RESUMO
Resumo Esse artigo discute como a luta indígena do povo Mbya Guarani pode ser compreendida como uma dimensão necessária para o estudo da promoção de saúde; luta que se dá em uma situação em que as comunidades manifestam a vivência de uma série de conflitos denunciados, como desrespeito do Estado brasileiro aos seus direitos constitucionais. Realizamos uma análise dialógica de discursos de lideranças Mbya Guarani, presentes em noticiários produzidos por coletivos indígenas e no documentário "Teko Rexaĩ: Saúde Guarani Mbyá". Discutimos as tensões entre a concepção Guarani de Teko Porã e o que está previsto pelo Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena. Argumentamos que as concepções de saúde e de cuidado, desde o enfoque do construtivismo semiótico-cultural em psicologia e suas interfaces com a reflexão ética, devem considerar o ethos indígena. Isso permite repensar o papel dos agentes de saúde em relação aos problemas relatados pelas lideranças indígenas.
Abstract This paper discusses how the struggle of the Mbya Guarani people can be comprehended as a necessary dimension for the study of health care promotion. Struggle that happens in a situation manifested by the communities that includes the experience of a series of conflicts denounced as Brazilian State disrespect to their constitutional rights. We developed a dialogical analysis of discourses uttered by Mbya Guarani leaders, published by indigenous associations and in the documentary "Teko Rexaĩ: Saúde Guarani Mbyá". We discussed the tensions between the Guarani conception of Teko Porã and what is proposed by the Brazilian Subsystem of Indigenous Health Attention. We argue that the conceptions of health and care, from the framework of Semiotic-Cultural Constructivism in psychology and its interfaces with the ethical reflection, should consider the indigenous ethos. It allow us to rethink about the role other the healthcare agents in relation to the issues reported by the indigenous leaders.
Résumé Cet article met en question la manière dont la lutte du peuple Mbya Guarani peut être considerée comme une dimension nécessaire pour l'étude de la promotion de la santée. Elle se déroule dans un contexte où les communités expriment une série de conflits dénoncés comme le manque de respect de l'Etat Brésilien à leurs droits constitutionnels. On a réalisé une analyse dialogique des discours des leaders Mbya Guarani dans les nouvelles produites par les groupes indigènes et aussi, dans le documentaire "Teko Rexaï: Saúde Guarani-Mbya". Les tensions, entre la conception guaraní de Teko Porá et les dispositions du Sous-système d'Atencao à Saúde Indigène, sont discutées. Nous soutenons que les conceptins de la santé et des soins, au point de vue du constructivisme sémio-culturel dans la psycologie et ses interfaces avec la réflexion éthique, devraient tenir compte de l' ethos autochtone. Cela permet de repenser le rôle des agents de la santée en rélation avec les problèmes rapportés par les leaders autochtones.
Resumen Este artículo discute cómo la lucha indígena del pueblo Mbya Guarani puede ser considerada como dimensión necesaria para el estudio de la promoción de salud. Lucha que se da en un contexto en que las comunidades manifiestan una serie de conflictos denunciados como falta de respeto desde el Estado brasilero a sus derechos constitucionales. Se realizó un análisis dialógico de discursos de líderes Mbya Guarani en noticias producidas por colectivos indígenas, y en el documental "Teko Rexaĩ: Saúde Guarani Mbyá". Se discute las tensiones entre la concepción Guarani de Teko Porã y lo previsto por el Subsistema de Atenção à Saúde Indígena. Argumentamos que las concepciones de salud y cuidado, desde el foco del constructivismo semiótico-cultural en psicología y sus interfaces con la reflexión ética, deben considerar un ethos indígena. Esto permite re-pensar el papel que tienen los agentes de salud en relación a los problemas relatados por los líderes indígenas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Povos Indígenas , Promoção da Saúde , Direitos Humanos , Saúde de Populações Indígenas , Cultura IndígenaRESUMO
Cutaneous mucinoses are a heterogeneous group of dermatoses in which excess deposition of mucin in the dermis gives the skin a waxy appearance, with papules and plaques that can vary from self-healing mucinosis to even disrupting the normal shape of a patient's face, conferring a leonine facies, or be part of life threatening diseases like scleromyxedema. This review will describe the most recent classification on lichen myxedematosus in the generalized (scleromyxedema) and the localized forms, as well as the different organ systems involved in scleromyxedema, diagnostic workup, current management, and prognosis.
