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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the surface roughness, wettability and adhesion of multispecies biofilms (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) on 3D-printed resins for complete denture bases and teeth compared to conventional resins (heat-polymerized acrylic resin; artificial pre-fabricated teeth). METHODOLOGY: Circular specimens (n=39; 6.0 mm Ø × 2.0 mm) of each group were subjected to roughness (n=30), wettability (n=30) and biofilm adhesion (n=9) tests. Three roughness measurements were taken by laser confocal microscopy and a mean value was calculated. Wettability was evaluated by the contact angle of sessile drop method, considering the mean of the three evaluations per specimen. In parallel, microorganism adhesion to resin surfaces was evaluated using a multispecies biofilm model. Microbial load was evaluated by determining the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU/mL) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were subjected to the Wald test in a generalized linear model with multiple comparisons and Bonferroni adjustment, as well as two-way ANOVA (α=5%). RESULTS: The roughness of the conventional base resin (0.01±0.04) was lower than that of the conventional tooth (0.14±0.04) (p=0.023) and 3D-printed base (0.18±0.08) (p<0.001). For wettability, conventional resin (84.20±5.57) showed a higher contact angle than the 3D-printed resin (60.58±6.18) (p<0.001). Higher microbial loads of S. mutans (p=0.023) and S. aureus (p=0.010) were observed on the surface of the conventional resin (S. mutans: 5.48±1.55; S. aureus: 7.01±0.57) compared to the 3D-printed resin (S. mutans: 4.11±1.96; S. aureus: 6.42±0.78). The adhesion of C. albicans was not affected by surface characteristics. The conventional base resin showed less roughness than the conventional dental resin and the printed base resin. CONCLUSION: The 3D-printed resins for base and tooth showed less hydrophobicity and less adhesion of S. mutans and S. aureus than conventional resins.
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Resinas Acrílicas , Aderência Bacteriana , Biofilmes , Candida albicans , Bases de Dentadura , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Confocal , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Impressão Tridimensional , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus mutans , Propriedades de Superfície , Molhabilidade , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia , Candida albicans/fisiologia , Bases de Dentadura/microbiologia , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Análise de Variância , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Prótese Total/microbiologia , Valores de Referência , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Modelos LinearesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is a severe genetic disorder, and searching for therapeutic strategies is indispensable for prolonged and improved life for people affected by this condition. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative systematic review aimed to highlight the therapeutic potential of omega- 3 (n-3) in people with sickle cell disease. METHODS: The search was performed by combining sickle cell disease and n-3 descriptors in DeCS/ MeSH databases, including Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library. The risk of bias assessment in the primary studies was performed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized controlled trials. The evidence quality was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. RESULTS: From the 187 records identified, seven were selected for data collection. Based on the evidence, n-3 supplementation contributes to lower activation of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, improves the concentration of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids in the erythrocyte membrane, provides better hemostatic response, and helps in vaso-occlusive crisis, pain episodes, and hospitalization reduction. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that n-3 adjuvant therapy favors the clinical and general aspects of people with sickle cell disease.
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Abstract Studies evaluating the roughness, wettability and microbial adhesion of 3D-printed resins for complete denture bases and teeth are scarce. Objective This study evaluated the surface roughness, wettability and adhesion of multispecies biofilms (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) on 3D-printed resins for complete denture bases and teeth compared to conventional resins (heat-polymerized acrylic resin; artificial pre-fabricated teeth). Methodology Circular specimens (n=39; 6.0 mm Ø × 2.0 mm) of each group were subjected to roughness (n=30), wettability (n=30) and biofilm adhesion (n=9) tests. Three roughness measurements were taken by laser confocal microscopy and a mean value was calculated. Wettability was evaluated by the contact angle of sessile drop method, considering the mean of the three evaluations per specimen. In parallel, microorganism adhesion to resin surfaces was evaluated using a multispecies biofilm model. Microbial load was evaluated by determining the number of Colony Forming Units (CFU/mL) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were subjected to the Wald test in a generalized linear model with multiple comparisons and Bonferroni adjustment, as well as two-way ANOVA (α=5%). Results The roughness of the conventional base resin (0.01±0.04) was lower than that of the conventional tooth (0.14±0.04) (p=0.023) and 3D-printed base (0.18±0.08) (p<0.001). For wettability, conventional resin (84.20±5.57) showed a higher contact angle than the 3D-printed resin (60.58±6.18) (p<0.001). Higher microbial loads of S. mutans (p=0.023) and S. aureus (p=0.010) were observed on the surface of the conventional resin (S. mutans: 5.48±1.55; S. aureus: 7.01±0.57) compared to the 3D-printed resin (S. mutans: 4.11±1.96; S. aureus: 6.42±0.78). The adhesion of C. albicans was not affected by surface characteristics. The conventional base resin showed less roughness than the conventional dental resin and the printed base resin. Conclusion The 3D-printed resins for base and tooth showed less hydrophobicity and less adhesion of S. mutans and S. aureus than conventional resins.
