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BACKGROUND: Amazonas was one of the most impacted Brazilian states by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mortality rates were high, and the health systems collapsed. It is important to identify possible intermediate reservoirs to avoid animal-to-human contamination. Several tropical fish are of commercial interest and are sold in large open-air markets in the region, representing a large economic and dietary importance. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to verify if fish species of commercial importance, aerosols, and fish wastewater in local open-air markets, at a major capital city in the western Brazilian Amazon, are contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: 488 fish, 50 aerosol, and 45 wastewater samples were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. The samples were subjected to extraction using the BIOGENE Viral DNA/RNA Extraction kit, and the molecular diagnosis was tested for SARS-CoV-2 using the Bio-Manguinhos SARS-CoV-2 (EDx) Molecular Kit. RESULTS: It was not possible to detect the virus (Ct≤40, for Gene E) in these samples, however, in 181 samples of fish it was possible to detect the human RP gene (Ct≤35, for the RP Gene), indicating human contact. There was a high number of COVID-19 diagnoses in all city districts in which the samples were collected, showing that SARS-CoV-2 was circulating. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that fish of local commercial importance do not carry SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, despite circulation of SARS-CoV-2, and are not an important source of animal-to-human contamination. Despite these results, the human RP gene was found detectable in fish, air, and fish wastewater, showing that such places may carry human pathogens.
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COVID-19 , Peixes , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/virologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Peixes/virologia , Águas Residuárias/virologia , Aerossóis , RNA Viral/genética , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/análiseRESUMO
My Strengths My Health (MSMH) is a simplified version of the Omaha System developed for the use of patients and their caregivers. Its main objective is to enable a whole-person assessment with the participation of the patients in understanding the concepts that comprise their care plan. Since 2021, we joined a worldwide initiative to translate MSMH to other languages and this paper reports the Brazilian experience in 3 stages, developed from January 2022 to December 2023: translation and back translation of terms, its validation by freshman nursing students and its adoption by patients at an outpatient facility. Among the results, we highlight the patients' comments on the perceived ease of use of the system. MSMH adoption by caregivers and populations of different cultures and languages can amplify the comprehension of biological, psychological, social, spiritual and environmental determinants of health worldwide specially if issues on digital health literacy are considered.
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Traduções , Brasil , Humanos , Portugal , Tradução , Letramento em SaúdeRESUMO
The Omaha System has been providing a useful clinical documentation structure for health practice, education, and research since 1975. To understand its current applications, we updated a literature review from 2013, using the same descriptors ('Omaha System') which resulted in 559 documents. After applying filters and different forms of screening, 35 papers published from 2012 to 2022 composed the final sample for the review. From its critical analysis we realized that the Omaha System is still a valuable tool for the evaluation of health care outcomes in a variety of settings. Its benefits include promoting communication, supporting evidence-based dec;ision-making, and improving the quality of care and it is interoperable with other classifications and terminologies in healthcare. The use of the Omaha System still enables a consistent integration between patient, community, and health professionals, ensuring the collection and analysis of data that contributes to holistic care in a multidisciplinary approach.