Assuntos
Escleromixedema/diagnóstico , Escleromixedema/patologia , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/patologia , Fibroblastos/patologia , Humanos , Mucinas , Escleromixedema/classificação , Escleromixedema/terapia , Pele/patologia , Dermatopatias/classificação , Dermatopatias/terapiaRESUMO
Abstract: Cutaneous mucinoses are a heterogeneous group of dermatoses in which excess deposition of mucin in the dermis gives the skin a waxy appearance, with papules and plaques that can vary from self-healing mucinosis to even disrupting the normal shape of a patient's face, conferring a leonine facies, or be part of life threatening diseases like scleromyxedema. This review will describe the most recent classification on lichen myxedematosus in the generalized (scleromyxedema) and the localized forms, as well as the different organ systems involved in scleromyxedema, diagnostic workup, current management, and prognosis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/patologia , Escleromixedema/diagnóstico , Escleromixedema/patologia , Pele/patologia , Dermatopatias/classificação , Dermatopatias/terapia , Escleromixedema/classificação , Escleromixedema/terapia , Fibroblastos/patologia , MucinasRESUMO
Red scrotum syndrome (RSS) (also known as male genital dysesthesia) is a rarely recognized entity characterized by scrotal erythema accompanied by a burning sensation, pain, hyperesthesia/dysesthesia, increased temperature and pruritus. Although its physiopathology is unknown, it has increasingly been associated with chronic topical steroid use in the male genital area. Treatment is challenging and no standardized treatment is currently available. Because current treatment relies on case reports and small case series, the need for more information about drug efficacy in RSS is warranted. The aim of this study is to describe the therapeutic response to pregabalin in patients from an outpatient dermatologic clinic in a tertiary-care hospital diagnosed with RSS. Five patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RSS were included. Ages ranged from 28 to 63 years. All patients had chronic steroid use in the genital area, mostly in the form of combined formulations of corticosteroids, antifungals, and antibiotics. Four patients were prescribed pregabalin monotherapy, 150 mg once daily at night. One patient was prescribed pregabalin and doxycycline. Two patients had complete remission after one month of therapy, one at two months and two at three months. None experienced recurrence at an average of 9.4 months' follow-up. One patient experienced morning drowsiness that did not require suspending treatment. Pregabalin is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for RSS.
RESUMO
The Mapuche practice of weaving has occupied a transcendental role for this community in its system of symbolic representation. These textiles involve different elements of cultural identity for the community, for the wearers of the garments and, most of all, for their creators. This article analyzes the creation context in which the Mapuche textile tradition brings into tension different aspects of cultural identity and innovation within the construction of cultural memory. It examines two principal scenarios that arose from ethnographic work: 1) selection of materials; 2) preparation and fabrication. The findings show that, in both scenarios, the new rules emerging from religious and commercial concerns in the present-day context of these weavers are linked with the diverse positions taken by each woman. We discuss how these new rules are associated with different processes of cultural identity in this group of Mapuche women.