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BACKGROUND: HIV infection affects millions of people globally. Currently, although several drugs have brought an improvement in the quality and life expectancy of these individuals, they are accompanied by several adverse effects. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of studies examining the relationship between antiretroviral therapy (ART) uses and secondary dyslipidemia. METHODS: The review followed the criteria defined by PRISMA. Only articles that completely evaluated the lipid profile were included, which consisted of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL cholesterol (HDL-c). RESULTS: It was observed that the use of nucleoside and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI and NNRTI respectively) drugs and protease inhibitors are the most used in ART and are associated with changes in lipid profiles. The main changes observed were increases in TC, TG, and LDL-c in addition to a decrease in HDL-c. These patients had a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease not only due to the use of therapy, but also due to the presence of other comorbidities evaluated in these studies, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The increase in age, the difference between genders, CD4 T-cell count, and viral load, were observed as risk factors for worsening dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, anti-HIV therapy is linked to dyslipidemia, which may or may not be the primary cause, and is frequently connected with a number of metabolic problems that can exacerbate the illness.
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Dislipidemias , Infecções por HIV , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , LDL-Colesterol/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/efeitos adversos , HDL-Colesterol/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Dislipidemias/induzido quimicamente , Dislipidemias/complicações , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Triglicerídeos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteases/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Background: Green tea, obtained from the plant Camellis sinensis, is one of the oldest drinks in the world and contains numerous bioactive compounds. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of green tea in preventing obesity and cardiovascular diseases that may be related to the reduction of lipid levels. Aim: This study aimed to evidence, through a systematic review, the therapeutic potential of green tea on the lipid profile in preclinical studies in obese animals and clinical studies in obese individuals. Methods: This systematic review follows the recommendations of the preferred report items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic databases, PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted. Articles from January 2009 to December 2019 were selected. Results: This search resulted in twenty-nine articles were included cirtically reviewed. In experimental studies, green tea administration has been shown to reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in animals exposed to obesity-inducing diet. In humans' studies green tea was not shown to be effective for obese lipid control. Because supplementation with green tea extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein for three months at a specific dose. Conclusion: Therefore, green tea appears to act as a protective agent for dyslipidemia in obesity-induced animals. In human studies, green tea has not been shown to be effective in controlling obese lipids.
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Obesidade , Chá , Animais , Colesterol , Humanos , Lipoproteínas LDL/uso terapêutico , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , TriglicerídeosRESUMO
Aim: To analyze the effects of exposure to a high-fat diet during the perinatal period and after weaning on white adipose tissue accumulation and gene expression of TNF- α and NF- κB.Method: Wistar female rats were fed with high-fat (H) or control (C) diet during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were allocated into four groups: Control Control (CC), offspring of mothers GC, fed a control diet after weaning; Control High-fat (CH), offspring of mothers GC, fed a hight-fat diet after weaning; High-fat Control (HC), offspring of mothers GH, fed with control diet after weaning; and High-fat High-fat (HH), offspring of mothers GH, fed a H diet after weaning.Results: HH and HC groups showed increased body weight compared to CC group and increases in caloric intake, larger amount of white adipose tissue and adipocyte size compared to CC and CH groups. The HH and CH groups showed higher NF-kB expression in white adipose tissue compared to the CC and HC groups, and the HH group also showed higher TNF- α expression. In the hypothalamus, the HH and HC groups exhibited higher TNF- α expression compared to the CC and CH groups.Conclusion: Perinatal and post-weaning exposure to the high-fat diet increases the amount of white adipose tissue, adipocyte size, and expression of the inflammatory genes TNF-α and NF-kB.
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NF-kappa B , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Animais , Peso Corporal , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Lactação , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , DesmameRESUMO
Abstract This systematic review examined the effects of paternal exposure to a high-fat diet on the likelihood of offspring developing health consequences, including metabolic conditions. While the connection between a mother's diet and offspring health has been well established, our understanding of whether offspring health is affected by a father's diet remains limited. This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) recommendations. The PubMed, Scopus, and Embase electronic databases were searched using combinations of the MESH terms: obesogenic diet, high-fat diet, cafeteria diet, paternal diet, parental diet, programming, paternal effects, and paternal programming. Sixteen studies were selected after assessing articles for eligibility criteria. The main outcomes concerning offspring health related to metabolic disorders. The offspring of fathers exposed to a high-fat diet displayed elevated gene expression and serum levels of leptin, decreased gene expression and serum levels of adiponectin, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, changes in the transcriptome of pancreatic islet tissues, increased triglycerides, and increased expression of lipogenic genes. The available evidence suggests that paternal exposure to a high-fat diet may induce harmful effects on the health of offspring.
