RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the viability of incorporating genomic medicine technology into the process of detecting and diagnosing chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) at primary-care facilities in Mexico, and to discuss its implications for health systems in other countries with similar characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted 29 semi-structured interviews with health authorities as well as providers and users of health services in the state of Morelos. We investigated knowledge of genomic technology among interviewees; the accessibility, management, and organization of health services; and CNCDs prevention, control, and care practices. RESULTS: The incorporation of genomic medicine technology into the CNCDs primary-care process is viable. However, the following challenges were identified: a lack of knowledge and limited information among interviewees regarding the effectiveness and benefits of genomic medicine technology, coupled with the need to mobilize and reassign trained human resources for drawing, registering, safeguarding, transporting, and controlling the quality of the genetic samples, as well as for the outsourcing of private laboratory services. CONCLUSION: Using genetic information to detect CNCDs at an early stage offers an enormous potential for upgrading CNCDs prevention and control efforts. This, in turn, could translate into more efficient and financially sustainable health systems in Mexico and other low- and middle-income countries.
Assuntos
Doenças não Transmissíveis , Atenção à Saúde , Genômica , Humanos , México , Doenças não Transmissíveis/terapia , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
Objetivo Analizar la formación académica que reciben los estudiantes de medicina y enfermería sobre el cáncer de mama (CaMa) durante el trascurso de su carrera universitaria. Materiales y Métodos Estudio exploratorio realizado en 2009. Basado en entrevistas semi-estructuradas a actores clave y revisión documental. Población de estudio: 199 Facultades/Escuelas de medicina y 108 Escuelas/Institutos de enfermería. Unidad de análisis: plan de estudios. Resultados En 16,8 % de los planes de estudio de medicina y 6,3 % de enfermería se encontró información específica de contenidos sobre CaMa. La capacitación que reciben los médicos es predominantemente desarrollada por las áreas biomédica y clínica y en menor proporción en el área socio-médica. En enfermería los temas que más se desarrollan son en áreas comunitarias, abordando contenidos de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad (estilos de vida saludable e identificación de mujeres con alto riesgo de padecer CaMa). Discusión Se encontró escasa evidencia sobre entrenamiento específico para la detección y atención del cáncer de mama en los planes de estudio. Por los resultados encontrados es necesario fortalecer los currículos para formar a los futuros profesionales con capacidades para trabajar en la solución de los problemas y necesidades específicos de salud de la población particularmente en acciones de prevención primaria y secundaria.
Objective Analyzing formal knowledge about breast cancer (BC) issues that medical and nursing students receive from different syllabuses and courses during their undergraduate studies. Materials and Methods This exploratory study was conducted in 2009; it was based on semi-structured interviews applied to key stakeholders and complemented by an analysis of their undergraduate courses. The study population consisted of 199 Faculties and Schools of Medicine and 108 Schools and Colleges of Nursing and the unit of analysis consisted of the syllabuses for the undergraduate courses. Results 16.8 % of the medical courses and 6.3 % of the nursing courses had specific information about BC. Medical students predominantly received their training in biomedical and clinical areas and the socio-medical area to a lesser extent. The issues in nursing courses was mainly focused (in community areas) on promoting health and preventing disease (healthy lifestyles and recognition of women at high risk regarding BC). Discussion Little evidence was found that medicine and nursing syllabuses contain issues related to BC. Medical and nursing curricula should be strengthened to improve professional skills and abilities related to BC to solve the affected population's problems and health needs, particularly regarding primary and secondary prevention.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Currículo , Diagnóstico Precoce , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Educação em Enfermagem , Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Competência Clínica , Currículo/normas , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/normas , Educação em Enfermagem/normas , Promoção da Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Entrevistas como Assunto , México , Fatores de Risco , Faculdades de Medicina/normas , Escolas de Enfermagem/normasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Analyzing formal knowledge about breast cancer (BC) issues that medical and nursing students receive from different syllabuses and courses during their undergraduate studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This exploratory study was conducted in 2009; it was based on semi-structured interviews applied to key stakeholders and complemented by an analysis of their undergraduate courses. The study population consisted of 199 Faculties and Schools of Medicine and 108 Schools and Colleges of Nursing and the unit of analysis consisted of the syllabuses for the undergraduate courses. RESULTS: 16.8% of the medical courses and 6.3% of the nursing courses had specific information about BC. Medical students predominantly received their training in biomedical and clinical areas and the socio-medical area to a lesser extent. The issues in nursing courses was mainly focused (in community areas) on promoting health and preventing disease (healthy lifestyles and recognition of women at high risk regarding BC). DISCUSSION: Little evidence was found that medicine and nursing syllabuses contain issues related to BC. Medical and nursing curricula should be strengthened to improve professional skills and abilities related to BC to solve the affected population's problems and health needs, particularly regarding primary and secondary prevention.