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The repellent capacity against Sitophilus zeamais and the in vitro inhibition on AChE of 11 essential oils, isolated from six plants of the northern region of Colombia, were assessed using a modified tunnel-type device and the Ellman colorimetric method, respectively. The results were as follows: (i) the degree of repellency (DR) of the EOs against S. zeamais was 20-68% (2 h) and 28-74% (4 h); (ii) the IC50 values on AChE were 5-36 µg/mL; likewise, the %inh. on AChE (1 µg/cm3 per EO) did not show any effect in 91% of the EO tested; (iii) six EOs (Bursera graveolens-bark, B. graveolens-leaves, B. simaruba-bark, Peperomia pellucida-leaves, Piper holtonii (1b*)-leaves, and P. reticulatum-leaves) exhibited a DR (53-74%) ≥ C+ (chlorpyrifos-61%), while all EOs were less active (8-60-fold) on AChE compared to chlorpyrifos (IC50 of 0.59 µg/mL). Based on the ANOVA/linear regression and multivariate analysis of data, some differences/similarities could be established, as well as identifying the most active EOs (five: B. simaruba-bark, Pep. Pellucida-leaves, P. holtonii (1b*)-leaves, B. graveolens-bark, and B. graveolens-leaves). Finally, these EOs were constituted by spathulenol (24%)/ß-selinene (18%)/caryophyllene oxide (10%)-B. simaruba; carotol (44%)/dillapiole (21%)-Pep. pellucida; dillapiole (81% confirmed by 1H-/13C-NMR)-P. holtonii; mint furanone derivative (14%)/mint furanone (14%)-B. graveolens-bark; limonene (17%)/carvone (10%)-B. graveolens-leaves.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Colinesterase , Repelentes de Insetos , Óleos Voláteis , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Animais , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Inibidores da Colinesterase/farmacologia , Inibidores da Colinesterase/química , Colômbia , Repelentes de Insetos/farmacologia , Repelentes de Insetos/química , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Piper/química , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/química , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/química , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos/farmacologia , Gorgulhos/enzimologia , Gorgulhos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/química , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano/farmacologia , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: For over a century, Sporothrix schenckii was considered the sole species responsible for sporotrichosis. In 2007, scientific community confirmed the disease could be caused by various Sporothrix species. These species differed in their virulence factors and their antifungal sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to characterize 42 Colombian clinical isolates of Sporothrix spp. phenotypically and genotypically. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-two clinical isolates were characterized using phenotypic methods. It involved various culture media to determine their growth range at different temperatures and to assess the type and distribution of pigment and colony texture. Microscopic morphology was evaluated through microcultures, as well as the conidia diameter, type of sporulation, and morphology. Additionally, the assimilation of carbohydrates was selected as a physiological trait for species identification. Genotyping of 40 isolates was performed through partial amplification of the calmodulin gene, followed by sequence analysis. RESULTS: Molecular studies enabled the identification of 32 isolates of S. schenckii and 8 isolates of S. globosa. The combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods eased these species characterizations and the recognition keys development based on parameters such as growth diameter at 25 and 30 ºC, colony texture (membranous or velvety) on potato dextrose agar, and microscopic morphology with predominance of pigmented triangular, elongated oval globose, or subglobose conidia. CONCLUSIONS: Confirmation of the phenotypic characteristics and molecular analysis is crucial for identifying Sporothrix species and determining adequate treatment. This study represents the first phenotypical and genotypical characterization of clinical isolates of Sporothrix spp. reported in Colombia.