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Animais , Ratos , Comportamento Paterno , Gorduras na Dieta/efeitos adversos , Exposição Paterna , Comportamento AlimentarRESUMO
Objetivo: descrever as notificações de procedimentos inadequados na administração de imunobiológicos no município de Ribeirão Preto, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo com dados das fichas de notificação preenchidas pelos profissionais das salas de vacinas, encaminhadas à Vigilância Epidemiológica municipal entre janeiro de 2007 e junho de 2012. Resultados: administração fora da idade recomendada representou 33,9 por cento dos procedimentos inadequados, enquanto intervalos inadequados entre as doses representaram 24,7 por cento; dos profissionais envolvidos, 80,1 por cento receberam algum treinamento em sala de vacinas; as vacinas que tiveram mais notificações de procedimentos inadequados foram para rotavírus (22,0 por cento) e febre amarela (15,6 por cento). Conclusão: administração fora da idade indicada e intervalos inadequados entre doses das vacinas foram os procedimentos inadequados mais frequentes, apesar de a maioria dos profissionais ter recebido treinamento; identificar procedimentos inadequados é importante para subsidiar a capacitação e adoção de medidas preventivas.
Objective: to describe the notification of inadequate procedures in immunobiological product administration in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: Descriptive study using data from notification forms filled out by health professionals working in vaccine rooms and sent to the municipal Epidemiological Surveillance service from January 2007 to June 2012. Results: 33.9 per cent of inadequate procedures related to products administered outside the recommended age range. 24.7 per cent related to inadequate intervals between doses. 80.1 per cent of health professionals involved had received some form of vaccine room training. Vaccines having the highest numbers of notifications were the rotavirus vaccine (22.0 per cent) and the yellow fever vaccine (15.6 per cent). Conclusion: administration outside indicated age and inadequate intervals between doses were the most occurring inadequate procedures, even though most of the professionals had received training. Identifying inadequate procedures is important to support training processes and the adoption of preventive measures.
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Esquemas de Imunização , Programas de Imunização/organização & administração , Epidemiologia DescritivaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between a Ni-Cr alloy and a ceramic system submitted or not to thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight cylinder blocks of Ni-Cr with 3.0 mm diameter by 4.0 mm hight and 48 disc-shaped specimens (7.0 mm in diameter by 2.0 mm thick) composed of ceramic were prepared. The Ni-Cr cylinder blocks were randomised in two groups of 24 specimens each. One group was submitted to air-particle abrasion (sandblasting) with 50 µm Al(2)O(3) (0.4-0.7 MPa) during 20 s, and the other group was submitted to mechanical retentions with carbide burrs. Each group was subdivided into other two groups (n = 12), submitted or not to thermocycling (500 cycles, 5-55°C). The cylinder blocks were bonded to the disc-shaped ceramic specimens under 10 N of load. The shear bond strengths (MPa) were measured using a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min and 200 kgf of load. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (anova and Tukey's test). RESULTS: The air-particle abrasion group exhibited significantly higher shear bond strength when compared to drilled group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Thermocycling decreased significantly the bond strengths for all groups tested.
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Ligas de Cromo/química , Colagem Dentária , Porcelana Dentária/química , Óxido de Alumínio/química , Silicatos de Alumínio/química , Corrosão Dentária/métodos , Materiais Dentários/química , Polimento Dentário/métodos , Análise do Estresse Dentário/instrumentação , Diamante/química , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Metilmetacrilatos/química , Compostos de Potássio/química , Cimentos de Resina/química , Resistência ao Cisalhamento , Estresse Mecânico , Propriedades de Superfície , TemperaturaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentin shear bond strength of four adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Magic Bond DE and Self Etch Bond) in regards to buccal and lingual surfaces and dentin depth. Forty extracted third molars had roots removed and crowns bisected in the mesiodistal direction. The buccal and lingual surfaces were fixed in a PVC/acrylic resin ring and were divided into buccal and lingual groups assigned to each selected adhesive. The same specimens prepared for the evaluation of superficial dentin shear resistance were used to evaluate the different depths of dentin. The specimens were identified and abraded at depths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm. Each depth was evaluated by ISO TR 11405 using an EMIC-2000 machine regulated at 0.5 mm/min with a 200 Kgf load cell. We performed statistical analyses on the results (ANOVA, Tukey and Scheffé tests). Data revealed statistical differences (p < 0.01) in the adhesive and depth variation as well as adhesive/depth interactions. The Adper Single Bond 2 demonstrated the highest mean values of shear bond strength. The Prompt L-Pop product, a self-etching adhesive, revealed higher mean values compared with Magic Bond DE and Self Etch Bond adhesives, a total and self-etching adhesive respectively. It may be concluded that the shear bond strength of dentin is dependent on material (adhesive system), substrate depth and adhesive/depth interaction.