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Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , HumanosRESUMO
Heterogeneous biocatalysts were prepared by adsorbing T. lanuginosus lipase (TLL) onto uncalcined (SBAUC-TLL) and calcined (SBAC-TLL) SBA-15, using ammonium fluoride as a pore expander to facilitate TLL immobilization. At an enzyme load of 1 mg/g, high immobilization yields (>90 %) and recovered activities (>80 % for SBAUC-TLL and 70 % for SBAC-TLL) were achieved. When increasing the enzyme load to 5 mg/g, the immobilization yield of SBAUC-TLL was 80 %, and the recovered activity was 50 %, while SBAC-TLL had a yield of 100 % and a recovered activity of 36 %. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA) was conducted to improve stability (SBAUC-TLL-GA and SBAC-TLL-GA). Although SBAC-TLL-GA lost 25 % of initial activity after GA modifications, it exhibited the highest thermal (t1/2 = 5.7 h at 65 °C), when compared to SBAC-TLL (t1/2 = 12 min) and the soluble enzyme (t1/2 = 36 min), and operational stability (retained 100 % activity after 5 cycles). Both biocatalysts presented high storage stability since they retained 100 % of initial activity for 30 days. These results highlight SBA-15's potential as an enzyme support and the protocol's efficacy in enhancing stability, with implications for industrial applications in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Biocatálise , Estabilidade Enzimática , Enzimas Imobilizadas , Lipase , Dióxido de Silício , Enzimas Imobilizadas/química , Enzimas Imobilizadas/metabolismo , Lipase/química , Lipase/metabolismo , Dióxido de Silício/química , Porosidade , Temperatura , Adsorção , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Eurotiales/enzimologia , Cinética , Glutaral/químicaRESUMO
The disease coronavirus COVID-19 has been the cause of millions of deaths worldwide. Among the proteins of SARS-CoV-2, non-structural protein 12 (NSP12) plays a key role during COVID infection and is part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. The monitoring of NSP12 polymorphisms is extremely important for the design of new antiviral drugs and monitoring of viral evolution. This study analyzed the NSP12 mutations detected in circulating SARS-CoV-2 during the years 2020 to 2022 in the population of the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The most frequent mutations found were P323L and G671S. Reports in the literature indicate that these mutations are related to transmissibility efficiency, which may have contributed to the extremely high numbers of cases in this location. In addition, two mutations described here (E796D and R914K) are close and have RMSD that is similar to the mutations M794V and N911K, which have been described in the literature as influential on the performance of the NSP12 enzyme. These data demonstrate the need to monitor the emergence of new mutations in NSP12 in order to better understand their consequences for the treatments currently used and in the design of new drugs.
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COVID-19 , RNA-Polimerase RNA-Dependente de Coronavírus , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Brasil , Simulação por Computador , COVID-19/virologia , COVID-19/transmissão , Mutação/genética , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , RNA-Polimerase RNA-Dependente de Coronavírus/genética , RNA-Polimerase RNA-Dependente de Coronavírus/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to present the theoretical model, logic model, and the analysis and judgment matrix of the Fall TIPS Brazil Program. METHODS: a qualitative, participatory research approach, in the form of an evaluability study, encompassing the phases (1) problem analysis; (2) program design, development, and adaptation to the Brazilian context; (3) program dissemination. Data were collected through document analysis and workshops. RESULTS: through document analysis, workshops with stakeholders from the participating institution, and validation with key informants, it was possible to identify the program's objectives, expected outcomes, and the target audience. This allowed the construction of theoretical and logic models and, through evaluative questions, the identification of indicators for the evaluation of the Fall TIPS Brazil Program. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: this study has provided insights into the Fall TIPS program, the topic of hospital fall prevention, and the proposed models and indicators can be employed in the implementation and future evaluative processes of the program.
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Acidentes por Quedas , Hospitais de Ensino , Segurança do Paciente , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Brasil , Humanos , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Acidentes por Quedas/estatística & dados numéricos , Segurança do Paciente/normas , Segurança do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde/métodosRESUMO
Undernutrition is still a recurring nutritional problem in low and middle-income countries. It is directly associated with the social and economic sphere, but it can also negatively impact the health of the population. In this sense, it is believed that undernourished individuals may be more susceptible to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, throughout life. This hypothesis was postulated and confirmed until today by several studies that demonstrate that experimental models submitted to protein undernutrition present alterations in glycemic homeostasis linked, in part, to the reduction of insulin secretion. Therefore, understanding the changes that lead to a reduction in the secretion of this hormone is essential to prevent the development of diabetes in undernourished individuals. This narrative review aims to describe the main molecular changes already characterized in pancreatic ß cells that will contribute to the reduction of insulin secretion in protein undernutrition. So, it will provide new perspectives and targets for postulation and action of therapeutic strategies to improve glycemic homeostasis during this nutritional deficiency.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Diabetes Mellitus , Desnutrição , Distúrbios Nutricionais , Humanos , Secreção de Insulina , Insulina/metabolismoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: to present the theoretical model, logic model, and the analysis and judgment matrix of the Fall TIPS Brazil Program. Methods: a qualitative, participatory research approach, in the form of an evaluability study, encompassing the phases (1) problem analysis; (2) program design, development, and adaptation to the Brazilian context; (3) program dissemination. Data were collected through document analysis and workshops. Results: through document analysis, workshops with stakeholders from the participating institution, and validation with key informants, it was possible to identify the program's objectives, expected outcomes, and the target audience. This allowed the construction of theoretical and logic models and, through evaluative questions, the identification of indicators for the evaluation of the Fall TIPS Brazil Program. Final Considerations: this study has provided insights into the Fall TIPS program, the topic of hospital fall prevention, and the proposed models and indicators can be employed in the implementation and future evaluative processes of the program.