Introducción: Por más de un siglo se creyó que Sporothrix schenckii era la única especie responsable de la esporotricosis. Sin embargo, en el 2007, se consideró que podría ser causada por diferentes especies de Sporothrix, que difieren en sus factores de virulencia y su sensibilidad a los antifúngicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar fenotípica y genotípicamente 42 aislamientos clínicos colombianos de Sporothrix spp. Materiales y métodos: Se caracterizaron 42 aislamientos clínicos mediante métodos fenotípicos. Se usaron varios medios de cultivo para determinar el rango de crecimiento a diferentes temperaturas, el tipo y la distribución del pigmento, y la textura de las colonias. Se evaluó la morfología microscópica por microcultivos mediante la determinación del diámetro, el tipo de esporulación y la morfología de las conidias. La asimilación de carbohidratos se usó como una característica fisiológica para identificar las especies. La genotipificación de los 40 aislamientos se llevó a cabo mediante la amplificación parcial del gen que codifica para la calmodulina y se confirmó por secuenciación. Resultados: Mediante estudios moleculares, se identificaron 32 aislamientos de S. schenckii y ocho de S. globosa. La combinación de métodos fenotípicos y genotípicos permitió caracterizar las especies y construir claves para su reconocimiento, con base en parámetros como el diámetro de crecimiento a 25 y 30 ºC, la textura de las colonias (membranosa, aterciopelada) en agar papa dextrosa y la morfología microscópica con predominio de conidias (triangulares pigmentadas, ovales globosas elongadas, subglobosas). Conclusiones: La caracterización fenotípica y los análisis moleculares son necesarios para identificar las especies de Sporothrix y, de esta forma, elegir el tratamiento indicado. Esta es la primera caracterización fenotípica y genotípica reportada de aislamientos clínicos colombianos de Sporothrix spp.
Assuntos
Sporothrix , Colômbia , Sporothrix/genética , Genótipo , Fenótipo , Antifúngicos , Meios de CulturaRESUMO
Piper eriopodon is one of the Piper species found in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and the species has been reported with different compositions of their essential oils (EO). In this study, the volatile fractions/essential oil (by HS-SPME/SDE/MWHD-GC-MS/1H-NMR) of different parts from the plant were characterized, and assessments of the in vitro bio-properties of the leaf EO were conducted. The results indicated the following: (i) in the volatile fractions were ß-caryophyllene (~23%)/myrcene (~20%) (inflorescences) and ß-caryophyllene (~43%)/ß-selinene (~20%) (leaves) using HS-SPME; myrcene (~31%)/ß-pinene (~23%) (inflorescences), gibbilimbol B (~60%) (fruits) and gibbilimbol B (~46%)/ß-caryophyllene (~11%) (leaves) through SDE; (ii) leaf EO contained gibbilimbol B (~72%), confirmed with 1H-NMR; (iii) the cytotoxic values (µg/mL) in erythrocytes/lymphocytes/Hep-2 were HC50: 115 ± 3 (eryth.), LC50: 71 ± 4 (lymph.) and LC50: 33 ± 2 (cell-line); (iv) the antibacterial susceptibilities (Ï inh. zone, mm; 4-16 µg EO) were 22.5 ± 0.4-97 ± 4 (Staphylococcus aureus), 23 ± 2-77 ± 4 (Escherichia coli) and 17 ± 1-48 ± 3 (Listeria monocytogenes); (v) the TAA value was 2249 ± 130 mmol Trolox®/kg; (vi) the IC50 value was 13±1 µg/mL (AChE) with 20 ± 0-37 ± 6% repellency (2-4 h, Sitophilus zeamais). Thus, the EO of P. eriopodon leaves from northern Colombia could be a promising species for sustainable exploitation in the future due to its outstanding bioactivities.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis , Piper , Óleos Voláteis/química , Piper/química , Colômbia , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
Resumen Los riñones ectópicos pélvicos solitarios asociados a degeneración aneurismática de las arterias ilíacas y la aorta abdominal son eventos muy raros. Los enfoques quirúrgicos para la corrección de aneurismas con compromiso renal son un desafío por la falta de consenso actual, en especial cuando cursan con riñones ectópicos pélvicos solitarios funcionales asociados. Por tal motivo, una de las estrategias que ha demostrado buenos resultados a corto y mediano plazo es la nefroprotección en frío, la cual puede ser usada con seguridad en estos pacientes. En el caso que se presenta, se evidenció una ectasia aórtica con aneurismas ilíacos bilaterales asociados con un riñón ectópico pélvico solitario en un paciente masculino de 75 años, con hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia. Se realizó una reconstrucción aortoilíaca bilateral y una reconstrucción de la arteria hipogástrica, además de reimplante de la arteria renal ectópica bajo irrigación renal en frío, sin complicaciones y preservación de la función renal.
