RESUMO
El adenocarcinoma de mama es la segunda neoplasia maligna más común en mujeres, solo después del cáncer de pulmón. Este tumor se clasifica histopatológicamente en bien, moderado y poco diferenciado. Además de esta clasificación, los análisis actuales utilizan inmunohistoquímica para identificar receptores hormonales para estrógenos y progesterona (RH) y HER2/neu, esta información permite hacer un pronóstico de respuesta al tratamiento y tiempo de sobrevida. Las células cebadas se han asociado a un mal pronóstico, ya que participan en la angiogénesis y el crecimiento tumoral favoreciendo la metástasis. Esto disminuye la esperanza de vida. También las células cebadas expresan en la membrana plasmática el receptor c-Kit (CD117) que se ha asociado a proliferación celular. En este estudio, se evaluó si existen variaciones en los patrones de expresión de c-Kit en las células cebadas presentes en muestras de adenocarcinoma de mama; y si los distintos patrones del receptor se asocian a la presencia de metástasis linfática. Se utilizaron muestras de adenocarcinoma moderadamente diferenciado, y se analizaron empleando métodos histológicos, histoquímicos e inmunohistoquímicos. Los grupos se clasificaron de acuerdo a su positividad a RH y HER2/neu, y se subclasificaron de acuerdo a la presencia o no de metástasis. Además se realizó un análisis morfométrico de células cebadas y los patrones de expresión de c-Kit. Los grupos con metástasis mostraron mayor cantidad de células cebadas comparados con el grupo control, y su grupo correspondiente sin metástasis. Las células cebadas con patrones de expresión 1 y 3 fueron más abundantes en los grupos con metástasis. En los grupos sin metástasis predominaron las células cebadas con el patrón 2. Los resultados sugieren que el número de células cebadas y los patrones de expresión de c-Kit, podrían ser empleados como indicadores probables, más no definitivos de la presencia de metástasis linfática.
Breast adenocarcinoma is the second most common neoplasm, just after lung cancer in women. According to histopathological features this tumor is classified into well, moderate and poorly differentiated. In addition to this classification, current analysis also use immunohistochemistry to detect estrogen and progesterone receptors (RH), and HER2/neu, this information is useful to make a prognostic in treatment response and survival time. Mast cells have been associated with bad prognosis, because they participate in angiogenesis and tumor growth promoting metastases. This decreases life expectancy. Also mast cells express in the plasmatic membrane the receptor c-Kit (CD117) that is associated to cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated if there are variations in the expression patterns of c-Kit receptor in mast cells present in breast adenocarcinoma samples; and if expression patterns are associated with the presence of metastases to ganglion. Samples of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma were evaluated using histological, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry methods. Groups were classified according to their positivity to RH and HER2/neu, and subclassified if presented or not metastases. Also mast cells and expression patterns of c-Kit receptor were analyzed by a morphometric method. Groups with metastases showed higher amount of mast cells, compared with control group and their corresponding group without metastases. Mast cells with expression patterns 1 and 3 were more abundant in all the groups with metastasis. In groups without metastases mast cells with pattern 2 were predominant. Results suggest that the amount of mast cells and the expression patterns of c-Kit could be use as probable indicators, but not definitive of the presence of nodal metastases.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Mastócitos , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit , HistocitoquímicaRESUMO
This study seeks to determine whether the relative levels of attachment to galectins 1 and 3 of cells from thyroid tissues embedded in paraffin blocks can differentiate thyroid tumors from normal tissues. A total of 48 thyroid paraffin sample blocks from 4 groups of patients were analyzed: 12 samples served as controls, 12 samples were from patients with thyroid adenoma, 12 samples were from patients with thyroid follicular carcinoma, and 12 samples were from patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma. The relative attachment of cells to galectins 1 and 3 antigens was determined using the InnoCyte™ ECM Cell Adhesion kit at different cell sample concentrations. All of the samples from thyroid tissue preparations showed attachment to galectins 1 and 3. The samples from tissues with a diagnosis of adenoma, follicular and papillary carcinoma showed an increased adherence to galectins 1 and 3 relative to the controls. Significant differences were found between the means of the adherent cells from the adenomas compared with the follicular and papillary carcinoma samples. When the outcomes from the galectins 1 and 3 cell surface binding were compared, no statistical differences were found. The cells from adenoma and carcinoma samples show more adhesion to galectins 1 and 3 than cells from the control samples. The samples prepared from follicular and papillary carcinomas show more cells adherent to galectins 1 and 3 than those from the adenomas.
Assuntos
Galectina 1 , Galectina 3 , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/classificação , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma Folicular/patologia , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/patologia , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Papilar/patologia , Humanos , Inclusão em Parafina , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) is the main screening process for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules. Despite this, by 5-29% of patients, their FNA results are not enough to confirm malign neoplasia, particularly in cases with follicular lesions. The objective of this report is to present the definitive histological results of a group of 41 patients with FNA of Thyroid nodule catalogued as "indeterminate/non diagnostic" sent for surgical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done on all of the patients who had underwent surgery for thyroid nodule, with a previous diagnosis of "indeterminate/non diagnostic" by FNA. Forty-one patients, three male (7.31%), and 38 female (92.68%), were included in the present study. RESULTS: Fifteen women and one man were positive for malignancies (39.02%). The nodule was bigger than 4 cm in 23 patients in total (56.09%), and of this percentage, 6 were malignant (26.09%). According to age, 24 patients were older than 45 years (58.5%), 8 of whom showed malignant pathology (33.3%). All these variables were non significant. Fifteen of 16 patients had a definitive diagnosis of papillary carcinoma and one follicular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients with a diagnosis of "indeterminated/non diagnostic" had benign lesions (60.9%). The usual predictive factors for malignity such as age, sex, size of nodule, did not present a significant support in the differential diagnosis.