RESUMEN Objetivos: presentar el modelo teórico, modelo lógico y matriz de análisis y juicio del programa Fall TIPS Brasil. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, participativa tipo estudio de evaluabilidad, que abarca las fases (1) análisis del problema; (2) diseño, desarrollo y adaptación del programa a la realidad brasileña; (3) difusión del programa. Los datos se recopilaron mediante análisis documental y talleres. Resultados: a través del análisis documental, talleres con partes interesadas de la institución participante y validación con informantes clave, se pudieron identificar los objetivos del programa, los resultados esperados y el público beneficiario, construir los modelos teórico y lógico y, a través de preguntas evaluativas, señalar indicadores para la evaluación del programa Fall TIPS Brasil. Consideraciones Finales: el estudio aportó conocimientos sobre el programa Fall TIPS, sobre la temática de prevención de caídas en hospitales, y los modelos e indicadores propuestos pueden ser utilizados en la implementación y en futuros procesos de evaluación del programa.
RESUMO Objetivos: apresentar o modelo teórico, modelo lógico e matriz de análise e julgamento do programa Fall TIPS Brasil. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, participativa do tipo estudo de avaliabilidade, contempla as fases (1) análise do problema; (2) design, desenvolvimento e adaptação do programa à realidade brasileira; (3) disseminação do programa. Os dados foram coletados por análise documental e oficinas. Resultados: a partir da análise documental, oficinas com stakeholders da instituição participante e validação junto a informantes-chave, foi possível identificar os objetivos do programa, os resultados esperados e o público beneficiado, construir os modelos teórico e lógico e, mediante perguntas avaliativas, apontar indicadores para a avaliação do programa Fall TIPS Brasil. Considerações Finais: o estudo trouxe conhecimentos sobre o programa Fall TIPS, sobre a temática de prevenção de quedas hospitalares, e os modelos e indicadores propostos podem ser empregados na implantação e em processos avaliativos futuros do programa.
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This review emphasizes the crucial role of enzyme immobilization technology in advancing the production of two main biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel, with a specific focus on the Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) strategy. This method of immobilization has gained attention due to its simplicity and affordability, as it does not initially require a solid support. CLEAs synthesis protocol includes two steps: enzyme precipitation and cross-linking of aggregates using bifunctional agents. We conducted a thorough search for papers detailing the synthesis of CLEAs utilizing amylases, cellulases, and hemicellulases. These key enzymes are involved in breaking down starch or lignocellulosic materials to produce ethanol, both in first and second-generation processes. CLEAs of lipases were included as these enzymes play a crucial role in the enzymatic process of biodiesel production. However, when dealing with large or diverse substrates such as lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production and oils/fats for biodiesel production, the use of individual enzymes may not be the most efficient method. Instead, a system that utilizes a blend of enzymes may prove to be more effective. To innovate in the production of biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel), enzyme co-immobilization using different enzyme species to produce Combi-CLEAs is a promising trend.
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Biocombustíveis , Enzimas Imobilizadas , Estabilidade Enzimática , Enzimas Imobilizadas/metabolismo , Tecnologia , Etanol , Reagentes de Ligações CruzadasRESUMO
We characterized 3 autochthonous dengue virus serotype 3 cases and 1 imported case from 2 states in the North and South Regions of Brazil, 15 years after Brazil's last outbreak involving this serotype. We also identified a new Asian lineage recently introduced into the Americas, raising concerns about future outbreaks.