Abstract Solitary pelvic ectopic kidneys associated with aneurysmal degeneration of the iliac arteries and abdominal aorta are very rare events. Surgical approaches for the correction of aneurysms with renal involvement are challenging due to the lack of current consensus, especially when they are associated with functional solitary pelvic ectopic kidneys. For this reason, one of the strategies that has shown good results in the short and medium term is cold nephroprotection, which can be used safely in these patients. In the present case, aortic ectasia with bilateral iliac aneurysms associated with a solitary pelvic ectopic kidneys was evidenced in a 75-year-old male patient with arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. Bilateral aortoiliac reconstruction was performed with hypogastric artery reconstruction and reimplantation of the ectopic renal artery under cold renal irrigation, without complications and preservation of renal function.
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Introducción: Los ftalatos son disruptores endocrinos usados en la fabricación de múltiples productos de la industria, principalmente plásticos. El periodo fetal representa la principal ventana de vulnerabilidad, y la exposición a ftalatos en esta etapa de vida genera efectos adversos fetales y postnatales. El biomarcador más fiable para medición de ftalatos es la orina. Objetivo: Caracterizar las diferentes fuentes de exposición a disruptores endocrinos y cuantificar la concentración urinaria de ftalatos en gestantes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo que incluye 400 gestantes que asistieron a control prenatal en las instituciones de salud Génesis y Metrosalud (Medellín-Colombia). Se caracterizaron fuentes de exposición, se recolectó muestras de orina de todas las gestantes, y cuantificó la concentración de ftalatos de 38 mujeres. Resultados: Las medias geométricas de ftalato Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP), Mono-n-butyl phthalate(MnBP), Mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate(MEHHP) y Mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate(MEOHP) fueron 162,72µg/L, 58,5 µg/L, 33,93µg/L y 31,63µg/L respectivamente. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las gestantes evaluadas han estado expuestas a lo largo de su vida a fuentes potenciales de disruptores endocrinos, presentes en químicos domésticos, tabaco y uso frecuente de cosméticos faciales y corporales. Las concentraciones de MnBP, MEHHP y MEOHP en orina de las participantes, fueron superiores a los hallazgos a nivel mundial.
Introduction: Phthalates are endocrine disruptors used in the manufacture of various industrial products, mainly plastics. The fetal period represents the principal window of vulnerability, and the exposure to Phthalates in this stage of life generates adverse fetal and post-natal effects. The most reliable biomarker for the assessment of Phthalates is urine. Objective: To characterize the different exposure sources of endocrine disruptors and quantify the urinary concentration of Phthalates in pregnant women. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study which included 400 pregnant women who received prenatal care in the Genesis and Metrosalud health institutions (Medellín-Colombia). Exposure sources were characterized and urine samples were collected from all pregnant women and the Phthalate concentration was quantified in 38 women. Results: The geometric measures of Phthalate Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP), Mono-n-butyl phthalate(MnBP), Mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate(MEHHP) and Mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate(MEOHP) were 162.72µg/L, 58.5 µg/L, 33.93µg/L and 31.63µg/L respectively. Conclusions: The majority of pregnant women that were evaluated were exposed to potential sources of endocrine disruptors throughout their life, which are present in household chemicals, tobacco, and frequent use of facial and body cosmetics. The concentrations of MnBP, MEHHP y MEOHP in urine of participants were higher than those found worldwide.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Compostos Químicos , Gestantes , Mulheres , Disruptores Endócrinos , IndústriasRESUMO
PURPOSE: X-linked megalocornea (XMC) is a rare anterior segment malformation characterized by a nonprogressive enlargement of the cornea to 13 mm or greater in the setting of normal intraocular pressure. XMC is caused by mutations in the CHRDL1 gene and it is inherited as an X-linked recessive trait affecting only males. Here, we describe the results of phenotypic and genetic assessment in a novel XMC pedigree. METHODS: Three subjects (a father and his two daughters) underwent a complete clinical and imaging ocular examination including biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, tonometry, visual acuity, Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging, anterior segment Swept Source OCT, and ultrabiomicroscopy. Genetic analysis was performed through whole exome sequencing in 3 family members. Candidate variants were validated by sanger sequencing. RESULTS: The affected father exhibited megalocornea, very deep anterior chambers, retrocorneal pigmentation, iris atrophy, queer iris configuration, extremely open iridocorneal angles, and cataracts. Notably, both daughters showed queer iris configuration and abnormally widely open iridocorneal angles in both eyes. Genetic analysis identified a novel hemizygous c.207+1G>A splicing variant in CHRDL1 in the affected father. Both mildly affected daughters were heterozygous for the pathogenic variant. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we report an additional XMC family due to a novel mutation in the CHRDL1 gene. Mild anterior segment anomalies were observed in two heterozygous carriers demonstrating for the first time a CHRDL1-linked phenotype in females. A detailed comparison of the clinical and genetic features of this pedigree with those observed in previously published XMC cases is also presented.
