RESUMO
ABSTRACT The effect of aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Sapindus saponaria L., Nim + Piretro + Rotenona, Dimorphandra mollis and Stryph nodendron adstringens (Mart) Coville was evaluated in relation to non-preference for oviposition and feeding, attractiveness and biology of Plutella xylostella. For the experiment, leaf discs from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) plants of the Butter cultivar were immersed in each extract at the concentration 10% (weight/volume) for 30 seconds. For the no-choice test the treatments that presented less attractiveness were the extracts of A. indica and D. mollis, and the consumption was lower in A. indica. The extracts of A. indica. S. saponaria. D. mollis and S. adstringens provided a deterrent effect on oviposition of P. xylostella. The treatments A. indica. S. saponaria and S. adstringens showed a negative effect for the biological parameters of the pest.
RESUMO Avaliou-se o efeito de Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Nim), Sapindus saponaria L. (Sabão de soldado), Nim + Piretro + Rotenona, Dimorphandra mollis (Faveira) e Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart) Coville (Barbatimão) em relação a não-preferência para oviposição e alimentação, atratividade e biologia de Plutella xylostella. Discos foliares de couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) cultivar Manteiga foram imersos em cada extrato à concentração de 10% (massa/volume) por 30 segundos para realização dos experimentos. Para o teste sem chance de escolha, os tratamentos que apresentaram menores atratividades foram os extratos de A. indica e D. mollis, e o menor consumo foi em A. indica. Os extratos de A. indica, S. saponaria D. mollis e S. adstringens proporcionaram efeito deterrente na oviposição de P. xylostella. Os tratamentos A. indica, S. saponaria e S. adstringens influênciaram negativamente os parâmetros biológicos da praga.
RESUMO
Avaliou-se o efeito de Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Nim), Sapindus saponaria L. (Sabão de soldado), Nim + Piretro + Rotenona, Dimorphandra mollis (Faveira) e Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart) Coville (Barbatimão) em relação a não-preferência para oviposição e alimentação, atratividade e biologia de Plutella xylostella. Discos foliares de couve (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) cultivar Manteiga foram imersos em cada extrato à concentração de 10% (massa/volume) por 30 segundos para realização dos experimentos. Para o teste sem chance de escolha, os tratamentos que apresentaram menores atratividades foram os extratos de A. indica e D. mollis, e o menor consumo foi em A. indica. Os extratos de A. indica, S. saponaria D. mollis e S. adstringens proporcionaram efeito deterrente na oviposição de P. xylostella. Os tratamentos A. indica, S. saponaria e S. adstringens influênciaram negativamente os parâmetros biológicos da praga.
The effect of aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Sapindus saponaria L., Nim + Piretro + Rotenona, Dimorphandra mollis and Stryph nodendron adstringens (Mart) Coville was evaluated in relation to non-preference for oviposition and feeding, attractiveness and biology of Plutella xylostella. For the experiment, leaf discs from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) plants of the Butter cultivar were immersed in each extract at the concentration 10% (weight/volume) for 30 seconds. For the no-choice test the treatments that presented less attractiveness were the extracts of A. indica and D. mollis, and the consumption was lower in A. indica. The extracts of A. indica. S. saponaria. D. mollis and S. adstringens provided a deterrent effect on oviposition of P. xylostella. The treatments A. indica. S. saponaria and S. adstringens showed a negative effect for the biological parameters of the pest.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Lepidópteros/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
First aid is the initial and immediate care given to a victim outside the hospital environment, with the purpose of assuring life and avoiding worsening conditions until he/she receives qualified assistance. Providing immediate aid to someone requires tranquility and, above all, knowledge on what has to be done or not in each situation. In addition to being treated by health professionals, the chances that a victim will receive early treatment by others are large. However, in Brazil, access to information, and the possibility of reviewing it whenever necessary, may contribute greatly to the process of assimilation of this knowledge, in addition to exercises on simulated cases. Informatics has been shown as an extremely useful tool in the development of educational software, considering its multiplicity of resources and providing for the users: motivation for an interactive experience, an individualized teaching that takes into account his/her own rhythm and desired complexity level, besides making possible the user's capacity for solving problems through simulated situations. Considering that, the number of individuals of the population prepared to act as First Aid helpers in situations of life threatening accidents or sudden illness is still very scarce. The ever increasing use of the computer as a mean of spreading information in schools, enterprises, and even households and considering the advantages of an educational software for the users regarding storage and retrieval of information when needed, we proposed the creation of an interactive teaching software. This software is being developed using Storyboard live. The methodology is the following: literature review, selection of images, development of the program, application tests. The initial selected issues are: assessment of the victim, cardiorespiratory arrest and resuscitation, airway obstruction, wounds, and hemorrhages. After utilizing the program, the user should be able to solve hypothetical situations with minimal initial care and maximal physical comfort for an accident or sudden illness victim.