between the dependent variables (FM, LM) determined by DXA and the independent variables obtained by BIO, BIA and US. The better models chosen were evaluated by a simple regression analysis and means predicted vs. determined by DXA were compared to verify the accuracy of the equations. RESULTS: The independent variables determined by BIO, BIA and US that best correlated (p < 0.005) with the dependent variables (FM and LM) were BW (body weight), TC (thoracic circumference), PC (pelvic circumference), R (resistance) and SFLT (subcutaneous fat layer thickness). Using Mallows'Cp statistics, p value and r2, 19 equations were selected (12 for FM, 7 for LM); however, only 7 equations accurately predicted FM and one LM of cats. CONCLUSIONS: The equations with two variables are better to use because they are effective and will be an alternative method to estimate body composition in the clinical routine. For estimated lean mass the equations using body weight associated with biometrics measures can be proposed. For estimated fat mass the equations using body weight associated with bioimpedance analysis can be proposed.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/fisiologia , Tecido Adiposo/ultraestrutura , Obesidade/veterinária , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Animais , Biometria , Composição Corporal , Gatos , Feminino , Masculino , Obesidade/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effects of assisted nutritional support on hospital outcome in dogs and cats, and the relationship between hospital outcome and energy intake, body condition score (BCS), physical status score, and type of nutritional support used. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of hospitalized animals. SETTING: Teaching Veterinary Hospital. ANIMALS: Four hundred and sixty-seven dogs and 55 cats. INTERVENTIONS: Routine clinical nutritional support. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The following variables were recorded for each animal: energy intake, body weight at admission and discharge, BCS, physical status score, and type of nutritional support used. Disease severity was negatively associated with hospital outcome and energy intake (P=0.009). Energy intake was positively associated with hospital discharge (P<0.001). Outcome may be related to BCS, with discharge rates of 73% for animals with low BCS, and 84.7% for those at an ideal BCS or overweight (P=0.04). Sixty-four percent of animals showed voluntary food intake (92.9% were discharged), 19.0% received enteral support (71.8% were discharged), 7.0% were forced fed (75.0% were discharged), 6.0% received parenteral support (61.9% were discharged), and 4.0% did not receive calories (38.4% were discharged), suggesting a possible relationship between the type of nutritional support, energy intake, and outcome (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Energy supply, even if modest and close to resting energy requirements appears to be positively associated with hospital discharge. However, disease severity was the main negative factor on outcome and also had a negative effect on energy intake, making it difficult to separate the effects of both factors when interpreting hospital discharge. Thin animals with low BCS had greater mortality.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/terapia , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Apoio Nutricional/veterinária , Animais , Peso Corporal , Brasil , Doenças do Gato/fisiopatologia , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Cães , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Hospitais Veterinários , Masculino , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Faculdades de Medicina Veterinária , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The effects of 2 diets with different protein contents on weight loss and subsequent maintenance was assessed in obese cats. The control group [Co; n = 8; body condition score (BCS) = 8.6 +/- 0.2] received a diet containing 21.4 g crude protein (CP)/MJ of metabolizable energy and the high-protein group (HP; n = 7; BCS = 8.6 +/- 0.2) received a diet containing 28.4 g CP/MJ until the cats achieved a 20% controlled weight loss (0.92 +/- 0.2%/wk). After the weight loss, the cats were all fed a diet containing 28.0 g CP/MJ at an amount sufficient to maintain a constant body weight (MAIN) for 120 d. During weight loss, there was a reduction of lean mass in Co (P < 0.01) but not in HP cats and a reduction in leptinemia in both groups (P < 0.01). Energy intake per kilogram of metabolic weight (kg(-0.40)) to maintain the same rate of weight loss was lower (P < 0.04) in the Co (344 +/- 15.9 kJ x kg(-0.40) x d(-1)) than in the HP group (377 +/- 12.4 kJ. x kg(-0.40) x d(-1)). During the first 40 d of MAIN, the energy requirement for weight maintenance was 398.7 +/- 9.7 kJ.kg(-0.40) x d(-1) for both groups, corresponding to 73% of the NRC recommendation. The required energy gradually increased in both groups (P < 0.05) but at a faster rate in HP; therefore, the energy consumption during the last 40 d of the MAIN was higher (P < 0.001) for the HP cats (533.8 +/- 7.4 kJ x kg(-0.40) x d(-1)) than for the control cats (462.3 +/- 9.6 kJ x kg(-0.40) x d(-1)). These findings suggest that HP diets allow a higher energy intake to weight loss in cats, reducing the intensity of energy restriction. Protein intake also seemed to have long-term effects so that weight maintenance required more energy after weight loss.