Assuntos
Oftalmopatias Hereditárias , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X , Oftalmopatias Hereditárias/genética , Proteínas do Olho , Feminino , Genes Ligados ao Cromossomo X , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/diagnóstico , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Mutação , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso , LinhagemRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo. Estimar la incidencia, mortalidad y supervivencia a cinco años por carcinoma endometrial en Manizales, para el periodo 2003-2017. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de base poblacional, con alcance descriptivo. Se ajustaron tasas de incidencia y mortalidad mediante el método directo usando la población mundial Segi como referencia. Se realizó seguimiento pasivo y activo de los casos hasta completar 60 meses o hasta la fecha de cierre de seguimiento. La supervivencia fue estimada mediante funciones de Kaplan-Meier y modelos de regresión de Cox. Resultados. Se observaron 210 casos incidentes en una población de 214 928 mujeres. La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de 61 años. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el endometrioide, bien diferenciado. La mayoría de las pacientes estaban afiliadas al régimen contributivo y pertenecían al nivel socioeconómico medio. La tasa de incidencia ajustada por edad fue de 5,7 casos nuevos por cada 100 000 mujeres-año. Se identificaron 75 defunciones con mayor mortalidad entre los 64 y los 79 años. La supervivencia global fue de 95,1% a los 12 meses y de 83,8% a los 60 meses. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la supervivencia a favor de la histología epitelial, los estadios tempranos al momento del diagnóstico y la edad al diagnóstico menor a 60 años. Conclusiones. La mortalidad es similar a la reportada en otros países de la región. En Manizales, la sobrevida al cáncer de endometrio fue mayor en pacientes con diagnóstico temprano, con edad menor de 60 años y con histología endometrioide.
ABSTRACT Objective. To estimate the incidence, mortality and five-year survival of endometrial carcinoma in Manizales for the period 2003-2017. Materials and methods. Observational, retrospective, population-based study, descriptive in scope. Incidence and mortality rates were adjusted by the direct method using the Segi world population as reference. Passive and active follow-up of the cases was carried out until completing 60 months or until the follow-up closing date. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier functions and Cox models. Results. 210 incident cases were observed in a population of 214.928 women. The average age at diagnosis was 61 years. The most frequent histological type was endometrioid, well differentiated. Most of the patients were affiliated to the contributory health insurance scheme and belonged to the middle socioeconomic level. The age-adjusted incidence rate was 5.7 new cases per 100,000 woman-years. Seventy-five deaths were identified, with greater mortality between 65-69 and 75-79 age groups. Overall survival was 95.1% at 12 months and 83.8% at 60 months. Statistically significant differences were found in survival in favor of epithelial histology, early stages at the time of diagnosis, and age at diagnosis less than 60 years. Conclusions. Manizales follows the global pattern of rise in the age-adjusted incidence rate. Mortality is like that reported in other countries in the region. In Manizales, endometrial cancer survival was higher in patients with early diagnosis, less than 60 years of age, and with endometrioid histology.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Sobrevida , Incidência , Mortalidade , Neoplasias , Epidemiologia , Estatísticas Vitais , Neoplasias do Endométrio , ColômbiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE.: To estimate the incidence, mortality and five-year survival of endometrial carcinoma in Manizales for the period 2003-2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Observational, retrospective, population-based study, descriptive in scope. Incidence and mortality rates were adjusted by the direct method using the Segi world population as reference. Passive and active follow-up of the cases was carried out until completing 60 months or until the follow-up closing date. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier functions and Cox models. RESULTS.: 210 incident cases were observed in a population of 214.928 women. The average age at diagnosis was 61 years. The most frequent histological type was endometrioid, well differentiated. Most of the patients were affiliated to the contributory health insurance scheme and belonged to the middle socioeconomic level. The age-adjusted incidence rate was 5.7 new cases per 100,000 woman-years. Seventy-five deaths were identified, with greater mortality between 65-69 and 75-79 age groups. Overall survival was 95.1% at 12 months and 83.8% at 60 months. Statistically significant differences were found in survival in favor of epithelial histology, early stages at the time of diagnosis, and age at diagnosis less than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS.: Manizales follows the global pattern of rise in the age-adjusted incidence rate. Mortality is like that reported in other countries in the region. In Manizales, endometrial cancer survival was higher in patients with early diagnosis, less than 60 years of age, and with endometrioid histology.
