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Behavioral disorders affect most diabetic patients and Zinc (Zn) has been used among adjuvant therapies for involvement in the etiology of depression and anxiety, however, the results are still controversial. The objective of this study was to compare the antidepressant, anxiolytic and neuroprotective activity of the supplementation of two Zn compounds in an animal model of Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1). Thirty-eight (38) adult rats were randomized into four groups: Control (C; n = 8); Diabetic (D; n = 10); Diabetic Zn Sulfate Supplement (DSZ; n = 10) and Diabetic Zn Gluconate Supplement (DGZ; n = 10). The DSZ group received Zn sulfate supplementation and the DGZ group received Zn gluconate supplementation at a dose of 15 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Data (mean ±SEM) were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results indicate that Zn gluconate supplementation in diabetic animals presented an antidepressant effect demonstrated through the results obtained in the Forced Swim Test, and neuroprotective effect by attenuating alterations in the cerebral cortex; while Zn sulfate supplementation in diabetic animals showed an anxiolytic effect demonstrated by the results obtained in the open field test and the elevated plus maze test. Considering the set of results, supplementation with both zinc compounds showed neurobehavioral benefits in diabetic animals with different effects depending on the type of anion associated with Zn.
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Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre os valores de leucócitos e proteína C- reativa ultrassensível (PCR-us) e o consumo alimentar habitual de vitaminas com ação antioxidante em idosos, considerando-se a inexistência de estudos. Material e Métodos: Adotou-se delineamento epidemiológico transversal, utilizando-se amostragem de uma população idosa, envolvendo 174 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, de diferentes condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, como obesidade, hipertensão e diabetes. Resultados: Para verificar a correlação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Houve correlação negativa entre os valores de leucócito e vitamina E (r = -0,29, p = 0,0316), ß-caroteno (r = -0,32, p = 0,0189), leucócito e vitamina A (r = -0,36, p= 0,0062), e correlação entre os valores de leucócito e vitamina C, como também entre PCR-us e o consumo alimentar habitual dessas vitaminas. Conclusão: Com base nas correlações encontradas entre os valores de leucócitos e as vitaminas mencionadas, a ingestão dessas vitaminas, seria ainda mais justificada, considerando-se também, a sua importância na adequação dos valores de leucócitos. (AU)
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between leukocyte counts and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the usual dietary intake of vitamins with antioxidant action in the elderly. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a sample of 174 individuals aged 60 years and over, from different socioeconomic and health conditions, such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Results: To verify the correlation among the study variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient was utilized. There was a negative correlation between leukocyte counts and the intake of vitamin E (r = -0.29, p = 0.0316), ß -carotene (r = -0.32, p = 0.0189), as well as vitamin A (r = - 0.36, p = 0.0062). On the other hand, there was a correlation between leukocyte counts and the intake of vitamin C as well as between the hs-CRP and the usual intake of these vitamins. Conclusion: Based on the correlations found, the intake of these vitamins would be more justified considering their importance in the adaptability of leukocyte counts. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso , Proteína C-Reativa , Leucócitos , Ingestão de AlimentosRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: Os exercícios aeróbios são os mais investigados e recomendados para a promoção de redução da pressão arterial. Contudo, ainda não está claro a maneira como modalidades acíclicas (voleibol, futebol e outros) podem promover hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE). OBJETIVO: Comparar a resposta pressórica aguda entre partida de futebol e uma sessão de caminhada/corrida. MÉTODOS Oito sujeitos normotensos (59,7±5 anos) e oito hipertensos (57,3±7 anos) tiveram a pressão arterial (PA) monitorada antes das sessões de exercício e durante 30 minutos de um período de recuperação. RESULTADOS: Futebol e caminhada/corrida promoveram diminuição da PA sistólica de -13,8±11 e -6,8±9 mmHg respectivamente entre os indivíduos hipertensos e de -13,3±6 e -5,8±7 mmHg entre os indivíduos normotensos. A PA diastólica foi reduzida em 8,8±5 e -2,8±4,8 mmHg para hipertensos e -6,5±5 e -4,4±2 mmHg para normotensos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre futebol e caminhada/corrida. CONCLUSÃO: O futebol recreativo apresenta a mesma eficácia na promoção de HPE da caminhada/corrida.
INTRODUCTION: Aerobic exercises are the most investigated and recommended for the promotion of blood pressure reduction. However, is not yet clear how acyclical modalities (volleyball, soccer and others) may promote the post-exercise hypotension (PEH). OBJECTIVE: To compare the acute pressoric response of a soccer match with a walking/running session in recreational soccer practices. METHOD: Eight normotensive (59.7±5 years) and eight hypertensive subjects (57.3±7 years) had blood pressure (BP) monitored before the exercise sessions and during 30 minutes of recovery time. RESULTS: Soccer and walking/running promoted reduction of systolic BP of -13.8±11 and -6.8±9 mmHg respectively among the hypertensive, and -13.3±6 and -5.8±7 mmHg among the normotensive individuals. Diastolic BP was reduced to -8.8±5 and -2.8±4.8 mmHg for hypertensives, and -6.5±5 and -4.4±2 mmHg for normotensives. There were no significant differences between soccer and walking/running. CONCLUSION: Recreational soccer presents the same efficacy in promoting PEH as walking/running.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude, geographical distribution and trends of the prevalence of nutritional anemia among preschoolers and to identify risk groups in the state of Paraiba, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with multistage random sampling procedure was conducted in 8 urban municipalities of three mid-regions (Zona da Mata, Agreste and Sertão) in the state of Paraíba in 1992. A total of 1,287 preschoolers of both sexes were selected. Hemoglobin was determined by the cyanometahemoglobin method in venous blood, employing <11 g/dl as the cut-off for anemia. Statistical analysis of proportions employed the chi Square test, whereas for means Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis were the choice, all with confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 36.4% (CI 33.7 - 39.1) in the state of Paraiba, greater (p=0.00) than that observed (19.3%, CI 17.3 - 21.5) in 1982. Only 1.0% (CI 0.61 - 1.8) and 6.8% (CI 5.5 - 8.3) of anemia cases were classified as severe and moderate, respectively. Boys presented lower mean hemoglobin concentration (p=0.00), and children under age 3 comprised the biological group of highest susceptibility for deficiency status (p= 0.00). It was found that the second year of life is the most critical for developing nutritional deficiency (p= 0.00). The Agreste mid-region revealed to be the geographical area of highest risk (p= 0.00), outlining a new epidemiological dynamics when compared to the year 1982, when the drought-ridden Sertão region were the geographical area at greatest risk of deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: According to international epidemiological criteria, anemia in the studied regions represents a public health problem of moderate degree Assuming the analytical comparability of the 1982 and 1992 cross-sectional surveys, it suggests an increasingly prevalence of nutritional anemia (+88.5%) in all 3 mid-regions in a 10-year-period (1982-92).