Assuntos
Antropologia Cultural , Criatividade , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/etnologia , Identificação Social , Têxteis , Adulto , Chile/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Nocardia species, particularly Nocardia brasiliensis, are etiologic agents of mycetoma, a chronic subcutaneous infection. Until now, little has been known about the pathogenic mechanisms involved in nocardial infection. Traditionally, subculture in rich media has been a simple way to induce attenuation. In this work, we report the changes in virulence toward mice and in genomic constitution of N. brasiliensis produced after 200 continuous subcultures in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium (P-200 strain). The ability of the N. brasiliensis P-200 strain to produce experimental infection was tested using BALB/c mice. P-200 was also used to immunize mice to determine whether it could induce resistance against a challenge with a nonsubcultured isolate (P-0). Comparative proteomic analysis between N. brasiliensis P-0 and P-200 was performed by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis, and the genome sequence was obtained through Roche 454 sequence analysis. Virulence in BALB/c mice was completely lost, and BALB/c mice immunized with P-200 bacterial cells were resistant to mycetoma production by the nonsubcultured strain. Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed that P-200 lost a total of 262,913 bp distributed in 19 deleted regions, involving a total of 213 open reading frames (ORFs). The deleted genes included those encoding bacterial virulence factors, e.g., catalase, nitrate reductase enzymes, and a group of mammalian cell entry (MCE) family proteins, which may explain the loss of virulence of the isolate. Thus, completely attenuated N. brasiliensis was obtained after 200 passages in BHI medium, and putative Nocardia virulence genes were identified for the first time.
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Nocardiose/microbiologia , Nocardia/genética , Nocardia/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Virulência/genética , Animais , Feminino , Genômica/métodos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Micetoma/microbiologia , Proteômica/métodosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is an infrequent chronic lung that causes irreversible obstruction and, or, obliteration of the smaller airways. This review particularly focuses on more than 30 studies from South America. CONCLUSION: The initial PIBO event occurs in the early years of life and is strongly associated with adenovirus infection and the need for mechanical ventilator support. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary strategy. Multicentre studies are needed to determine progression, optimal management and long-term follow-up.
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Bronquiolite Obliterante/microbiologia , Bronquiolite Obliterante/diagnóstico , Bronquiolite Obliterante/epidemiologia , Bronquiolite Obliterante/terapia , Humanos , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fatores de Risco , América do SulRESUMO
Nocardia brasiliensis is an important etiologic agent of mycetoma. These bacteria live as a saprobe in soil or organic material and enter the tissue via minor trauma. Mycetoma is characterized by tumefaction and the production of fistula and abscesses, with no spontaneous cure. By using mass sequencing, we determined the complete genomic nucleotide sequence of the bacteria. According to our data, the genome is a circular chromosome 9,436,348-bp long with 68% G+C content that encodes 8,414 proteins. We observed orthologs for virulence factors, a higher number of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and catabolism, and gene clusters for the synthesis of bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, terpenes, and polyketides. An in silico analysis of the sequence supports the conclusion that the bacteria acquired diverse genes by horizontal transfer from other soil bacteria, even from eukaryotic organisms. The genome composition reflects the evolution of bacteria via the acquisition of a large amount of DNA, which allows it to survive in new ecological niches, including humans.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Cromossomos Bacterianos/química , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Genoma Bacteriano , Nocardia/genética , Microbiologia do Solo , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Transferência Genética Horizontal , Humanos , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/genética , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Micetoma/microbiologia , Micetoma/patologia , Nocardia/efeitos dos fármacos , Nocardia/metabolismo , Nocardia/patogenicidade , Nocardiose/microbiologia , Nocardiose/patologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismoRESUMO
In Mexico, actinomycetoma is mainly caused by Nocardia brasiliensis, which is a soil inhabitant actinobacterium. Here, we report for the first time the draft genome of a strain isolated from a human case that has largely been found in in vitro and experimental models of actinomycetoma, N. brasiliensis HUJEG-1.
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Genoma Bacteriano , Nocardia/classificação , Nocardia/genética , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is a rare condition. We describe here the case of a patient with HIV who presented with a clinical syndrome of portal hypertension. After multiple evaluations the diagnosis was recognized by the histology. The findings were attributed to the prolonged use of didanosine.