OBJETIVO.: Estimar la incidencia, mortalidad y supervivencia a cinco años por carcinoma endometrial en Manizales, para el periodo 2003-2017. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de base poblacional, con alcance descriptivo. Se ajustaron tasas de incidencia y mortalidad mediante el método directo usando la población mundial Segi como referencia. Se realizó seguimiento pasivo y activo de los casos hasta completar 60 meses o hasta la fecha de cierre de seguimiento. La supervivencia fue estimada mediante funciones de Kaplan-Meier y modelos de regresión de Cox. RESULTADOS.: Se observaron 210 casos incidentes en una población de 214 928 mujeres. La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de 61 años. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el endometrioide, bien diferenciado. La mayoría de las pacientes estaban afiliadas al régimen contributivo y pertenecían al nivel socioeconómico medio. La tasa de incidencia ajustada por edad fue de 5,7 casos nuevos por cada 100 000 mujeres-año. Se identificaron 75 defunciones con mayor mortalidad entre los 64 y los 79 años. La supervivencia global fue de 95,1% a los 12 meses y de 83,8% a los 60 meses. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la supervivencia a favor de la histología epitelial, los estadios tempranos al momento del diagnóstico y la edad al diagnóstico menor a 60 años. CONCLUSIONES.: La mortalidad es similar a la reportada en otros países de la región. En Manizales, la sobrevida al cáncer de endometrio fue mayor en pacientes con diagnóstico temprano, con edad menor de 60 años y con histología endometrioide.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Endométrio , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The progression of PD produces an important disease burden in patients due to functional impairment, which also has repercussions on caregivers. In addition, it has become a challenge for health systems, especially in developing countries, which have limited resources. Multidisciplinary teams with a community approach have proved effective in high-income countries; however, there is no reported literature in low- and middle-income countries about this kind of initiative. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to document the experience of patients, caregivers, and experts in a community approach as an innovative model in a middle-income country. METHODS: A quantitative descriptive research was conducted. The selection criteria were having a PD diagnosis, attending with a caregiver to Saturdays in Motion (SIM), or being a clinical expert invited to SIM. PD patients and their caregivers answered three surveys on their points of view with respect to SIM: SIM and their quality of life (QoL) and PDQ-39 and Zarit, whereas clinical experts completed two questions related to the SIM program. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results of the surveys and clinical tests. RESULTS: Forty-eight, twenty-four, and twenty-one subjects answered surveys one, two, and three, respectively. In total, four clinical experts were interviewed. 87.9% of the patients consider that SIM activities improved their QoL. The most affected areas in PDQ-39 were those related to the social area. Around 66.6% of the caregivers reported a mild burden on Zarit and think that SIM enhances the PD patient's QoL. Clinical experts highlighted the sense of community and empathy. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary experience shows a multidisciplinary model with a community approach which redefines the traditional relationship between patients, caregivers, and clinical experts. This aim of this initiative is that education and empowerment patients and caregivers reach a better perception of QoL.